解决Win8.1 / Win Server 2012 r2 下安装 Visual Studio 时一直要求重新启动的问题（原创）

注：本文为作者原创文章，转载于引用请注明出处，谢谢。

今天在x64的英文版Windows Server 2012 r2上安装最新版的 Visual Studio 2015 Exterprise 时，提示需要重新启动：

于是我restart了N次，可还是不行，在网上进行搜索，发现能在日志文件中找到原因，日志文件在C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Temp中，或者直接在安装界面点“日志文件”进入。

参考日志文件的Condition（环境检查）部分：

 　　[0A60:][--10T18::]i000: MUX:  Failed to download the update xml file from http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=500683 Setup will not be updated.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (WindowsBuildNumber < 9600)' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition 'CompatibilityMode = 0' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition 'NOT((VersionNT > v6.1) OR (VersionNT = v6.1 AND ServicePackLevel >= 1))' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '(NOT IsLanguagePack) AND ( CurrentOperation = "Install" ) AND ( FLP_Version > v14.0.22823 )' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition 'RebootPending = 1' evaluates to true.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition 'NOT (IEsvcVersionExists) OR (IEsvcVersion < v10.0)' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '(VersionNT < v6.2) AND ((NetworkAvailable = 0) OR (DisableRootAutoUpdate = 1)) AND NOT ((MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011AuthRootExists) AND (MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010AuthRootExists))' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND EnterpriseExists )' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND UltimateExists )' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND NOT EnterpriseExists AND ProfessionalExists)' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (KB2919355_amd64_CurrentState <> 112 AND KB2919355_x86_CurrentState <> 112)' evaluates to false.
    [0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition '(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (netfxfullredist_43_DetectKey < v4.5.22816)' evaluates to false.

发现当VS进行安装前的环境检查时，当结果为 false 时代表检查通过，结果为 true 时代表没有通过安装环境检查。

日志中显示没有通过检查的有：

[0A60:][--10T18::]i052: Condition 'RebootPending = 1' evaluates to true.

这个'RebootPending = 1'代表系统需要重启，可问题是：我重启了之后RebootPending还是等于1，这就是问题之所在。

于是，在网上寻找各种关于'RebootPending = 1'的解决方案，归结于以下几种：

1. 重启直接选择 restart 而不是 shut down 再开机。
2. 关闭系统的休眠功能：管理员模式运行命令行，输入powercfg.exe /hibernate off 进行关闭休眠。关闭休眠后等于关闭了 win8 及以上系统的快速启动功能，这样能使得系统能真正地重启，而不是休眠之后快速启动。
3. 在注册表中将键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates\UpdateExeVolatile 设为0；将键 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\PendingFileRenameOperations 删除。

在尝试以上方法之后，有可能解决一部分人的问题，可偏偏我就是另外一部分，特别是连键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates\UpdateExeVolatile 都找不到。

网上能找的都找了，花了好几个小时，没办法，只能换一种思路：

---

 新思路：既然你要检查系统是否需要重新启动，那我是否能伪造一种不需要重新启动的状态给你看？

于是寻找目前检查系统重启状态的方法，发现如下方案：

https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/heyscriptingguy/2014/10/15/use-powershell-dsc-to-check-pending-reboot/

以及它的参考：

https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Get-PendingReboot-Query-bdb79542

其中使用的是 Windows power shell 对注册表进行读取、判断，从而确定 RebootPending 的值。代码如下：

Function Get-PendingReboot
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Gets the pending reboot status on a local or remote computer. 

.DESCRIPTION
    This function will query the registry on a local or remote computer and determine if the
    system is pending a reboot, from either Microsoft Patching or a Software Installation.
    For Windows 2008+ the function will query the CBS registry key as another factor in determining
    pending reboot state.  "PendingFileRenameOperations" and "Auto Update\RebootRequired" are observed
    as being consistant across Windows Server 2003 & 2008. 

    CBServicing = Component Based Servicing (Windows 2008)
    WindowsUpdate = Windows Update / Auto Update (Windows 2003 / 2008)
    CCMClientSDK = SCCM 2012 Clients only (DetermineIfRebootPending method) otherwise $null value
    PendFileRename = PendingFileRenameOperations (Windows 2003 / 2008) 

.PARAMETER ComputerName
    A single Computer or an array of computer names.  The default is localhost ($env:COMPUTERNAME). 

.PARAMETER ErrorLog
    A single path to send error data to a log file. 

.EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot -ComputerName (Get-Content C:\ServerList.txt) | Format-Table -AutoSize 

    Computer CBServicing WindowsUpdate CCMClientSDK PendFileRename PendFileRenVal RebootPending
    -------- ----------- ------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- -------------
    DC01     False   False           False      False
    DC02     False   False           False      False
    FS01     False   False           False      False 

    This example will capture the contents of C:\ServerList.txt and query the pending reboot
    information from the systems contained in the file and display the output in a table. The
    null values are by design, since these systems do not have the SCCM 2012 client installed,
    nor was the PendingFileRenameOperations value populated. 

.EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot 

    Computer     : WKS01
    CBServicing  : False
    WindowsUpdate      : True
    CCMClient    : False
    PendComputerRename : False
    PendFileRename     : False
    PendFileRenVal     :
    RebootPending      : True 

    This example will query the local machine for pending reboot information. 

.EXAMPLE
    PS C:\> $Servers = Get-Content C:\Servers.txt
    PS C:\> Get-PendingReboot -Computer $Servers | Export-Csv C:\PendingRebootReport.csv -NoTypeInformation 

    This example will create a report that contains pending reboot information. 

.LINK
    Component-Based Servicing:
    http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc756291(v=WS.10).aspx 

    PendingFileRename/Auto Update:
    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2723674
    http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc960241.aspx
    http://blogs.msdn.com/b/hansr/archive/2006/02/17/patchreboot.aspx 

    SCCM 2012/CCM_ClientSDK:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj902723.aspx 

.NOTES
    Author:  Brian Wilhite
    Email:   bcwilhite (at) live.com
    Date:    29AUG2012
    PSVer:   2.0/3.0/4.0/5.0
    Updated: 01DEC2014
    UpdNote: Added CCMClient property - Used with SCCM 2012 Clients only
       Added ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true to the ComputerName Parameter
       Removed $Data variable from the PSObject - it is not needed
       Bug with the way CCMClientSDK returned null value if it was false
       Removed unneeded variables
       Added PendFileRenVal - Contents of the PendingFileRenameOperations Reg Entry
       Removed .Net Registry connection, replaced with WMI StdRegProv
       Added ComputerPendingRename
#> 

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
  [Parameter(Position=0,ValueFromPipeline=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)]
  [Alias("CN","Computer")]
  [String[]]$ComputerName="$env:COMPUTERNAME",
  [String]$ErrorLog
  ) 

Begin {  }## End Begin Script Block
Process {
  Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
  Try {
      ## Setting pending values to false to cut down on the number of else statements
      $CompPendRen,$PendFileRename,$Pending,$SCCM = $false,$false,$false,$false 

      ## Setting CBSRebootPend to null since not all versions of Windows has this value
      $CBSRebootPend = $null 

      ## Querying WMI for build version
      $WMI_OS = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -Property BuildNumber, CSName -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Stop 

      ## Making registry connection to the local/remote computer
      $HKLM = [UInt32] "0x80000002"
      $WMI_Reg = [WMIClass] "\\$Computer\root\default:StdRegProv" 

      ## If Vista/2008 & Above query the CBS Reg Key
      If ([Int32]$WMI_OS.BuildNumber -ge 6001) {
        $RegSubKeysCBS = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing\")
        $CBSRebootPend = $RegSubKeysCBS.sNames -contains "RebootPending"
      } 

      ## Query WUAU from the registry
      $RegWUAURebootReq = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update\")
      $WUAURebootReq = $RegWUAURebootReq.sNames -contains "RebootRequired" 

      ## Query PendingFileRenameOperations from the registry
      $RegSubKeySM = $WMI_Reg.GetMultiStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\","PendingFileRenameOperations")
      $RegValuePFRO = $RegSubKeySM.sValue 

      ## Query ComputerName and ActiveComputerName from the registry
      $ActCompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ActiveComputerName\","ComputerName")
      $CompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName\","ComputerName")
      If ($ActCompNm -ne $CompNm) {
    $CompPendRen = $true
      } 

      ## If PendingFileRenameOperations has a value set $RegValuePFRO variable to $true
      If ($RegValuePFRO) {
        $PendFileRename = $true
      } 

      ## Determine SCCM 2012 Client Reboot Pending Status
      ## To avoid nested 'if' statements and unneeded WMI calls to determine if the CCM_ClientUtilities class exist, setting EA = 0
      $CCMClientSDK = $null
      $CCMSplat = @{
    NameSpace='ROOT\ccm\ClientSDK'
    Class='CCM_ClientUtilities'
    Name='DetermineIfRebootPending'
    ComputerName=$Computer
    ErrorAction='Stop'
      }
      ## Try CCMClientSDK
      Try {
    $CCMClientSDK = Invoke-WmiMethod @CCMSplat
      } Catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException] {
    $CcmStatus = Get-Service -Name CcmExec -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    If ($CcmStatus.Status -ne 'Running') {
        Write-Warning "$Computer`: Error - CcmExec service is not running."
        $CCMClientSDK = $null
    }
      } Catch {
    $CCMClientSDK = $null
      } 

      If ($CCMClientSDK) {
    If ($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue -ne 0) {
      Write-Warning "Error: DetermineIfRebootPending returned error code $($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue)"
        }
        If ($CCMClientSDK.IsHardRebootPending -or $CCMClientSDK.RebootPending) {
      $SCCM = $true
        }
      } 

      Else {
    $SCCM = $null
      } 

      ## Creating Custom PSObject and Select-Object Splat
      $SelectSplat = @{
    Property=(
        'Computer',
        'CBServicing',
        'WindowsUpdate',
        'CCMClientSDK',
        'PendComputerRename',
        'PendFileRename',
        'PendFileRenVal',
        'RebootPending'
    )}
      New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
    Computer=$WMI_OS.CSName
    CBServicing=$CBSRebootPend
    WindowsUpdate=$WUAURebootReq
    CCMClientSDK=$SCCM
    PendComputerRename=$CompPendRen
    PendFileRename=$PendFileRename
    PendFileRenVal=$RegValuePFRO
    RebootPending=($CompPendRen -or $CBSRebootPend -or $WUAURebootReq -or $SCCM -or $PendFileRename)
      } | Select-Object @SelectSplat 

  } Catch {
      Write-Warning "$Computer`: $_"
      ## If $ErrorLog, log the file to a user specified location/path
      If ($ErrorLog) {
    Out-File -InputObject "$Computer`,$_" -FilePath $ErrorLog -Append
      }
  }
  }## End Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName)
}## End Process 

End {  }## End End 

}## End Function Get-PendingReboot

发现其对一下几个主键进行读取：

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing\RebootPending

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update\RebootRequired

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\PendingFileRenameOperations

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ActiveComputerName\ComputerName

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName\ComputerName 

于是我开始寻找这些主键：

• 第一个没找到，尝试删除之下的 SessionsPending ，被拒绝；
• 找到了第二个对应的 RebootRequired ，里头有东西，备份后删除之；
• 找到第三个对应的 PendingFileRenameOperations ，同样删除之；

没有重启的情况下尝试重新安装，成功进入安装环节！

吁~忙了一下午，终于搞定！

此时联想到之前装完系统更新时提示要重启，可后来重启过后还是要求重启，当时也没注意，没想到又给碰上了，真是缘分！

到此为止，事情可远远没有结束，明天用VS调试CEC2014程序导致MATLAB调用func19~30崩溃的问题，估计又得一整天了……还有POWELL法和DE的结合测试，想着就头皮发麻……自己选的路，喊着泪也得走下去哇

最后，原此篇文章能帮到更多的人！