Linux创建RAID10_实战

Linux创建RAID10_实战

Linux创建RAID10

1. RAID10 是先将数据进行镜像操作，然后再对数据进行分组，RAID1 在这里就是一个冗余的备份阵列，而RAID0则负责数据的读写阵列
2. 至少要四块盘，两两组合做 RAID1，然后做 RAID0，RAID10 对存储容量的利用率和RAID1一样低，只有 50%
3. Raid10 方案造成了 50% 的磁盘浪费，但是它提供了 200% 的速度和单磁盘损坏的数据安全性，并且当同时损坏的磁盘不在同一 RAID1 中，就能保证数据安全性，RAID10 能提供比 RAID5 更好的性能

创建RAID10，并格式化，挂载使用

1. 添加4块虚拟硬盘并全部分区，类型ID为fd

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   10G  0 disk
sdb             8:16   0   10G  0 disk
sdc             8:32   0   10G  0 disk
sdd             8:48   0   10G  0 disk
sr0            11:0    1  7.3G  0 rom
nvme0n1       259:0    0   80G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   79G  0 part
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─rhel-home 253:2    0   27G  0 lvm  /home

• 查看以及分区的4块硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l | grep raid
/dev/sda1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G fd Linux raid autodetect

1. 创建两个 RAID1，不添加热备份盘

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md101 -l1 -n2 /dev/sd{a,b}1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md101 started.

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md102 -l1 -n2 /dev/sd{c,d}1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md102 started.

1. 查看 raidstat 状态

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md102 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
      10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md101 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
      10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

1. 查看两个 RAID1 的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md101
/dev/md101:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:00 2020
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:53 2020
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost:101  (local to host localhost)
              UUID : 6edfc41b:6bb36e51:e0f130aa:d279835f
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
       1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md102
/dev/md102:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:47 2020
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:18:40 2020
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost:102  (local to host localhost)
              UUID : 0652afc7:eef07cc0:f27498fc:375620b9
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1

1. 创建 RAID10

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md10 -l0 -n2 /dev/md10{1,2}
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.

1. 查看 raidstat 状态

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid0]
md10 : active raid0 md102[1] md101[0]
      20932608 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

md102 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
      10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md101 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
      10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

1. 查看 RAID10 的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:28:37 2020
        Raid Level : raid0
        Array Size : 20932608 (19.96 GiB 21.43 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:28:37 2020
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : original
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : none

              Name : localhost:10  (local to host localhost)
              UUID : 7c1db36f:4346f40e:07419940:4423e366
            Events : 0

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       9      101        0      active sync   /dev/md101
       1       9      102        1      active sync   /dev/md102

1. 格式化 RAID10,类型为 xfs

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md10
meta-data=/dev/md10              isize=512    agcount=16, agsize=327040 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5232640, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=128    swidth=256 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

1. 挂载 RAID10 ,挂载点为 /raid10

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid10
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md10 /raid10/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               887M     0  887M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  904M  8.7M  895M   1% /run
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  1.8G   49G   4% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  173M  842M  17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   27G  225M   27G   1% /home
tmpfs                  181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/md10               20G  176M   20G   1% /raid10