ProxySQL配置之MySQL服务器配置

备注：文章编写时间201904-201905期间，后续官方在github的更新没有被写入

MySQL服务器配置 [MySQL Server Configuration]

一、在ProxySQL中配置后端MySQL服务器[Configuring Backend MySQL Servers in ProxySQL]

MySQL服务器的配置在mysql_servers表和mysql_replication_hostgroups表（可选）中。

友情提醒：在阅读下部分之前，请确保了解了ProxySQL使用的多层配置系统。

特别注意:

1）如果没有运行LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME，那么mysql_servers和mysql_replication_hostgroups表中的更改不会生效；

2）如果没有运行SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK 保存配置到的磁盘，那么mysql_servers和mysql_replication_hostgroups表中的更改

将在重启/崩溃后丢失。

对mysql_servers和mysql_replication_hostgroups的更改将被视为编辑配置文件而不会被保存或让服务重新加载。

二、将mysql服务器配置从MEMORY层复制到RUNTIME层 [Copying mysql servers from memory to runtime]

将MySQL服务器和复制主机组配置信息从MEMORY层数据库加载到RUNTIME层的数据结构在中：

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME;

其他可被接受的别名操作：

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUN;

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS FROM MEM;

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS FROM MEMORY;

三、将mysql服务器配置从MEMORY层持久化到DISK层[Copying mysql servers from memory to disk]

将MySQL服务器和复制主机组配置信息从MEMORY层数据库保留到DISK的数据库上：

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK;

其他可被接受的别名操作：

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS FROM MEM;

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS FROM MEMORY;

四、将mysql服务器配置从RUNTIME层拷贝到MEMORY层[Copying mysql servers from runtime to memory]

将MySQL服务器和复制主机组配置信息从RUNTIME层数据结构保留到MEMORY数据库：

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO MEMORY;

其他可被接受的别名操作：

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO MEM;

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS FROM RUN;

Admin> SAVE MYSQL SERVERS FROM RUNTIME;

五、将mysql服务器从DISK层复制到MEMORY层[Copying mysql servers from disk to memory]

将MySQL服务器和复制主机组配置信息从DISK层数据库加载到MEMORY层数据库：

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO MEMORY;

其他可被接受的别名操作：

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO MEM;

Admin> LOAD MYSQL SERVERS FROM DISK;

六、新增服务器[Adding a new server]

如果要添加新服务器，必须在mysql_servers表中插入新行以记录相关配置信息。注意，该表有几列是有默认值的。

以下添加了一个具有所有默认配置的新后端(服务器)：

Admin> SELECT * FROM mysql_servers;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

Admin> INSERT INTO mysql_servers (hostname) VALUES ('127.0.0.1');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT * FROM mysql_servers\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

       hostgroup_id: 0

           hostname: 127.0.0.1

               port: 3306

          gtid_port: 0

             status: ONLINE

             weight: 1

        compression: 0

    max_connections: 1000

max_replication_lag: 0

            use_ssl: 0

     max_latency_ms: 0

            comment:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

七、将新服务器添加到主机组[Adding new servers to a hostgroup]

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port |

+--------------+-----------+------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306 |

+--------------+-----------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

INSERT INTO mysql_servers (hostgroup_id, hostname ,port)

VALUES (1, '127.0.0.1' ,24801), (1, '127.0.0.1' ,24802), (1,'127.0.0.1' ,24803);

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  |

+--------------+-----------+-------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 |

+--------------+-----------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

八、配置与后端的连接数限制[Limiting the number of connections to a backend]

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,max_connections FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | max_connections |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1000            |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1000            |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1000            |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000            |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET max_connections=10 WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=24802;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,max_connections FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | max_connections |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1000            |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1000            |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 10              |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000            |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

九、通过改变后端的权重来确定流量的优先级[Prioritizing traffic by changing the weight of a backend]

特别注意：权重仅在主机组内起作用，值越大被分到的流量的几率越多！！

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | weight |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1      |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET weight=1000 WHERE port IN (24803) AND hostgroup_id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | weight |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1      |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000   |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十、对特定后端使用SSL连接[Using SSL connections for a specific backend]

此示例显示如何为后端配置SSL(一个状态值而已),(但这不是全局配置SSL，全局请移步SSL configuration)。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,use_ssl FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | use_ssl |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 0       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 0       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET use_ssl=1 WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=3306;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,use_ssl FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | use_ssl |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 0       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 0       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十一、配置自动忽略(有复制延时的SLAVE)的延时阀值 [Automatically shunning slaves with replication lag]

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,max_replication_lag FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | max_replication_lag |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 0                   |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET max_replication_lag=30 WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=24803;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,max_replication_lag FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | max_replication_lag |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 30                  |

+--------------+-----------+-------+---------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

使用此配置后，只有在主从复制延迟超过30秒的情况下，SLAVE才会被自动的暂时忽略。

如果max_replication_lag列设置为零(SET max_replication_lag = 0)，则Monitor模块根本不会检查复制延迟，

即使复制延迟超过了阈值。更多信息请参阅参数mysql-monitor_slave_lag_when_null。

十二、将同一个服务器添加到两个不同的主机组[Adding a server to two different hostgroups]

mysql_servers表上的主键为(hostgroup_id,hostname,port);这意味着同一服务器可以存在于两个不同的主机组中。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_replication_lag FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | weight | max_replication_lag |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000   | 30                  |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> INSERT INTO mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) VALUES (1,'127.0.0.1',3306);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_replication_lag FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | weight | max_replication_lag |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1      | 0                   |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000   | 30                  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      | 0                   |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET max_replication_lag=30, weight=1000;

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET weight=1 WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND hostgroup_id=1 AND port=3306;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_replication_lag FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | weight | max_replication_lag |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1000   | 30                  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 1000   | 30                  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1000   | 30                  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 1000   | 30                  |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 1      | 30                  |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+---------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在上面的示例中，对于hostgroup为1的组来说，如果配置为提供读取流量，则99.95％的流量将发送到权重为1000的24801、24802和24803

这3台服务器上，而0.05％的流量将正常发送到3306上。如果24801、24802和24803这3台服务器都不可用，那么所有的读取流量都将

发往3306上。

注意：max_replication_lag仅适用于SLAVE节点。如果服务器未启用复制功能，则Monitor不会执行任何操作。

十三、在后端服务器上启用压缩[Enable compression on a backend server]

要启用压缩，只需将mysql_servers.compression列设置为非零值就足够了。

请注意：

1、压缩功能仅在将该设置加载到RUNTIME层后新建立的连接上生效，之前已有连接不生效。

2、这里的压缩是指ProxySQL作为Client与后端MySQL进行通信时，使用的对数据进行压缩的功能，类似MySQL客户端的–compress选项。

MySQL 压缩协议适合的场景是 MySQL 的服务器端和客户端之间传输的数据量很大，或者可用带宽不高的情况，典型的场景有如下两个 :

1> 查询大量的数据，带宽不够(比如导出数据的时候)

2> 复制的时候 binlog 量太大，启用 slave_compressed_protocol 参数进行日志压缩复制。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,compression FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | compression |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0           |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET compression=1 WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=24802 AND hostgroup_id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,compression FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | compression |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | 1           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | 0           |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | 0           |

+--------------+-----------+-------+-------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十四、安全的禁用后端服务器[Gracefully disabling a backend server]

要安全的禁用后端服务器，需要将其状态更改为 OFFLINE_SOFT 即可。其上活动事务和连接仍将可用，但此后不会向该节点发送新流量。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET status='OFFLINE_SOFT' WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=24802 AND hostgroup_id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十五、即刻禁用后端服务器[Immediately disabling a backend server]

要立即禁用后端服务器，需要将其状态更改为 OFFLINE_HARD 即可。此后，所有当前流量将立即终止，并且不会发送新流量到该节点。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET status='OFFLINE_HARD' WHERE hostname='127.0.0.1' AND port=24801 AND hostgroup_id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | OFFLINE_HARD |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十六、重新启用脱机/禁用的后端服务器[Re-enabling an offline / disabled backend server]

要将离线的后端重新启用，只需将其状态更改回 ONLINE 就足够了。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | OFFLINE_HARD |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET status='ONLINE' WHERE status NOT IN ('ONLINE');  ==>这里用了NOT，可根据实际情况修改过滤条件

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十七、删除后端服务器[Removing a backend server]

ProxySQL允许将一个后端服务器彻底的删除，只需要将其从mysql_servers表中完全删除即可。

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：虽然可以直接执行删除操作，但是为了操作的平滑、安全，数据的完整、可控，还是建议先修改状态让其软下线，等待其上执行的所有SQL都结束后再执行后面的删除动作。

Admin> UPDATE mysql_servers SET status='OFFLINE_SOFT' WHERE hostgroup_id=1 AND port IN (3306,24802,24803);

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status       |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE       |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24802 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24803 | OFFLINE_SOFT |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | OFFLINE_SOFT |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Admin> DELETE FROM mysql_servers WHERE hostgroup_id=1 AND port IN (3306,24802,24803);

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Admin> SELECT hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status FROM mysql_servers;

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname  | port  | status |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

| 0            | 127.0.0.1 | 3306  | ONLINE |

| 1            | 127.0.0.1 | 24801 | ONLINE |

+--------------+-----------+-------+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在ProxySQL内部，直接删除后端服务和将其设置为OFFLINE_HARD的方式相同。当执行LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME时，

Hostgroup_Manager将检测到后端服务器已被删除，并在内部将其标记为OFFLINE_HARD。

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