portal、portlet、portlet容器三个概念

什么是portal

Portlet规范中是这样定义portal的：

A portal is a web based application that –commonly- provides personalization, authentication,, content aggregation from different sources and hosts the presentation layer of Information Systems.

A portal is a web based application that –commonly- provides personalization, authentication,, content aggregation from different sources and hosts the presentation layer of Information Systems.

Portal是一个基于web的提供个性化、登录授权、从不同的数据源聚集内容基于展现层的信息系统。具体到J2EE领域，portal大多数情况是一个符合J2EE标准的ear包工程。

什么是portlet

规范中式这样定义portlet的：

A portlet is an application that provides a specific piece of content (information or service) to be included as part of a portal page. It is managed by a portlet container, that processes requests and generates dynamic content

A portlet is an application that provides a specific piece of content (information or service) to be included as part of a portal page. It is managed by a portlet container, that processes requests and generates dynamic content

一个Portlet是一个基于java技术的被portlet容器管理的web组建，它可以处理requests、生成动态的内容输出，一个portlet负责提供portal 页面中的某个特定部位的展现内容。

与servlet同样，portlet的生命周期是被portlet容器来管理的。Portlet生成的内容也可以称作fragment，这些多个portlet生成的多个fragment会被portal聚集（aggregate）在一起展现。不同用户看到的portlet可能不同，这依赖于不同用户对使用portlet的配置。

什么是portlet容器

规范中式这样定义portlet容器的

A portlet container runs portlets and provides them with the required runtime environment. A portlet container contains portlets and manages their lifecycle. It also provides persistent storage for portlet preferences. A portlet container receives requests from the portal to execute requests on the portlets hosted by it.

A portlet container runs portlets and provides them with the required runtime environment. A portlet container contains portlets and manages their lifecycle. It also provides persistent storage for portlet preferences. A portlet container receives requests from the portal to execute requests on the portlets hosted by it.

Portlet容器提供portlet生命周期环境，管理portlet的生命周期，还提供portlet preferences的持久化支持，portlet从portal接受请求，然后分发给运行其上的portlet。

Portlet不负责聚集portlet生成的内容，这是portal责任。根据中间件厂商的实现方式portlet容器与portal可以放在一个application中实现，也可以放在两个不同的application中实现。

三者关系

下面是以一个用户使用web客户端来与portal交互的用力，描述portlet、portlet容器、portal三者关系、责任：

1.web客户端通过http 来对portal发起request请求

2.request请求被portal就收到

3.portal分析这个请求是否需要与portlet进行交互

4.如果需要，则portal通知portlet容器调用portlet处理交互

5.Portal通过portlet容器得到portlet返回的fragments

6.Portal聚集portlet产生的fragments，生成最终的页面，返回给web客户端