SQL 经典应用

SQL Server日常维护常用的一些脚本整理。

1.sql server开启clr权限：

exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
ALTER DATABASE HWMESTC SET TRUSTWORTHY ON
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Database::HWMESTC TO sa;

2.查询数据库大小

Exec sp_spaceused
select name, convert(float,size) * (8192.0/1024.0)/1024. from dbo.sysfiles

3.数据库日志压缩

--选择需要使用的数据库
USE PIMS
--将数据库模式设置为SIMPLE
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY SIMPLE
-- 将日志文件收缩到1M
DBCC SHRINKFILE ('PIMS_log', 1)
-- 还原数据库
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY FULL

4.查看数据库连接用户

Select * From sys.dm_exec_connections

5.查看当前占用 cpu 资源最高的会话和其中执行的语句(及时CPU)

select spid,cmd,cpu,physical_io,memusage,
(select top 1 [text] from ::fn_get_sql(sql_handle)) sql_text
from master..sysprocesses order by cpu desc,physical_io desc

6.查看缓存中重用次数少，占用内存大的查询语句（当前缓存中未释放的）--全局

SELECT TOP 100 usecounts, objtype, p.size_in_bytes,[sql].[text]
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans p OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (p.plan_handle) sql
ORDER BY usecounts,p.size_in_bytes  desc

7.看BUFFER POOL中，都缓存了哪些表(当前数据库)的数据

select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) 表名,COUNT(*) 页数,COUNT(*)*8/1024.0 Mb
from   sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors a,sys.allocation_units b,sys.partitions c
where  a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id
       and b.container_id=c.hobt_id
       and database_id=DB_ID()
group by OBJECT_NAME(object_id)
order by 2 desc  

8.查询SQLSERVER内存使用情况

select * from sys.dm_os_process_memory

9.查询SqlServer总体的内存使用情况

select      type,
sum(virtual_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Reserved_gb,--保留的内存
sum(virtual_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Committed_gb,--提交的内存
sum(awe_allocated_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as awe_Allocated_gb,--开启AWE后使用的内存
sum(shared_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Reserved_gb,--共享的保留内存
sum(shared_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Committed_gb--共享的提交内存
from    sys.dm_os_memory_clerks
group by type
order by type

10.查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量

-- 查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量
-- 从这些信息可以看出，系统经常要访问的都是哪些表，有多大？
select p.object_id, object_name=object_name(p.object_id), p.index_id, buffer_pages=count(*)
from sys.allocation_units a,
    sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors b,
    sys.partitions p
where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id
    and a.container_id=p.hobt_id
    and b.database_id=db_id()
group by p.object_id,p.index_id
order by buffer_pages desc 

11.查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存

-- 查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存
-- 可以对比动态查询与参数化SQL（预定义语句）的缓存量
select    cacheobjtype
        , objtype
        , sum(cast(size_in_bytes as bigint))/1024 as size_in_kb
        , count(bucketid) as cache_count
from    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans
group by cacheobjtype, objtype
order by cacheobjtype, objtype

12.查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL

-- 查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL
-- 将此结果按照数据表或SQL进行统计，可以作为基线，调整索引时考虑
-- 查询结果会很大，注意将结果集输出到表或文件中
SELECT  usecounts ,
        refcounts ,
        size_in_bytes ,
        cacheobjtype ,
        objtype ,
        TEXT
FROM    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp
        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle)
ORDER BY objtype DESC ;
GO

13.查询sql server内存整体使用情况

--查询sql server内存整体使用情况
  SELECT object_name, cntr_value*0.1*10/1024/1024 ,cntr_value,cntr_type,t.counter_name,t.instance_name
  FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters t
  WHERE counter_name = 'Total Server Memory (KB)';

14.一次性清楚数据库所有表的数据

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData
AS
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'
EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'
GO  

15.SQL优化相关、执行时间

SELECT creation_time  N'语句编译时间'
        ,last_execution_time  N'上次执行时间'
        ,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数'
        ,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数'
        ,total_logical_reads  N'逻辑读取总次数'
        ,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数'
        ,execution_count  N'执行次数'
        ,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms'
        ,total_elapsed_time/1000  N'总花费时间ms'
        ,(total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000  N'平均时间ms'
        ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
         ((CASE statement_end_offset
          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
          ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END
            - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句'
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
         ((CASE statement_end_offset
          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
          ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END
            - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) NOT LIKE '%fetch%'
ORDER BY  total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;  

16.truncate外键表存储过程

USE PIMS
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_Truncate_Table]
  @TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64)
AS 

BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON

--==变量定义
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)

DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)

 SET @Debug = 0--(0:将执行相关语句|1:不执行语句)
 SET @Recycle = 0--(0:不创建/不清除存储表|1:将创建/清理存储表)
 set @Verbose = 1--(1:每步执行均打印消息|0:不打印消息)

 SET @i = 1
    SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>]  WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
    SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
    SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'

-- 创建外键临时表
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #FKs

-- 获取外键
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
       OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
       OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
       clm1.name as ColumnName,
       OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
       clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
  INTO #FKs
  FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
       JOIN sys.columns clm1 ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
       JOIN sys.columns clm2 ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
 --WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
 WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
 ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)

-- 外键操作(删除|重建)表
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '1. 正在创建表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
    CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
    (
        ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
        FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
        FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
        FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
        Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
    )
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    IF @Recycle = 0
    BEGIN
        IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
        TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
    END
    ELSE
        PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
END

IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...'
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
    BEGIN
        SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)

        SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
        SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
        SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName) 

        INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
        SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp

        SET @i = @i + 1

        IF @Verbose = 1
            PRINT '  > 已备份外键:[' + @ConstraintName + '] 所属表: [' + @TableName + ']'
    END
END
ELSE
    PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...'

IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '3. 正在删除外键...'
BEGIN TRAN
BEGIN TRY
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '  > 已删除外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END     

IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '4. 正在清理数据表...'
--先清除该外键所在表(由于外键所在表仍可能又被其他外键所引用，因此需要循环递归处理)(注：本处理未实现)
--请不要使用下面注释代码
/*
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '  > ' + @Statement
END
*/

IF @Debug = 1
    PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
ELSE
    EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')
IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '  > 已清理数据表[' + @TableToTruncate + ']'

IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '5. 正在重建外键...'
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '  > 已重建外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
    COMMIT
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    ROLLBACK
    PRINT '出错信息:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()
END CATCH
IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '6. 处理完成！'
END