Kubernetes 学习4 kubernetes应用快速入门
一、相关命令
1、kubectl
通过连接api server 进行各k8s对象资源的增删改查,如pod，service，controller(控制器)，我们常用的pod控制器replicaset，deployment,statefulet，daemonset，job，cronjob等，甚至node都是对象。
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager. Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/ Basic Commands (Beginner): #新手用的命令
create #增 Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes Service
run Run a particular image on the cluster
set Set specific features on objects Basic Commands (Intermediate): #中级的基础命令
explain Documentation of resources
get #查 Display one or many resources
edit #改 Edit a resource on the server
delete #删 Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector Deploy Commands: #部署命令
rollout #滚动，回滚 Manage the rollout of a resource
scale #改变应用程序的规模 Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller, or Job
autoscale #自动改变，就是创建HPA的 Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or ReplicationController Cluster Management Commands: #集群管理相关命令
certificate #证书 Modify certificate resources.
cluster-info #集群信息 Display cluster info
top #查看资源使用率 Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon #标记一个节点不可被调用 Mark node as unschedulable
uncordon #标记一个节点可被调用 Mark node as schedulable
drain #排干模式 Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint #增加污点，给节点增加污点以后，能容忍该污点的pod才能被调度到该节点，默认master会有很多污点，所以创建的pod默认是不会在master上创建，这样确保了master只运行各系统组件 Update the taints on one or more nodes Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands: #修复和调试命令
describe #描述一个资源的详细信息 Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
logs #查看日志 Print the logs for a container in a pod
attach #和docker 中的attach相似 Attach to a running container
exec #和docker exec 相似 Execute a command in a container
port-forward #端口转发 Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy #代理 Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
cp #跨容器复制文件 Copy files and directories to and from containers.
auth #测试认证 Inspect authorization Advanced Commands: #高级命令
apply #创建，修改 Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin
patch #打补丁 Update field(s) of a resource using strategic merge patch
replace #替换 Replace a resource by filename or stdin
wait #等待 Experimental: Wait for one condition on one or many resources
convert #转换 Convert config files between different API versions Settings Commands: #设置命令
label #打标签 Update the labels on a resource
annotate #给资源加一个注解 Update the annotations on a resource
completion #用来做命令补全 Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh) Other Commands: #其它命令
alpha Commands for features in alpha
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
config Modify kubeconfig files
plugin Runs a command-line plugin
version Print the client and server version information Usage:
kubectl [flags] [options] Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).
2、查看kubectl 版本信息或集群信息
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"", Minor:"", GitVersion:"v1.11.1", GitCommit:"b1b29978270dc22fecc592ac55d903350454310a", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-07-17T18:53:20Z", GoVer
sion:"go1.10.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}Server Version: version.Info{Major:"", Minor:"", GitVersion:"v1.11.1", GitCommit:"b1b29978270dc22fecc592ac55d903350454310a", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-07-17T18:43:26Z", GoVer
sion:"go1.10.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.10.10:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.10.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
3、kubectl run 命令
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl run --help
Create and run a particular image, possibly replicated. Creates a deployment or job to manage the created container(s).#基于这两种中的某一种创建容器(也就是pod) Examples:
# Start a single instance of nginx.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx #基于nginx镜像启动pod # Start a single instance of hazelcast and let the container expose port .
kubectl run hazelcast --image=hazelcast --port= # Start a single instance of hazelcast and set environment variables "DNS_DOMAIN=cluster" and "POD_NAMESPACE=default"
in the container.
kubectl run hazelcast --image=hazelcast --env="DNS_DOMAIN=cluster" --env="POD_NAMESPACE=default" # Start a single instance of hazelcast and set labels "app=hazelcast" and "env=prod" in the container.
kubectl run hazelcast --image=nginx --labels="app=hazelcast,env=prod" # Start a replicated instance of nginx.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=5 #启动5个pod # Dry run. Print the corresponding API objects without creating them.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --dry-run #单跑模式 # Start a single instance of nginx, but overload the spec of the deployment with a partial set of values parsed from
JSON.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --overrides='{ "apiVersion": "v1", "spec": { ... } }' # Start a pod of busybox and keep it in the foreground, don't restart it if it exits.
kubectl run -i -t busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never #默认容器结束了会自动补上去，加了此命令后就不会再自动补上去 # Start the nginx container using the default command, but use custom arguments (arg1 .. argN) for that command.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx -- <arg1> <arg2> ... <argN> # Start the nginx container using a different command and custom arguments.
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --command -- <cmd> <arg1> ... <argN> #加上自定义的命令 # Start the perl container to compute π to places and print it out.
kubectl run pi --image=perl --restart=OnFailure -- perl -Mbignum=bpi -wle 'print bpi(2000)' # Start the cron job to compute π to places and print it out every minutes.
kubectl run pi --schedule="0/5 * * * ?" --image=perl --restart=OnFailure -- perl -Mbignum=bpi -wle 'print bpi(2000)' #创建一个定时job
使用kubectl run创建一个单跑模式的nginx容器
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.14-alpine --port= --replicas= --dry-run=true
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created (dry run) #deployment控制器下所控制的应用程序，叫做nginx-deploy
使用kubectl run创建一个nginx容器
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.14-alpine --port= --replicas=
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME DESIRED(期望) CURRENT(当前) UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE（可用） AGE
nginx-deploy 23s
过一会儿查看显示已经可用
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 2m
查看创建的pod
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deploy-5b595999-vw5vt / Running 3m
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deploy-5b595999-vw5vt / Running 4m 10.244.2.2 k8snode2
到节点2中查看网桥可用发现启动的相应pod是连接在cni0 网桥上的
[root@k8snode2 ~]# ip addr
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen
link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::/ scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
link/ether :0c::b3::ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.12/ brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::df7a:6e6c::ba25/ scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/ether ::::4d: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/ brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: flannel.: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether :d1:5f:6c::7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.244.2.0/ scope global flannel.
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::90d1:5fff:fe6c:717b/ scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: cni0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu qdisc noqueue state UP qlen
link/ether 0a::0a:f4:: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.244.2.1/ scope global cni0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80:::a3ff:fe46:ac7e/ scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: vethadaa4f42@if3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu qdisc noqueue master cni0 state UP
link/ether 3e:4d:5f:db:: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid
inet6 fe80::3c4d:5fff:fedb:/ scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@k8snode2 ~]# docker exec -it 706159bf29fc /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0A::0A:F4::
inet addr:10.244.2.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: Metric:
RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
collisions: txqueuelen:
RX bytes: (1.1 KiB) TX bytes: (0.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU: Metric:
RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
collisions: txqueuelen:
RX bytes: (0.0 B) TX bytes: (0.0 B) / #
[root@k8snode2 ~]# curl 10.244.2.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@k8snode2 ~]#
4、kubelet delete ：使用此命令删除刚刚创建的nginx容器，会发现删除后控制器会再次启动一个pod
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-deploy-5b595999-vw5vt
pod "nginx-deploy-5b595999-vw5vt" deleted
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deploy-5b595999-kbj6j / ContainerCreating 17s <none> k8snode1
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deploy-5b595999-kbj6j / Running 2m 10.244.1.2 k8snode1
5、kubelet expose （暴露）:此时会发现pod的ip已经变了，因此我们需要创建一个固定的service来提供固定的访问接口。我们使用kubelet expose命令来进行创建。(service 默认只服务于集群的内部pod客户端)
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl expose deployment(控制器) nginx-deploy（控制器名字） --name=nginx --port=(service 端口) --target-port=(pod端口) --protocol=TCP
service/nginx exposed
查看和测试创建后的service
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 20h
nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 17m [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe service nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Labels: run=nginx-deploy
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=nginx-deploy
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.103.127.92
Port: <unset> /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.2:
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.103.127.92
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@k8smaster ~]#
删除pod然后等自动重建后继续访问原来的service发现依然可以访问
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
client / Error 14m 10.244.2.3 k8snode2
nginx-deploy-5b595999-jdbtn / Running 31s 10.244.1.3 k8snode1
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-deploy-5b595999-jdbtn
pod "nginx-deploy-5b595999-jdbtn" deleted
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
client / Error 14m 10.244.2.3 k8snode2
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 27s 10.244.2.4 k8snode2
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 21h
nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 42m
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.103.127.92
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
6、关于集群dns,所有启动的pod的nameserver 地址都是指向集群中 系统名称空间 中的dns的service的
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 21h
default nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 29m
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> /UDP,/TCP 21h
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe svc kube-dns -n kube-system
Name: kube-dns
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: k8s-app=kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service=true
kubernetes.io/name=KubeDNS
Annotations: prometheus.io/port=
prometheus.io/scrape=true
Selector: k8s-app=kube-dns
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.96.0.10
Port: dns /UDP
TargetPort: /UDP
Endpoints: 10.244.0.2:,10.244.0.3:
Port: dns-tcp /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.0.2:,10.244.0.3:
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl run client --image=busybox --replicas= --replicas= -it --restart=Never
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.96.0.10
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local
options ndots:
7、get pod时查看label(service 与pod 之间是通过label关联的)
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE LABELS
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 15m 10.244.2.4 k8snode2 pod-template-hash=,run=nginx-deploy
8、kubectl edit #可以编辑运行的service，不过当前版本应该只可以查看不支持编辑
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl edit svc nginx
Edit cancelled, no changes made.
9、svc还有负载均衡的功能
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl run myapp --image=ikubernetes/myapp:v1 --replicas=
deployment.apps/myapp created
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h / Running 2m
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd / Running 2m
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 56m
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h / Running 3m 10.244.2.5 k8snode2
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd / Running 3m 10.244.1.4 k8snode1
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 57m 10.244.2.4 k8snode2 ^C[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide -w #持续监控
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
myapp 4m myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 run=myapp
nginx-deploy 4h nginx-deploy nginx:1.14-alpine run=nginx-deploy
创建svc并查看转发情况
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl expose deployment myapp --name=myapp --port=
service/myapp exposed [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 22h
myapp ClusterIP 10.106.171.207 <none> /TCP 12s
nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 1h
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe svc myapp
Name: myapp
Namespace: default
Labels: run=myapp
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=myapp
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.106.171.207
Port: <unset> /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.4:,10.244.2.5:
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html
10、kubectl scale #动态改变副本数
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl scale --replicas= deployment myapp
deployment.extensions/myapp scaled
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h / Running 22m
myapp-848b5b879b-6fvr5 / Running 30s
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj / Running 30s
myapp-848b5b879b-f77xt / Running 30s
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd / Running 22m
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h [root@k8smaster ~]# while true; do curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html;sleep ; done
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
myapp-848b5b879b-6fvr5
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
myapp-848b5b879b-f77xt
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
myapp-848b5b879b-f77xt
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
^C
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl scale --replicas= deployment myapp
deployment.extensions/myapp scaled
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h / Running 25m
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj / Running 3m
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd / Running 25m
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h
[root@k8smaster ~]# while true; do curl 10.106.171.207/hostname.html;sleep ; done
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd
^C
11、kubelet set image 滚动升级更新
先查看各pod以及其镜像，然后滚动更新后发现pod名称和镜像都发生了改变
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h / Running 30m
myapp-848b5b879b-dpwpj / Running 8m
myapp-848b5b879b-ptqjd / Running 30m
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
error: the server doesn't have a resource type "myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h"
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl describe pod myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
Name: myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h
Namespace: default
Priority:
PriorityClassName: <none>
Node: k8snode2/192.168.10.12
Start Time: Wed, May :: +
Labels: pod-template-hash=
run=myapp
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.2.5
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/myapp-848b5b879b
Containers:
myapp:
Container ID: docker://54587de57edd701951f1e0492504a17be62c9fa18002f5bfc58b252ed536b029
Image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
Image ID: docker-pullable://ikubernetes/myapp@sha256:9c3dc30b5219788b2b8a4b065f548b922a34479577befb54b03330999d30d513
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Wed, May :: +
Ready: True
Restart Count:
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-jvtl7 (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-jvtl7:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-jvtl7
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Pulling 18h kubelet, k8snode2 pulling image "ikubernetes/myapp:v1"
Normal Pulled 18h kubelet, k8snode2 Successfully pulled image "ikubernetes/myapp:v1"
Normal Created 18h kubelet, k8snode2 Created container
Normal Started 18h kubelet, k8snode2 Started container
Normal Scheduled 30m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/myapp-848b5b879b-5hg7h to k8snode2
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl set image deployment myapp myapp=ikubernetes/myapp:v2
deployment.extensions/myapp image updated
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment myapp #查看滚动更新状态
deployment "myapp" successfully rolled out
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-74c94dcb8c-ccqzs / Running 2m
myapp-74c94dcb8c-jmj4p / Running 2m
myapp-74c94dcb8c-lc2n6 / Running 2m
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h
另启动一个shell 访问镜像，可以看到动态更新效果
[root@k8smaster ~]# while true; do curl 10.106.171.207;sleep ; done
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
12、kubectl rollout #版本回退（回滚）
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-74c94dcb8c-8l4n7 / Running 11s
myapp-74c94dcb8c-dzlfx / Running 14s
myapp-74c94dcb8c-tsd2s / Running 12s
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment myapp #不加镜像版本默认回退到上一个版本
deployment.extensions/myapp
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-74c94dcb8c-8l4n7 / Terminating 22s
myapp-74c94dcb8c-dzlfx / Terminating 25s
myapp-74c94dcb8c-tsd2s / Terminating 23s
myapp-848b5b879b-5k4s4 / Running 5s
myapp-848b5b879b-bzblz / Running 3s
myapp-848b5b879b-hzbf5 / Running 2s
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-848b5b879b-5k4s4 / Running 13s
myapp-848b5b879b-bzblz / Running 11s
myapp-848b5b879b-hzbf5 / Running 10s
nginx-deploy-5b595999-d9lv5 / Running 1h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 10.106.171.207
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
还可以自动扩缩容，不过需要和资源监控配合。
13、可以通过iptables -vnL查看iptables规则，可以看到service是出现在其中的。
14、通过修改svc 的type属性为NodePort 可以在外部访问到对应的pod 服务
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 23h
myapp ClusterIP 10.106.171.207 <none> /TCP 50m
nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 2h
[root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl edit svc myapp
service/myapp edited #打开后内容如下
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
creationTimestamp: --09T08::47Z
labels:
run: myapp
name: myapp
namespace: default
resourceVersion: ""
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/services/myapp
uid: 776ef2c3--11e9-be24-000c29d142be
spec:
clusterIP: 10.106.171.207
externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
ports:
- nodePort:
port:
protocol: TCP
targetPort:
selector:
run: myapp
sessionAffinity: None
type: NodePort #此处由ClusterIP改为NodePort
status:
loadBalancer: {} [root@k8smaster ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 23h
myapp NodePort 10.106.171.207 <none> :/TCP 51m
nginx ClusterIP 10.103.127.92 <none> /TCP 2h
[root@k8smaster ~]# curl 192.168.10.10:
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
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