CCNP路由实验之八路由重公布

在前面几个实验，已经学习了静态路由和动态路由。如今，我们要掌握怎样使它们在一个网络中融合，即路由重公布。

使用出站口作为静态路由

使用下一跳地址作为静态路由

EIGRP汇总路由

EBGP（外部）

内部EIGRP

IGRP

100

OSPF

110

IS-IS自治系统

115

RIP

120

EGP外部网关协议(淘汰)

140

ODR

160

外部EIGRP

170(重公布)

iBGP（内部）

200

默认路由

默认路由是在路由器找不到详细路由时的一种处理方式，它总是被最后使用

未知

255

注：

word=%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8" target="_blank">管理距离是指一种
word=%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8" target="_blank">路由协议的路由可信度，在正常情况下，管理距离越小，它的
word=%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E7%BA%A7&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8" target="_blank">优先级就越高。也就是可信度越高！

路由器依据管理距离决定哪一个协议的路由进入路由表
使用出站接口配置的静态路由AD实际处于0-1之间
假设AD同样，则会比較路由协议的度量值（如跳计数或链路的宽带值），带有较低度量值的路由会被放置在路由表中；
距离矢量路由协议（如RIP和IGRP）的度量值为跳数
EIGRP的度量值默觉得带宽和延迟，其他可选因素是负载。可靠性和最大传输单元
OSPF的度量值为开销，默觉得10*7/带宽（单位是bit/s）
假设AD和度量值都同样，那么路由选择协议会使用负载均衡，即发送的数据包会平均分配到每一个链路上。
全部协议都能够实现负载均衡。EIGRP和IGRP默认时能够支持最多到4条链路的不等代价负载均衡。能够通过maximum-paths 命令能够使数值达到6
AD为255的路由不会被使用

路由重分布并非完美的，它有例如以下几点不足：

路由回环：依据重分布的用法，路由器有可能将它从一个AS收到的路由信息发回到这个AS中。这样的回馈与距离矢量路由协议的水平切割问题相似。
路由信息不兼容：不同的路由协议使用不有的量度值，由于这些量度值可能无法正确引入到不同的路由协议，使用重分布的路由信息来进行路径选择可能不是最优的。
收敛时间不一致：不同的路由协议收敛效率不同，比如，RIP比EIGRP收敛慢，因此假设一条链路DOWN掉，EIGRP网络将比RIP网络更早得知这一信息。

在配置路由重分布时应注意以下情况：

不要重叠使用路由协议:不要在同一个网络里使用两个不同的路由协议，在使用不同路由协议的网络之间应该有明显的边界。
重分布原则：路由必须位于路由选择表中才干被重分发
在单边界的情况下使用双向重分布: 当一个网络中仅仅有一个边界路由器时，双向重分布工作非常稳定。

假设没有不论什么机制来防止路由回环，不要在一个多边界的网络中使用双向重分布。综合使用默认路由、路由过滤以及改动管理距离能够防止路由回环。
有多个边界路由器的情况下使用单向重分布: 假设有多于一台路由器作为重分布点，使用单向重分布能够避免回环和收敛问题。

在不须要接收外部路由的路由器上使用默认路由。

实验一、单边界多向路由重分布

R1配置（边界路由器）

R1#conf t

R1(config)#int lo0

R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1255.255.255.0 //直连路由

R1(config-if)#desc Directly

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int f1/0

R1(config-if)#desc static

R1(config-if)#ip add 172.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int s2/0

R1(config-if)#desc Internet

R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R1(config-if)#ip add 202.100.100.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int e0/0

R1(config-if)#desc RIP

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int e0/1

R1(config-if)# desc EIGRP

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.13.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int e0/2

R1(config-if)#desc OSPF

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.14.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int e0/3

R1(config-if)#desc IS-IS

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.15.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip router isis //将接口宣告到IS-IS路由进程中

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0202.100.100.2 //默认路由

R1(config)#ip route 172.168.100.0255.255.255.0 172.168.1.2 //静态路由

R1(config)#router rip //开启RIP路由协议

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#net 192.168.12.0

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router eigrp 1 //开启EIGRP路由协议

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.13.0255.255.255.0

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf路由协议

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.14.0255.255.255.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router isis //开启IS-IS路由协议

R1(config-router)#net49.0001.1111.1111.1111.00

R1(config-router)#exit

R2配置（RIP路由协议）

R2#conf t

R2(config)#int lo 0

R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#desc RIP

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#int e0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.2255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#desc RIP

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#int e0/0

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#ver 2

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.0

R2(config-router)#net 192.168.12.0

R2(config-router)#exit

R3配置：（EIGRP路由协议）

R3#conf t

R3(config)#int lo0

R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#desc EIGRP

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#int e0/0

R3(config-if)#desc EIGRP

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.13.2255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router eigrp 1

R3(config-router)#net 192.168.13.0

R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0

R3(config-router)#exit

R4配置：（OSPF路由协议）

R4#conf t

R4(config)#int lo0

R4(config-if)#desc OSPF

R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#int e0/0

R4(config-if)#desc OSPF

R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.14.2255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0255.255.255.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#net 192.168.14.0255.255.255.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#exit

R5配置：（IS-IS路由协议）

R5#conf t

R5(config)#int lo0

R5(config-if)#desc IS-IS

R5(config-if)#ip add 5.5.5.5255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#ip router isis

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#int e0/0

R5(config-if)#desc IS-IS

R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.15.2255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#ip router isis

R5(config-if)#no sh

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#router isis

R5(config-router)#net49.0001.5555.5555.5555.00

R5(config-router)#exit

Branch配置（静态路由）

Branch#conf t

Branch(config)#int lo0

Branch(config-if)#ip add 172.168.100.1255.255.255.0

Branch(config-if)#exit

Branch(config)#int fa0/0

Branch(config-if)#ip add 172.168.1.2255.255.255.0

Branch(config-if)#no sh

Branch(config-if)#exit

Branch(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0172.168.1.1 //回程路由

Internet配置：

Internet#conf t

Internet(config)#int lo0

Internet(config-if)#ip add 10.10.10.10255.255.255.0

Internet(config-if)#exit

Internet(config)#int s0/0

Internet(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Internet(config-if)#ip add 202.100.100.2255.255.255.0

Internet(config-if)#no sh

Internet(config-if)#exit

Internet(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0202.100.100.1 //回程路由

完毕以上基本配置后R1上执行多种路由协议。它能够与全部网络互通。是网络上的边界路由。此时在它之上使用路由重分布功能。就能够实现各路由协议交换路由信息。以下開始

第一向R2的RIP协议注入静态路由、默认路由、直连路由、EIGRP、OSPF、ISIS,在向RIP区域重分布路由的时候。必须指定度量值。否则由于注入的路由度量值会变成无穷大而无法增加路由表，因此必须手工指定metric值，注意RIP的metric不能大于15。由于RIP最大跳数为16，能够通过"default-metric"设置默认种子度量值，仅仅有重分布静态路由或默认路由能够不指定种子度量值。

R1#conf t

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默认路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute static//注入静态路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute connectedmetric 6 //注入直连路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1 metric 3//注入EIGRP路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 4//注入OSPF路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute isis level-1-2 metric 5//注入ISIS路由

R2#sh ip rou //此时R2路由表变化。

注意路由代码为"R"的metric值；

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route、

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.12.1to network 0.0.0.0

C   192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R      1.1.1.0 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0

R   192.168.13.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C      2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R   192.168.14.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0

R   3.0.0.0/8 [120/3] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0

R   192.168.15.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R      4.4.4.4 [120/4] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

R   202.100.100.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R      5.5.5.0 [120/5] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

R      172.168.1.0 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

R      172.168.100.0 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

R*  0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

第二向R3的EIGRP路由协议注入静态路由、默认路由、直连路由、RIP、OSPF、ISIS，由于重分布到EIGRP的路由管理距离会变成无限大，所以必须手工分别设置带宽、延迟、可靠性、负载以及MTU的參数值。在"Redistribute"命令中用參数"metric"指定的种子度量值优先于在路由模式下使用"default-metric命令设定的默认的种子度量值".注意静态、默认、直连不须要指定metric值

R1#conf t

R1(config)#router eigrp1

R1(config-router)#redistribute static //注入静态和默认路由,或使用network0.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#redistributeconnected//注入直连路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute ripmetric 1000 100 255 1 1500 //注入rip路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1metric 1000 100 255 1 1500//注入OSPF路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute isislevel-1-2 metric 1000 100 255 1 1500//注入ISIS路由

R3#sh ip rou //R3路由表。重分布的路由代码为"D EX"

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.13.1to network 0.0.0.0

D EX 192.168.12.0/24 [170/307200] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX   1.1.1.0 [170/409600] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

C   192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX   2.2.2.0 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:11:03, Ethernet0/0

D EX 192.168.14.0/24 [170/307200] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C      3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0

D      3.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 01:24:53, Null0

D EX 192.168.15.0/24 [170/307200] via 192.168.13.1,00:00:05, Ethernet0/0

4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX   4.4.4.4 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:09:40, Ethernet0/0

D EX 202.100.100.0/24 [170/2195456] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX   5.5.5.0 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:09:15, Ethernet0/0

172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

D EX   172.168.1.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0

D EX   172.168.100.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.13.1, 00:20:35, Ethernet0/0

D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 [170/2195456] via192.168.13.1, 00:20:35, Ethernet0/0

第三向R4的OSPF路由协议注入静态路由、默认路由、直连路由、RIP、EIGRP、ISIS。重公布时管理距离为110且Metric为20，当然可也以通过"metric-type"设置类型，或者"metric"參数设置外部路径成本。注意在向ospf重公布是须要加上subnets。否则仅仅重公布主类网

R1#conf t

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默认路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute connectedsubnets//注入直连路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute staticsubnets//注入静态路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute ripsubnets//注入RIP路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1subnets//注入EIGRP路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute isislevel-1-2 subnets//注入ISIS路由

R4#ship rou//重分布进OSPF的路由被路由器R4学到，代码为"O E2"，

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.14.1to network 0.0.0.0

O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:00, Ethernet0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2   1.1.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:50, Ethernet0/0

O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:00, Ethernet0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2   2.2.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:09:33, Ethernet0/0

C   192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

O E2 3.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:08:47, Ethernet0/0

O E2 192.168.15.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:01, Ethernet0/0

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C      4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O E2 202.100.100.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:01, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2   5.5.5.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:08:10, Ethernet0/0

172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

O E2   172.168.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:53, Ethernet0/0

O E2   172.168.100.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:18, Ethernet0/0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.14.1,00:11:58, Ethernet0/0

第四向R5的ISIS路由协议注入静态路由、默认路由、直连路由、RIP、EIGRP、ISIS。重公布时管理距离为115且Metric为10。当把其他路由协议重分发到isis中时。必须使用level-2类型.默认就是Level-2

R1#conf t

R1(config)#router isis

R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默认路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute static//注入静态路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute connected//注入直连路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute rip//注入RIP路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1//注入OSPF路由

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1//注入EIGRP路由

R5#sh ip rou //R5的路由表

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.15.1to network 0.0.0.0

i L2 192.168.12.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L2   1.1.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

i L2 192.168.13.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L2   2.2.2.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

i L2 192.168.14.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

i L2 3.0.0.0/8 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

C   192.168.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L2   4.4.4.4 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

i L2 202.100.100.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C      5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

i L2   172.168.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

i L2    172.168.100.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1,Ethernet0/0

i*L2 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

实验二、多点多向路由重公布

R2配置：（边界路由）

R2#conft

R2(config)#inte0/0

R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.21.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#nosh

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#inte0/1

R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#nosh

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#inte0/2

R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.25.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#nosh

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#inte0/3

R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.26.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#iprouter isis

R2(config-if)#nosh

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#routerrip

R2(config-router)#ver2

R2(config-router)#noau

R2(config-router)#net192.168.21.0

R2(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#routereigrp 1

R2(config-router)#net192.168.24.0

R2(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#routerospf 1

R2(config-router)#net192.168.25.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

R2(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#routerisis

R2(config-router)#net49.0001.2222.2222.2222.00

R2(config-router)#exit

R3配置（边界路由器）

R3#conft

R3(config)#inte0/0

R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.31.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#nosh

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#inte0/1

R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#nosh

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#inte0/2

R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.35.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#nosh

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#inte0/3

R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.36.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#iprouter isis

R3(config-if)#nosh

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#routerrip

R3(config-router)#ver2

R3(config-router)#noau

R3(config-router)#net192.168.31.0

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#routereigrp 1

R3(config-router)#net192.168.34.0

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#routerospf 1

R3(config-router)#net192.168.35.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#routerisis

R3(config-router)#net49.0001.3333.3333.3333.00

R3(config-router)#exit

R1配置（rip路由协议）

R1#conft

R1(config)#inte0/0

R1(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.21.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#nosh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#inte0/1

R1(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#nosh

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config-if)#ipadd 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#routerrip

R1(config-router)#ver2

R1(config-router)#noau

R1(config-router)#net192.168.21.0

R1(config-router)#noau

R1(config-router)#net192.168.31.0

R1(config-router)#net1.1.1.0

R4配置（eigrp路由）

R4#conft

R4(config)#inte0/0

R4(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.24.4 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#nosh

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#inte0/1

R4(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#nosh

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#routereigrp 1

R4(config-router)#net192.168.34.0

R4(config-router)#net192.168.24.0

第一向R1的RIP路由协议注入EIGRP、OSPF、ISIS

R2#conft

R2(config)#routerrip

R2(config-router)#default-metric4

R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1

R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1

R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

R3#conft

R3(config)#routerrip

R3(config-router)#default-metric4

R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1

R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1

R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

第二向R4的EIGRP路由协议注入RIP、OSPF、ISIS

R2#conft

R2(config)#routereigrp 1

R2(config-router)#default-metric1000 2500 255 1 1500

R2(config-router)#redistributerip

R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1

R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

R3#conft

R3(config)#routereigrp 1

R3(config-router)#default-metric1000 2500 255 1 1500

R3(config-router)#redistributerip

R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1

R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

第三向R5的OSPF路由协议中注入RIP、EIGRP、ISIS

R2#conft

R2(config)#routerospf 1

R2(config-router)#redistributerip subnets

R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 subnets

R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2 subnets

R3#conft

R3(config)#routerospf 1

R3(config-router)#redistributerip subnets

R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 subnets

R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2 subnets

第四向R6的ISIS路由协议注入RIP、EIGRP、OSPF

R2#conf t

R2(config)#routerisis

R2(config-router)#redistributerip level-2

R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 level-2

R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1 level-2

R3#conft

R3(config-router)#redistributerip level-2

R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 level-2

R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1 level-2

先查看R2和R3的路由表，留意红色标记的路由。事实上并非最佳路由，也就是说出现了次优路由。

R2#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o- ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L2    1.1.1.0 [115/20] via192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3

O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5, 00:15:21,Ethernet0/2

C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.24.4,01:46:16, Ethernet0/1

C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.25.5,00:15:21, Ethernet0/2

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

i L1192.168.36.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3

D    192.168.34.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.24.4, 01:46:19, Ethernet0/1

O    192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5,00:15:25, Ethernet0/2

R3#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D- EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    1.1.1.0 [110/20] via192.168.35.5, 00:23:48, Ethernet0/2

C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

O    192.168.25.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5,00:23:48, Ethernet0/2

D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.34.4,01:54:22, Ethernet0/1

D    192.168.24.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.34.4, 01:54:22, Ethernet0/1

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.35.5,00:23:48, Ethernet0/2

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2   6.6.6.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:23:50, Ethernet0/2

i L1192.168.26.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6, Ethernet0/3

O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:23:50,Ethernet0/2

C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

分析：在单点重分发下似乎没有这样的情况，这是由于发往一个方向的路由不会被重分发回来。可是在多点双向时情况就不同了，自己分发出去的路由会被还有一个协议重分发回来的。

假设AD值高的路由协议向AD值低的路由协议中重分发，就会产生次优路由，路由环路等问题，反之。AD值低的路由协议向AD高的路由协议重分发，就不会发生这个问题。注意发生错误在边界路由器上。此时就要使用路由策略来解决，方法例如以下

路由过滤不让产生环路的路由条目进入我这台路由器，这样也就不会产生次优路径了
改动管理距离AD 把次优路由条目的AD值调高，高到路由器即便看到两条路由条目去往同一目的地。也不会把次优路由写入路由表。

这样的方法比前一种好在假设最佳路径down了，次优路由变成备份路由使用。

这里我们改动管理距离，然后再次查看每一个路由器的路由表，注意R1、R4、R5、R6间的负载均衡。

R2#conf t

R2(config)#routerrip

R2(config-router)#distance111 //改动RIP外部路由的管理距离。使小于ISIS、ospf 、Eigrp

R2(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#routerospf 1

R2(config-router)#distanceospf external 170 //改动OSPF的管理距离大于isis 和rip。等于eigrp

R3#conf t

R3(config)#routerrip

R3(config-router)#distance111

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#routerospf 1

R3(config-router)#distanceospf external 170

R2#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o- ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       1.1.1.0 [111/1] via 192.168.21.1,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.31.0/24 [111/1] via 192.168.21.1,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.24.4,00:00:04, Ethernet0/1

C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.25.5,00:00:04, Ethernet0/2

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

i L1192.168.36.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3

D    192.168.34.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.24.4, 00:00:08, Ethernet0/1

O    192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5,00:00:08, Ethernet0/2

R3#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       1.1.1.0 [111/1] via 192.168.31.1,00:00:00, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

O    192.168.25.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5,00:00:01, Ethernet0/2

D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.34.4,00:00:01, Ethernet0/1

D    192.168.24.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.34.4, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/1

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.35.5,00:00:01, Ethernet0/2

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6,Ethernet0/3

i L1192.168.26.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6, Ethernet0/3

R    192.168.21.0/24 [111/1] via 192.168.31.1,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3

C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

R1#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

R    192.168.25.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R    4.0.0.0/8 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.24.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       5.5.5.5 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:22, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:16, Ethernet0/0

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       6.6.6.0 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.26.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1

C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.36.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.34.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0

R    192.168.35.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1

[120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0

R4#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

DEX    1.1.1.0 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:07, Ethernet0/0

D EX192.168.31.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/0

D EX192.168.25.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/0

4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks

C       4.4.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0

D       4.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:00:09, Null0

C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

DEX    5.5.5.5 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:09, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:09, Ethernet0/0

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

DEX    6.6.6.0 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:10, Ethernet0/0

D EX192.168.26.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1

D EX192.168.21.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0

D EX192.168.36.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

D EX192.168.35.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1

[170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0

R5# ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

OE2    1.1.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3,00:00:02, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

O E2192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

O E24.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

O E2192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

OE2    6.6.6.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3,00:00:06, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0

O E2192.168.26.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1

O E2192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0

O E2192.168.36.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/0

O E2192.168.34.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1

[110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

R6#ship rou

Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute

Gatewayof last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

iL2    1.1.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3,Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

i L2192.168.31.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

i L2192.168.25.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

i L24.0.0.0/8 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

i L2192.168.24.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

iL2    5.5.5.5 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3,Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       6.6.6.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0

i L2192.168.21.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

i L2192.168.34.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

i L2192.168.35.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1

[115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0

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