Scrapy项目 - 项目源码 - 实现腾讯网站社会招聘信息爬取的爬虫设计

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1.tencentSpider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from Tencent.items import TencentItem
#创建爬虫类
class TencentspiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'tencentSpider'#爬虫名字
    allowed_domains = ['tencent.com']#容许爬虫的作用范围
 
    # 定义开始的URL
    offset = 0
    url = 'https://hr.tencent.com/position.php?&start='
    #urll='#a'
 
    start_urls = [url + str(offset)]  # 爬虫开始的URL
 
    def parse(self, response):
        # 继承
        item = TencentItem()
        # 根节点
        movies = response.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']|//tr[@class='even']")
        for each in movies:
            item['zhiwei']=each.xpath(".//td[@class='l square']/a/text()").extract()[0]
            item['lianjie'] = each.xpath(".//td[@class='l square']/a/@href").extract()[0]
            #item['leibie'] = each.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']/td[2]/text()|//tr[@class='even']/td[2]/text()").extract()[0]
            item['leibie'] = each.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']/td[2]/text()|//tr[@class='even']/td[2]/text()").extract()[0]
            #data = response.xpath(".//tr[@class='odd']/td[2]|//tr[@class='even']/td[2][descendant-or-self::text()]")
            #item['leibie'] = data.xpath('string(.)').extract()
 
            item['renshu'] = each.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']/td[3]/text()|//tr[@class='even']/td[3]/text()").extract()[0]
            item['didian'] = each.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']/td[4]/text()|//tr[@class='even']/td[4]/text()").extract()[0]
            item['shijian'] = each.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']/td[5]/text()|//tr[@class='even']/td[5]/text()").extract()[0]
 
            # 异常处理
            #if len(quote) != 0:
                #item['quote'] = quote[0]
            print(item)
            yield item
 
        if self.offset < 2840:
            self.offset += 10
            # 每次处理完一页之后，重新发送下一页请求
            # self offset 自增25，同时拼接为新的URL并调用回调函数，self parse 处理response
        yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset),callback=self.parse)

2.items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
 
import scrapy
 
class TencentItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    zhiwei = scrapy.Field()
    lianjie = scrapy.Field()
    leibie = scrapy.Field()
    renshu = scrapy.Field()
    didian = scrapy.Field()
    shijian = scrapy.Field()

3.main.py

from scrapy import cmdline
#
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl tencentSpider".split())

4.middlewares.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
from scrapy import signals
 
class TencentSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.
 
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s
 
    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.
 
        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None
 
    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.
 
        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i
 
    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
 
        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass
 
    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.
 
        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r
 
    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
 
class TencentDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.
 
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s
 
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.
 
        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None
 
    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.
 
        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response
 
    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
 
        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass
 
    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

5.pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Define your item pipelines here
#Tencent.json
#class TencentPipeline(object):
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
 
import json
from openpyxl import Workbook
class TencentPipeline(object):
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active
    # 设置表头
    ws.append(['职位', '链接', '类型', '人数', '地点', '时间'])
 
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 添加数据
        line = [item['zhiwei'],item['lianjie'],item['leibie'],item['renshu'],item['didian'],item['shijian']]
        self.ws.append(line)  # 按行添加
        self.wb.save('tencentSpider.xlsx')
        return item

6.settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Scrapy settings for Tencent project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
BOT_NAME = 'Tencent'
 
SPIDER_MODULES = ['Tencent.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Tencent.spiders'
 
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'
 
# Obey robots.txt rules
#ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
 
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
 
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
 
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
 
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
 
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
 
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Tencent.middlewares.TencentSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
 
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Tencent.middlewares.TencentDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
 
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
 
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'Tencent.pipelines.TencentPipeline': 300,
}
 
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
 
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
 
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'