在CentOS 7上搭建Docker环境
Preface
We commonly use VMware or VirtualBox to install our Virtual Machines before.For the sake of creating a simple testing environment with less resources.I consider to implement a MySQL db server relies on docker which can help you saving your time when developing code or something else.
Introduce
What's docker?There're two concept you should first try to understand,image & container(like an iso file,put all kinds of different tools in it,then manage the by containner).You're supposed to package your applications(or indispensable software in your dev environment) to a container.Whenever you need a second evironment to install same softwares or dependent packages,only one thing that you migrate the image to it is neccessary.It's rather simple and efficient by using docker.
Procedure
Let's install docker and then implement a MySQL server on it,here we go.
###Create a docker host named "docker" by vagrant.###
$ vagrant up docker
Bringing machine 'docker' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> docker: Importing base box 'CentOS7'...
Progress: %
==> docker: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> docker: Setting the name of the VM: Vagrant_docker_1529333111553_95525
==> docker: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> docker: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> docker: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
docker: Adapter : nat
docker: Adapter : hostonly
==> docker: Forwarding ports...
docker: (guest) => (host) (adapter )
==> docker: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> docker: Booting VM...
==> docker: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
docker: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:
docker: SSH username: vagrant
docker: SSH auth method: private key
docker:
docker: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
docker: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
docker:
docker: Inserting generated public key within guest...
docker: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
docker: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> docker: Machine booted and ready!
==> docker: Checking for guest additions in VM...
docker: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
docker: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
docker: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
docker: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
docker: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
docker: your host and reload your VM.
docker:
docker: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.
docker: VirtualBox Version: 5.1
==> docker: Setting hostname...
==> docker: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
docker: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:
docker: SSH username: vagrant
docker: SSH auth method: private key
==> docker: Mounting shared folders...
docker: /vagrant => E:/Vagrant [root@docker ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
-- Omitted. Installed:
yum-utils.noarch :1.1.-.el7 Dependency Installed:
libxml2-python.x86_64 :2.9.-.el7_2. python-chardet.noarch :2.2.-.el7_1 python-kitchen.noarch :1.1.-.el7 Updated:
device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 :0.7.-.el7 lvm2.x86_64 :2.02.-.el7 Dependency Updated:
device-mapper.x86_64 :1.02.-.el7 device-mapper-event.x86_64 :1.02.-.el7 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 :1.02.-.el7
device-mapper-libs.x86_64 :1.02.-.el7 libxml2.x86_64 :2.9.-.el7_2. lvm2-libs.x86_64 :2.02.-.el7
python-urlgrabber.noarch :3.10-.el7 rpm.x86_64 :4.11.-.el7 rpm-build-libs.x86_64 :4.11.-.el7
rpm-libs.x86_64 :4.11.-.el7 rpm-python.x86_64 :4.11.-.el7 yum.noarch :3.4.-.el7.centos ###Add repo of docker of aliyun.###
[root@docker ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@docker ~]# ###Create metadata cache.###
[root@docker ~]# yum makecache fast
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB ::
docker-ce-stable | 2.9 kB ::
extras | 3.4 kB ::
updates | 3.4 kB ::
docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | kB ::
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
Metadata Cache Created ###Install docker from repo.###
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 :0.4.-.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 :0.7.-.el7 will be an update
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 :2.02.-.el7 will be updated
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 :2.02.-.el7 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: lvm2-libs = :2.02.-.el7 for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_97)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_141)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_138)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_135)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_133)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_128)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_113)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_110)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_107)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_104)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_103)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_101)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_100)(64bit) for package: :lvm2-2.02.-.el7.x86_64
---> Package yum-utils.noarch :1.1.-.el7 will be installed -- Omitted. Installed:
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.03..ce-.el7.centos -- The lastest version of docker CE is 18.03. Dependency Installed:
audit-libs-python.x86_64 :2.8.-.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 container-selinux.noarch :2.55-.el7
libcgroup.x86_64 :0.41-.el7 libseccomp.x86_64 :2.3.-.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 :2.5-.el7
libtool-ltdl.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7_3 lz4.x86_64 :1.7.-.el7 pigz.x86_64 :2.3.-.el7.centos
policycoreutils-python.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 python-IPy.noarch :0.75-.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 :3.3.-.el7 Updated:
centos-release.x86_64 :-5.1804.el7.centos. dracut.x86_64 :-.el7 initscripts.x86_64 :9.49.-.el7 Dependency Updated:
audit.x86_64 :2.8.-.el7 audit-libs.x86_64 :2.8.-.el7 dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 :-.el7
dracut-network.x86_64 :-.el7 glib2.x86_64 :2.54.-.el7 kmod.x86_64 :-.el7
libgudev1.x86_64 :-.el7 libselinux.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 :2.5-.el7
libselinux-python.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 libselinux-ruby.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 libselinux-utils.x86_64 :2.5-.el7
libsemanage.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 libsepol.x86_64 :2.5-8.1.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 :2.5-8.1.el7
policycoreutils.x86_64 :2.5-.el7 selinux-policy.noarch :3.13.-.el7_5. selinux-policy-targeted.noarch :3.13.-.el7_5.
systemd.x86_64 :-.el7 systemd-libs.x86_64 :-.el7 systemd-sysv.x86_64 :-.el7 Complete! ###Check docker detail version.###
[root@docker ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.03.-ce
API version: 1.37
Go version: go1.9.5
Git commit: 9ee9f40
Built: Thu Apr ::
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Orchestrator: swarm
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@docker ~]# ###Create a docker daemon config file.###
[root@docker docker]# pwd
/etc/docker
[root@docker docker]# vim daemon.json
[root@docker docker]# cat daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [ "https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
} ###Start docker service and list infomations.###
[root@docker docker]# systemctl start docker
[root@docker docker]# docker info
Containers:
Running:
Paused:
Stopped:
Images:
Server Version: 18.03.-ce
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-:--pool
Pool Blocksize: .54kB
Base Device Size: .74GB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Udev Sync Supported: true
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Data Space Used: .8MB
Data Space Total: .4GB
Data Space Available: .6GB
Metadata Space Used: .6kB
Metadata Space Total: .147GB
Metadata Space Available: .147GB
Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: .74GB
Deferred Removal Enabled: true
Deferred Deletion Enabled: true
Deferred Deleted Device Count:
Library Version: 1.02.-RHEL7 (--)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 773c489c9c1b21a6d78b5c538cd395416ec50f88
runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
init version: 949e6fa
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.-.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs:
Total Memory: .6MiB
Name: docker
ID: 4GY3:Q2FL:P4DD:HOFN:WFJZ:RDAV:GMJA:RDFF:VTAS:VW6D:TSC6:LCSC
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/
Registry Mirrors:
https://registry.docker-cn.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false WARNING: devicemapper: usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use.
Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled ###Load image of CentOS7.###
[root@docker docker]# docker image Usage: docker image COMMAND Manage images Options: Commands:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
history Show the history of an image
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls List images
prune Remove unused images
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm Remove one or more images
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@docker docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@docker docker]# cd /vagrant
[root@docker vagrant]# ls -l
total
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : centos-7.0-x86_64.box
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : epel-release-latest-.noarch.rpm
drwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : masterha
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Nov mha4mysql-manager-0.56-.el6.noarch.rpm
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Nov mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Nov mha4mysql-node-0.56-.el6.noarch.rpm
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Nov mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : MyFlash-master
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : MyFlash-master.zip
drwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant May : MySQL
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Mar : mysql-5.7.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : mysqlbinlog_flashback-master
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : mysqlbinlog_flashback-master.zip
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : pip-10.0..tar
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : PyMySQL-0.8..tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : Python-2.6..tar
drwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : setuptools-39.2.
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : setuptools-39.2..zip
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : Vagrantfile
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Apr : zabbix-3.0..tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx vagrant vagrant Jun : zst_centos7-.tar
[root@docker vagrant]# docker image load < zst_centos7-.tar
129b697f70e9: Loading layer [==================================================>] .1MB/.1MB
e17a43dfd99e: Loading layer [==================================================>] .09MB/.09MB
81230abc4426: Loading layer [==================================================>] .802MB/.802MB
a70f1502766b: Loading layer [==================================================>] .584kB/.584kB
4c4dfc844006: Loading layer [==================================================>] .656kB/.656kB
49fde8c22696: Loading layer [==================================================>] .144kB/.144kB
3fe67ade2cc6: Loading layer [==================================================>] .072kB/.072kB
eeb315c508b1: Loading layer [==================================================>] .82kB/.82kB
0439f8e04051: Loading layer [==================================================>] .704kB/.704kB
ec476b61f06f: Loading layer [==================================================>] .82kB/.82kB
9f752899cdce: Loading layer [==================================================>] .632kB/.632kB
027f1ff8b124: Loading layer [==================================================>] .584kB/.584kB
f9b50836c42f: Loading layer [==================================================>] .12kB/.12kB
2f68f3a1869a: Loading layer [==================================================>] .6kB/.6kB
61f05bc1691a: Loading layer [==================================================>] .2MB/.2MB
24d441f4dab8: Loading layer [==================================================>] .5kB/.5kB
Loaded image ID: sha256:7d0b68af5a06e04c2713dab89a293dc1b1dff5ccbaab8235e97cbc9cff7db2cb
[root@docker vagrant]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 7d0b68af5a06 days ago 694MB ###Add a tag for repository.###
[root@docker vagrant]# docker tag 7d0b68af5a06 CentOS7
Error parsing reference: "CentOS7" is not a valid repository/tag: invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase
[root@docker vagrant]# docker tag 7d0b68af5a06 centos7 - Change the repository name into lowercase.
[root@docker vagrant]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos7 latest 7d0b68af5a06 days ago 694MB
[root@docker vagrant]# ###Check whether there're running containers.###
[root@docker vagrant]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker vagrant]# ###Start a container with dependency of directory themselves.###
[root@docker vagrant]# mkdir mysql_soft
[root@docker vagrant]# mkdir data1
[root@docker vagrant]# docker run -d -v /vagrant/mysql_soft:/opt/mysql -v /vagrant/data1:/data -v /etc/hosts:/etc/hosts -p2222: --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --name node1 -h docker centos7
9ff260da9643d7b8243668699760d7a64d3f797a1cd2a9bc2562f11e9790dcc7
[root@docker vagrant]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root .4G .1G .3G % /
devtmpfs 488M 488M % /dev
tmpfs 497M 497M % /dev/shm
tmpfs 497M 6.7M 491M % /run
tmpfs 497M 497M % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 118M 379M % /boot
none 612G 243G 369G % /vagrant
tmpfs 100M 100M % /run/user/
/dev/dm- 10G 682M .4G % /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/mnt/fe5e6b5cf3f15ebcd2a1d0805919d1858b789b37a2f5d1c31af771072e812334
shm 64M 64M % /var/lib/docker/containers/9ff260da9643d7b8243668699760d7a64d3f797a1cd2a9bc2562f11e9790dcc7/mounts/shm
[root@docker vagrant]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ff260da9643 centos7 "/usr/bin/supervisor…" seconds ago Up seconds (healthy) 0.0.0.0:->/tcp node1 ###Check the IP of docker "node1".###
[root@docker vagrant]# docker inspect node1 | grep IPAddress
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", ###Login docker "node1".###
[root@docker vagrant]# ssh root@172.17.0.2
The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 1c:3a:::::1f:5b:6d::bf:0a:4d:df::cc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.17.0.2' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.17.0.2's password:
Last login: Wed Jun :: from 172.17.0.1
[root@docker ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/docker-:--fe5e6b5cf3f15ebcd2a1d0805919d1858b789b37a2f5d1c31af771072e812334 10G 682M .4G % /
tmpfs 64M 64M % /dev
tmpfs 497M 497M % /sys/fs/cgroup
none 612G 243G 369G % /data
/dev/mapper/centos-root .4G .1G .3G % /etc/hosts
shm 64M 64M % /dev/shm
tmpfs 497M 497M % /proc/scsi
tmpfs 497M 497M % /sys/firmware
Summary
- The docker has been installed properly.Now all the newly added container can share the contents and diskspace in directory "/vagrant" on host "docker".
- You don't need to to copy MySQL db software to each of your node anymore now.
- As soon as you copy a file to "/vagrant",it will appear in the container's dierctory "/opt/mysql" and the free diskspace depends on your diskspace of physical machine.Does it convenient?I'm afraid it really does.
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