selenium元素和浏览器操作

• click和clear

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.cn/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
input_tag = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'twotabsearchtextbox')))
input_tag.send_keys('iphone 8')
button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()
time.sleep(3)
input_tag = browser.find_element_by_id('twotabsearchtextbox')
input_tag.clear()  # 清空输入框
input_tag.send_keys('iphone7plus')
button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()

• ActionChains

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 3)
try:
    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  # 切换到iframeResult
    sourse = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
    target = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
    # 方式一：基于同一个动作链串行执行
    # actions=ActionChains(driver) #拿到动作链对象
    # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中，准备串行执行
    # actions.perform()
    # 方式二：不同的动作链，每次移动的位移都不同
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
    distance = target.location['x'] - sourse.location['x']
    track = 0
    while track < distance:
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()
        track += 2
    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

• 自定义JS

from selenium import webdriver
try:
    browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
    browser.execute_script('alert("hello world")')  # 打印警告
finally:
    browser.close()

• 切换iframe

from selenium import webdriver
try:
    browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
    browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  # 切换到id为iframeResult的frame
    tag1 = browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')
    print(tag1)
    # tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode') #报错，在子frame里无法查看到父frame的元素
    browser.switch_to.parent_frame()  # 切回父frame,就可以查找到了
    tag2 = browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode')
    print(tag2)
finally:
    browser.close()

• 显示等待和隐式等待
  • 隐式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就设置，针对所有元素有效

browser.implicitly_wait(10)

• 显式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）之后设置，只针对某个元素有效

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))

• 获取标签属性

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer')))
tag = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img')
# 获取标签属性，
print(tag.get_attribute('src'))
# 获取标签ID，位置，名称，大小
print(tag.id)
print(tag.location)
print(tag.tag_name)
print(tag.size)
browser.close()

浏览器操作

• 浏览器前进后退

browser.back()
browser.forward()

• cookies

from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
# browser.delete_all_cookies()

• 切换选项卡

import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles) #获取所有的选项卡
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(10)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
browser.close()

• 异常处理

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException
try:
    browser=webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
    browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')
except TimeoutException as e:
    print(e)
except NoSuchFrameException as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    browser.close()