CMake入门指南
通过编写CMakeLists.txt,可以控制生成的Makefile,从而控制编译过程。CMake自动生成的Makefile不仅可以通过make命令构建项目生成目标文件,还支持安装(make install)、测试安装的程序是否能正确执行(make test,或者ctest)、生成当前平台的安装包(make package)、生成源码包(make package_source)、产生Dashboard显示数据并上传等高级功能,只要在CMakeLists.txt中简单配置,就可以完成很多复杂的功能,包括写测试用例。
CMake使用步骤:
cmake-2.8.1-win32-x86\bin\cmake-gui.exe
执行Configure:
运行之后,生成了如下文件:
生成Makefile:
执行Generate之后生成如下文件:
http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/cmake_tutorial.html
简单的程序编译。
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step1\build3>make
Linking CXX executable Tutorial.exe
[100%] Built target Tutorial
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step1\build3>Tutorial.exe
Tutorial.exe Version 1.0
Usage: Tutorial.exe number
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step1\build3>Tutorial.exe 4
The square root of 4 is 2
2、Step2
把子目录编译为库,并且链接到最终的可执行文件。
add_subdirectory (MathFunctions) # 使得子目录MathFunctions也能被编译
# add the executable
add_executable (Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
target_link_libraries (Tutorial MathFunctions)
产生makefile:
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step2\build>make
[ 50%] Building CXX object MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MathFunctions.dir/mysqrt.cxx
.obj
Linking CXX static library libMathFunctions.a
[ 50%] Built target MathFunctions
Linking CXX executable Tutorial.exe
[100%] Built target Tutorial
3、Step3
macro (do_test arg result)
add_test (TutorialComp${arg} Tutorial ${arg})
set_tests_properties (TutorialComp${arg}
PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (25 "25 is 5")
do_test (-25 "-25 is 0")
执行make install:
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step3\build>make install
[ 50%] "Built target MathFunctions"
[100%] "Built target Tutorial"
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: C:/Program Files/Tutorial/bin/Tutorial.exe
-- Installing: C:/Program Files/Tutorial/include/TutorialConfig.h
-- Installing: C:/Program Files/Tutorial/bin/libMathFunctions.a
-- Installing: C:/Program Files/Tutorial/include/MathFunctions.h
安装结果:
C:\Program Files\Tutorial>tree /f
C:.
├─bin
│ libMathFunctions.a
│ Tutorial.exe
│
└─include
MathFunctions.h
TutorialConfig.h
执行make test:
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step3\build>make test
Running tests...
Test project D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutorial/Step3/build
Start 1: TutorialRuns
1/5 Test #1: TutorialRuns ..................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 2: TutorialComp25
2/5 Test #2: TutorialComp25 ................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 3: TutorialNegative
3/5 Test #3: TutorialNegative ................. Passed 0.01 sec
Start 4: TutorialSmall
4/5 Test #4: TutorialSmall .................... Passed 0.00 sec
Start 5: TutorialUsage
5/5 Test #5: TutorialUsage .................... Passed 0.00 sec
修改一个测试用例,让它不过:
修改顶层CMakeLists.txt,然后重新Configure和Generate,然后make test即可看到结果。
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step3\build>make test
Running tests...
Test project D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutorial/Step3/build
Start 1: TutorialRuns
1/5 Test #1: TutorialRuns ..................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 2: TutorialComp25
2/5 Test #2: TutorialComp25 ...................***Failed Required regular expre
ssion not found.Regex=[25 is 3
] 0.01 sec
Start 3: TutorialNegative
3/5 Test #3: TutorialNegative ................. Passed 0.01 sec
Start 4: TutorialSmall
4/5 Test #4: TutorialSmall .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 5: TutorialUsage
5/5 Test #5: TutorialUsage .................... Passed 0.01 sec
2 - TutorialComp25 (Failed)
Errors while running CTest
make: *** [test] Error 8
4、Step4
检查方法:
# does this system provide the log and exp functions?
include (CheckFunctionExists.cmake)
check_function_exists (log HAVE_LOG)
check_function_exists (exp HAVE_EXP)
(2)修改.in文件,定义宏。(修改TutorialConfig.h.in,cmake执行中会把宏定义为合适的值,生成TurorialConfig.h,供编译时使用)
// does the platform provide exp and log functions?
#cmakedefine HAVE_LOG
#cmakedefine HAVE_EXP
#if defined (HAVE_LOG) && defined (HAVE_EXP)
result = exp(log(x)*0.5);
#else // otherwise use an iterative approach
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step5\build>make
Scanning dependencies of target MakeTable
[ 25%] Building CXX object MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/MakeTable.cxx.
obj
Linking CXX executable MakeTable.exe
[ 25%] "Built target MakeTable"
[ 50%] Generating Table.h
'.' 不是内部或外部命令,也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。
make[2]: *** [MathFunctions/Table.h] Error 1
make[1]: *** [MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MathFunctions.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
问题分析:
MakeTable: cmake_check_build_system
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 MakeTable
.PHONY : MakeTable
再看Makefile2文件,找到出错时正在编译的目标。
MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/build.make MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/depend
$(MAKE) -f MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/build.make MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/build
$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_report D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutorial/Step5/build/CMakeFiles 1
@echo "Built target MakeTable"
.PHONY : MathFunctions/CMakeFiles/MakeTable.dir/all
Make规则的执行顺序是按照命令的先后顺序:
echo "First line."
echo "Second line."
那么make结果:
D:\Users\Desktop>make
echo "First line."
First line.
echo "Second line."
Second line.
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step6\build>make package
[ 50%] "Built target MathFunctions"
[100%] "Built target Tutorial"
Run CPack packaging tool...
CPack Error: Cannot find NSIS registry value. This is usually caused by NSIS not
being installed. Please install NSIS from http://nsis.sourceforge.net
CPack Error: Cannot initialize the generator NSIS
make: *** [package] Error 1
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step6\build>make package
[ 50%] "Built target MathFunctions"
[100%] "Built target Tutorial"
Run CPack packaging tool...
CPack: Create package using NSIS
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: Tutorial
CPack: - Install project: Tutorial
CPack: Compress package
CPack: Finalize package
CPack: Package D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutorial/Step6/build/T
utorial-1.0.1-win32.exe generated.
D:\Projects\Lab\testngpp\cmake-2.8.1\Tests\Tutorial\Step6\build>make package_sou
rce
Run CPack packaging tool for source...
CPack Error: Cannot find a suitable ZIP program
CPack Error: Cannot initialize the generator ZIP
make: *** [package_source] Error 1
ental
Site: JELLY-PC2
Build name: Win32-make
Create new tag: 20100521-1833 - Experimental
Configure project
Each . represents 1024 bytes of output
. Size of output: 0K
Build project
Each symbol represents 1024 bytes of output.
'!' represents an error and '*' a warning.
. Size of output: 0K
0 Compiler errors
0 Compiler warnings
Test project D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutorial/Step7/build
Start 1: TutorialRuns
1/9 Test #1: TutorialRuns ..................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 2: TutorialUsage
2/9 Test #2: TutorialUsage .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 3: TutorialComp4
3/9 Test #3: TutorialComp4 .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 4: TutorialComp9
4/9 Test #4: TutorialComp9 .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 5: TutorialComp5
5/9 Test #5: TutorialComp5 .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 6: TutorialComp7
6/9 Test #6: TutorialComp7 .................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 7: TutorialComp25
7/9 Test #7: TutorialComp25 ................... Passed 0.01 sec
Start 8: TutorialComp-25
8/9 Test #8: TutorialComp-25 .................. Passed 0.01 sec
Start 9: TutorialComp0.0001
9/9 Test #9: TutorialComp0.0001 ............... Passed 0.01 sec
100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 9
Total Test time (real) = 0.19 sec
Performing coverage
Cannot find any coverage files. Ignoring Coverage request.
Submit files (using http)
Using HTTP submit method
Drop site:http://
Error when uploading file: D:/Projects/Lab/testngpp/cmake-2.8.1/Tests/Tutoria
l/Step7/build/Testing/20100521-1833/Build.xml
Error message was: couldn't connect to host
Problems when submitting via HTTP
Errors while running CTest
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