React——嵌入已有项目 && jsx
React has been designed from the start for gradual adoption, and you can use as little or as much React as you need.
The majority of websites aren’t, and don’t need to be, single-page apps. With a few lines of code and no build tooling, try React in a small part of your website. You can then either gradually expand its presence, or keep it contained to a few dynamic widgets.
Add React in One Minute
how to add a React component to an existing HTML page. You can follow along with your own website, or create an empty HTML file to practice.
There will be no complicated tools or install requirements — to complete this section, you only need an internet connection, and a minute of your time.
Step 1: Add a DOM Container to the HTML
First, open the HTML page you want to edit. Add an empty <div> tag to mark the spot where you want to display something with React. For example:
<!-- ... existing HTML ... -->
<div id="like_button_container"></div>
<!-- ... existing HTML ... -->Tip
You can place a “container” <div> like this anywhereinside the <body> tag. You may have as many independent DOM containers on one page as you need. They are usually empty — React will replace any existing content inside DOM containers.
Step 2: Add the Script Tags
Next, add three <script> tags to the HTML page right before the closing </body> tag:
<!-- ... other HTML ... -->
<!-- Load React. -->
<!-- Note: when deploying, replace "development.js" with "production.min.js". -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.development.js" crossorigin></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.development.js" crossorigin></script>
<!-- Load our React component. -->
<script src="like_button.js"></script>
</body>The first two tags load React. The third one will load your component code.
Step 3: Create a React Component
Create a file called like_button.js next to your HTML page.
Open this starter code and paste it into the file you created.
'use strict';
const e = React.createElement;
class LikeButton extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = { liked: false };
}
render() {
if (this.state.liked) {
return 'You liked this.';
}
return e(
'button',
{ onClick: () => this.setState({ liked: true }) },
'Like'
);
}
}
Tip
This code defines a React component called LikeButton. Don’t worry if you don’t understand it yet — we’ll cover the building blocks of React later in our hands-on tutorial and main concepts guide. For now, let’s just get it showing on the screen!
After the starter code, add two lines to the bottom of like_button.js:
// ... the starter code you pasted ...
const domContainer = document.querySelector('#like_button_container');
ReactDOM.render(e(LikeButton), domContainer);
These two lines of code find the <div> we added to our HTML in the first step, and then display our “Like” button React component inside of it.
Tip: Reuse a Component
Commonly, you might want to display React components in multiple places on the HTML page. Here is an example that displays the “Like” button three times and passes some data to it:
View the full example source code
Note
This strategy is mostly useful while React-powered parts of the page are isolated from each other. Inside React code, it’s easier to use component compositioninstead.
Tip: Minify JavaScript for Production
Before deploying your website to production, be mindful that unminified JavaScript can significantly slow down the page for your users.
If you already minify the application scripts, your site will be production-ready if you ensure that the deployed HTML loads the versions of React ending in production.min.js:
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js" crossorigin></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" crossorigin></script>If you don’t have a minification step for your scripts, here’s one way to set it up.
Optional: Try React with JSX
In the examples above, we only relied on features that are natively supported by the browsers. This is why we used a JavaScript function call to tell React what to display:
const e = React.createElement;
// Display a "Like" <button>
return e(
'button',
{ onClick: () => this.setState({ liked: true }) },
'Like'
);However, React also offers an option to use JSX instead:
// Display a "Like" <button>
return (
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ liked: true })}>
Like
</button>
);These two code snippets are equivalent. While JSX is completely optional, many people find it helpful for writing UI code — both with React and with other libraries.
You can play with JSX using this online converter.
Quickly Try JSX
The quickest way to try JSX in your project is to add this <script> tag to your page:
<script src="https://unpkg.com/babel-standalone@6/babel.min.js"></script>Now you can use JSX in any <script> tag by adding type="text/babel" attribute to it. Here is an example HTML file with JSX that you can download and play with.
This approach is fine for learning and creating simple demos. However, it makes your website slow and isn’t suitable for production. When you’re ready to move forward, remove this new <script> tag and the type="text/babel" attributes you’ve added. Instead, in the next section you will set up a JSX preprocessor to convert all your <script> tags automatically.
Add JSX to a Project
Adding JSX to a project doesn’t require complicated tools like a bundler or a development server. Essentially, adding JSX is a lot like adding a CSS preprocessor. The only requirement is to have Node.js installed on your computer.
Go to your project folder in the terminal, and paste these two commands:
- Step 1: Run
npm init -y(if it fails, here’s a fix) - Step 2: Run
npm install babel-cli@6 babel-preset-react-app@3
Tip
We’re using npm here only to install the JSX preprocessor; you won’t need it for anything else. Both React and the application code can stay as <script> tags with no changes.
Congratulations! You just added a production-ready JSX setup to your project.
Run JSX Preprocessor
Create a folder called src and run this terminal command:
npx babel --watch src --out-dir . --presets react-app/prod Note
npx is not a typo — it’s a package runner tool that comes with npm 5.2+.
If you see an error message saying “You have mistakenly installed the babel package”, you might have missed the previous step. Perform it in the same folder, and then try again.
Don’t wait for it to finish — this command starts an automated watcher for JSX.
If you now create a file called src/like_button.js with this JSX starter code, the watcher will create a preprocessed like_button.js with the plain JavaScript code suitable for the browser. When you edit the source file with JSX, the transform will re-run automatically.
As a bonus, this also lets you use modern JavaScript syntax features like classes without worrying about breaking older browsers. The tool we just used is called Babel, and you can learn more about it from its documentation.
React Without JSX
JSX is not a requirement for using React. Using React without JSX is especially convenient when you don’t want to set up compilation in your build environment.
Each JSX element is just syntactic sugar for calling React.createElement(component, props, ...children). So, anything you can do with JSX can also be done with just plain JavaScript.
For example, this code written with JSX:
class Hello extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div>Hello {this.props.toWhat}</div>;
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<Hello toWhat="World" />,
document.getElementById('root')
);can be compiled to this code that does not use JSX:
class Hello extends React.Component {
render() {
return React.createElement('div', null, `Hello ${this.props.toWhat}`);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
React.createElement(Hello, {toWhat: 'World'}, null),
document.getElementById('root')
);If you’re curious to see more examples of how JSX is converted to JavaScript, you can try out the online Babel compiler.
The component can either be provided as a string, or as a subclass of React.Component, or a plain function for stateless components.
If you get tired of typing React.createElement so much, one common pattern is to assign a shorthand:
const e = React.createElement;
ReactDOM.render(
e('div', null, 'Hello World'),
document.getElementById('root')
);If you use this shorthand form for React.createElement, it can be almost as convenient to use React without JSX.
Alternatively, you can refer to community projects such as react-hyperscript and hyperscript-helpers which offer a terser syntax.
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