纯java config配置Spring MVC实例

1、首先创建一个Maven工程，项目结构如下：

pom.xml添加Spring和servlet依赖，配置如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.smart.springmvc</groupId>
  <artifactId>JavaSpringMVC</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>JavaSpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
        <springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    </properties>
  <dependencies>
  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
  <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
                        <warName>JavaSpringMVC</warName>
                        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    <finalName>JavaSpringMVC</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

首先要注意这里maven-war-plugin 插件的声明。正如我们将完全删除web.xml ，我们需要配置这个插件，以避免Maven构建war包失败。第二个变化是加入了JSP/Servlet/Jstl 的依赖关系，这些我们可能需要，因为我们将要使用 servlet API和JSTL视图在我们的代码中。在一般情况下，容器已经包含这些库，从而在pom.xml中为他们提供了，我们可以设置作用范围。

2、添加控制器

UserController.class

package com.smart.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

@Controller
public class UserController {

   @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
   public ModelAndView student() {
      return new ModelAndView("user", "command", new User());
   }

   @RequestMapping(value = "/addUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
   public String addUser(@ModelAttribute("SpringWeb")User user,
   ModelMap model) {
       System.out.println(user.getSex());
       System.out.println(user.getName());
      model.addAttribute("phone", user.getPhone());
      model.addAttribute("email", user.getEmail());
      model.addAttribute("password", user.getPassword());
      model.addAttribute("name", user.getName());
      model.addAttribute("repassword", user.getRepassword());
      model.addAttribute("sex", user.getSex());

      return "UserList";
   }
}

在类名@Controller注解声明这个类的Spring bean 以及 @RequestMapping注解声明了这个类是默认处理程序键入“/”的所有请求。第一种方法没有声明因此任何映射，它将继承映射的映射声明是在类级别上，默认处理GET请求。方法二(由于额外的映射声明使用value属性)形式 /user 将再次请求。属性方法说哪种类型的HTTP请求这种方法可以服务。

方法说哪种类型的HTTP请求这种方法可以服务。 ModelMap是一个Map实现，在这里作为替代[request.getAttribute()/request.setAttribute()] 设定值作为请求属性。请注意，我们从这个方法返回“UserList”字符串。此字符串将后缀和前缀后缀，在视图解析器定义的前缀，形成真正的视图文件名。

3、添加视图

user.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
  <%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>register</title>
<script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript">
$().ready(function() {
    // 在键盘按下并释放及提交后验证提交表单
      $("#vForm").validate({

            rules: {
              phone:{required:true,isMobile:true},
              email:{required:true,email:true},

              password: {
                required: true,
                minlength: 5,
                maxlength: 12
              },
              repassword: {
                required: true,
                minlength: 5,
                maxlength: 12,
                equalTo: "#password"
              },
              name: {required: true,maxlength:32},
            },

            messages: {
              phone: {
                required: "请输入手机号<br/>",
                minlength: "请输入11位的有效手机号码<br/>"
              },
              email: {
                    required: "请输入邮箱<br/>",
                    minlength: "请输入正确的邮箱<br/>"
                  },
              password: {
                required: "请输入密码<br/>",
                minlength: "密码长度不能小于 5 个字母<br/>",
                maxlength: "密码长度不能大于 12 个字母<br/>"
              },
              repassword: {
                required: "请再次输入密码<br/>",
                minlength: "密码长度不能小于 5 个字母<br/>",
                maxlength: "密码长度不能大于 12 个字母<br/>",
                equalTo: "两次密码输入不一致<br/>"
              },
              name: {
                    required: "请输入用户名<br/>",
                    minlength: "用户名长度不得大于32个字符<br/>"
                  },
            }
        });
    });
</script>

<style>
.error{
    color:red;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px">
<div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%">
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px">
 <form class="form-horizontal"  role="form" id="vForm" method="POST" action="addUser">

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="phone" class="col-sm-4 control-label">手&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;机</label>
    <div class="col-sm-4">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="请输入手机号">
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="email" class="col-sm-4 control-label">邮&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;箱</label>
    <div class="col-sm-4">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱">
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="passowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码</label>
    <div class="col-sm-4">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码">
    </div>
  </div>
    <div class="form-group ">
    <label for="name" class="col-sm-4 control-label">姓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;名</label>
    <div class="col-sm-4">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓名">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="repassowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">重复密码</label>
    <div class="col-sm-4">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="repassword" name="repassword" placeholder="请再次输入密码">
    </div>
  </div>

 <div class="form-group">
  <label for="sex" class="col-sm-4 control-label">性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;别</label>
    <div>
      <label class="radio-inline">
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="radio" name="sex" id="boy" value="男" checked> 男
      </label>
      <label class="radio-inline">
        <input type="radio" name="sex" id="girl"  value="女"> 女
      </label>
    </div>
 </div>

 <div class="form-group">
   <div class="col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-3 control-label ">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交</button>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    <a href="Login.jsp" class="btn btn-info">登录</a>
   </div>
 </div>

</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

User.jsp

UserList.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
  <%@ taglib prefix="c"
           uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户列表</title>
<script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jqPaginator.min.js"></script>
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px">
<div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%">
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px">
<table class="table table-striped" >
  <caption>用户列表</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>电话</th>
      <th>邮箱</th>
      <th>密码</th>
      <th>重复密码</th>
      <th>名字</th>
      <th>性别</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>

    <tr>
      <td>${phone}</td>
      <td>${email}</td>
      <td>${password}</td>
      <td>${repassword}</td>
      <td>${name}</td>
      <td>${sex}</td>

    </tr>     

  </tbody>
</table>

</body>
</html>

UserList.jsp

4、添加配置类

JavaSpringCon.class

package com.smart.springmvc.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.smart.springmvc")
public class JavaSpringCon {

    @Bean(name="HelloWorld")
    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

        return viewResolver;
    }

}

这种构造类可以被看作是一个替代 spring-servlet.xml，因为它包含了所有必需的组件的扫描和视图解析器的信息。

@Configuration指明该类包含注解为@Bean 生产 bean管理是由Spring容器的一个或多个bean方法。 以上配置类对应等同于以下XML：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" />

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

@EnableWebMvc 等同于 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML中. 它能够为使用@RequestMapping向特定的方法传入的请求映射@Controller-annotated 类。

@ComponentScan 等同于 context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供 spring 在哪里寻找 管理 beans/classes.

5、添加初始化类

JavaSpringIn.class

package com.smart.springmvc.configuration;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class JavaSpringIn extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] { JavaSpringCon.class };
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/" };
    }

   @Override
   protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
       CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
       characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
       characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
       return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter};
   }     

}

JavaSpringIn.class

添加一个初始化类实现 WebApplicationInitializer 在src/main/java 中使用如下图所示指定包(在这种情况下，作为替代在 web.xml 中定义的任何 Spring 配置)。在Servlet 3.0的容器启动时，这个类将被加载并初始化，并在启动由servlet容器调用方法。

6、：构建和部署应用程序

有一点要记住，像WebApplicationInitializer，Spring 是基于Java 的配置API依赖于 Servlet3.0容器。确保你没有使用Servlet声明任何小于3.0。对于我们的情况，我们将从应用程序中删除 web.xml 文件。

现在构建war (无论是作为Eclipse中提到的最后一个教程)或通过Maven的命令行(mvn clean install)。部署war 到Servlet3.0容器。由于我在这里使用Tomcat，我就干脆把这个 war 文件放到 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夹，然后在 tomcat 的bin 目录里面点击 start.bat 运行。

或者 右键工程 =>Run As => Maven install 完成后，再次 右键工程 =>Run As => Maven build，弹出选择：

Goals:org.apache.tomcat.maven:tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run-war

点击运行访问http://localhost:8080/JavaSpringMVC/user 即可出现如下，我因为css引用问题还没有解决所有这么丑。