RHEL7 Apache 服务测试

把防火墙和selinux关闭，这样试验过程中就不用配置相关策略了。

实验一、安装apache，并提供服务

在RHEL1上
#yum install -y httpd
#echo basictest > /var/www/html/index.html
#systemctl restart httpd
#systemctl enable  httpd
#netstat -anplut| grep httpd
#firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
#firewall-cmd --reload

浏览器访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1

实验二、软链接网站
#mkdir /local
#echo lxjtest > /local/index.html
#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/local(/.*)?'
#restorecon -vvFR /local
#ln -s /local/ /var/www/html/soft

浏览器访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1/soft

实验三、基于域名的虚拟主机
#vi /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf    #模板文件---下面的内容可以从模板中拷贝
# mkdir /var/www/lxj
# mkdir /var/www/lxj2
# echo lxj1 >/var/www/lxj/index.html
# echo lxj2 >/var/www/lxj2/index.html

#默认网站/var/www/html的配置

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.100.1:>
         ServerAdmin root@rusky.com
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
         ServerName www.rusky.com
         ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/192.168.100.1-error_log"
         CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/192.168.100.1-access_log" comon
</VirtualHost>

#域名www.lxj.com的配置

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/lxj.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.100.1:>
         ServerAdmin root@ruksy.com
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/lxj"
         ServerName www.lxj.com
         Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/www.lxj.com-error_log"
         CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.lxj2.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

#域名www.lxj2.com的配置

# cp /etc/httpd/conf.d/lxj.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/lxj2.conf
# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/lxj2.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.100.1:>
         ServerAdmin root@ruksy.com
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/lxj2"
         ServerName www.lxj2.com
         Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/www.lxj2.com-error_log"
         CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.lxj2.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

#systemctl restart httpd

浏览器访问测试：
http://www.rusky.com/  --默认网站，内容为basictest
http://www.lxj.com     --lxj网站，内容为lxj
http://www.lxj2.com    --lxj2网站，内容为lxj2

说明：必须配置DNS域名解析。请参考http://www.cnblogs.com/rusking/p/7581877.html
或者如果你不想配置DNS域名解析，你可以直接修改物理机C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件，添加如下内容：
192.168.100.1        www.rusky.com
192.168.100.1        www.lxj.com
192.168.100.1        www.lxj2.com
这样，你的物理机就可以ping通上面三个域名了，你可以直接使用物理机的浏览器来进行访问测试。

实验四、基于IP的虚拟主机
添加一块网卡，设置IP为192.168.100.11/24

[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME    UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE
enp0s3  -4e4e-403c-ad25-374704d6f6f1  --ethernet  enp0s3
virbr0  46056c19-c40a-40cc-a0c5-296cf7049362  bridge          virbr0
[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli device show | grep -i device
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         enp0s3
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         enp0s8
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         lo
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0-nic

添加了一块网卡enp0s8。

添加配置文件，并配置网络参数

[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name enp0s8file ifname enp0s8
[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection modify enp0s8file ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.100.11/ ipv4.gateway 192.168.100.100 autoconnect yes ipv4.dns 192.168.100.1
[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME        UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE
enp0s3      -4e4e-403c-ad25-374704d6f6f1  --ethernet  enp0s3
enp0s8file  982798e1-2f91-43f1--5d0ea9839440  --ethernet  enp0s8
virbr0      46056c19-c40a-40cc-a0c5-296cf7049362  bridge          virbr0
[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection down enp0s8file
[root@rhel1 ~]# nmcli connection up enp0s8file

添加配置文件：

[root@rhel1 ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.100.11:>
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/test11"   --其它参数可以不写，有这两行参数就可以了。
         ServerName 192.168.100.11
</VirtualHost>

[root@rhel1 ~]# mkdir /var/www/test11
[root@rhel1 ~]# echo test11 >/var/www/test11/index.html

systemctl restart httpd

浏览器访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1  ---访问默认网站，显示basictest内容
http://192.168.100.11 ---访问test11网站，显示 test11 内容。

实验五、基于端口的虚拟主机

[root@rhel1 ~]# semanage port -l | grep http
http_cache_port_t              tcp      , , , -
http_cache_port_t              udp
http_port_t                    tcp      , , , , , , ,
pegasus_http_port_t            tcp
pegasus_https_port_t           tcp      

[root@rhel1 ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8888
[root@rhel1 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=8888/tcp --permanent
[root@rhel1 ~]#firewall-cmd --reload
[root@rhel1 ~]#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 8888    #增加一行，监听8888端口，这一行也可以添加到11.conf配置文件的开头；注意，如果要求开启tls加密，则修改为 Listen 8888 https。

[root@rhel1 ~]# mkdir /var/www/testport8888
[root@rhel1 ~]# echo 88888888 >/var/www/testport8888/index.html

#直接修改上面的配置文件11.conf来进行测试

[root@rhel1 conf.d]# vi .conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.100.11:>
         ServerAdmin root@ruksy.com
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/test11"
         ServerName 192.168.100.11
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.100.11:>
         ServerAdmin root@ruksy.com
         DocumentRoot "/var/www/testport8888"
         ServerName 192.168.100.11
</VirtualHost>

#systemctl restart httpd

浏览器访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1        ---默认80端口，显示test11内容。
http://192.168.100.11:8888  --显示内容为：88888888

实验六、LAMP
#yum install -y php* mariadb*
#unzip Discuz.zip     ---下载地址：http://www.discuz.net/forum.php 开源的PHP论坛
#cp -rf upload/* /var/www/Discuz/
#semanage fcontext -l | grep http | grep rw
#chcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/Discuz/
#chown -R apache:apache /var/www/Discuz/
#systemctl restart mariadb
#systemctl enable mariadb
#mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
#systemctl restart httpd

浏览器访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1/Discuz    #需要输入数据库密码123456，更改表前缀

实验七、Alias
还原RHEL1虚拟机到初始化环境。
#mkdir /var/www/lxj
#mkdir /var/www/lxj2
#echo lxj11111 >/var/www/lxj/index.html
#echo lxj22222 >/var/www/lxj2/index.html

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/.conf
<Virtualhost *:>
         Servername 192.168.100.1
         Documentroot /var/www/lxj
         Alias /lxj2  /var/www/lxj2
</Virtualhost>
<Directory /lxj2> #增加，添加对文件夹/lxj2的设置
         AllowOverride none #增加，不允许覆盖写入
         Require all granted #增加，允许所有人访问
</Directory>

访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1
结果：进入默认网站，显示内容为lxj11111
http://192.168.100.1/lxj2
结果：进入lxj2目录，显示内容为lxj22222

实验八-调用脚本
创建三个测试脚本：shell.sh、perl.pl、python.py
#vim /var/www/cgi-bin/shell.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo -en "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\n\n";
date +%c

#vim /var/www/cgi-bin/perl.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\n\n";
$now=localtime();
print "$now\n";

#yum install -y mod_wsgi       #apache调用python脚本时需要用到这个模块

#vim /var/www/cgi-bin/python.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
import time

def application (environ, start_response):
     response_body = 'UNIX EPOCH time is now: %s\n' % time.time()
     status = '200 OK'
     response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/plain'),
                         ('Content-Length', ''),
                         ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))]
     start_response(status, response_headers)
     return [response_body]

#chmod a+x /var/www/cgi-bin/shell.sh
#chmod a+x /var/www/cgi-bin/perl.pl
#shell和pear必须有执行权限，python调用模块可以不加执行权限

#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/testscript.conf

<VirtualHost *:>
     ServerAdmin root@rusky.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html
     ServerName 192.168.100.1
     ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/192.168.100.1-error_log"
     CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/192.168.100.1-access_log" common
<IfModule alias_module>                #增加
ScriptAlias /jiaoben/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"    #增加，支持shell和perl。 /jiaoben是虚拟目录，对应后面的脚本所在的目录
</IfModule>                    #增加
WSGIScriptAlias  /python  /var/www/cgi-bin    #增加，支持python。/python也是虚拟目录
</VirtualHost>

#systemctl restart httpd

访问测试：
http://192.168.100.1/jiaoben/perl.pl
http://192.168.100.1/jiaoben/shell.sh
http://192.168.100.1/python/python.py

实验九-拒绝访问
#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/testscript.conf --添加如下内容

<Directory "/var/www/html">
     order allow,deny      #顺序：先允许，再拒绝
     allow from all
     deny from 192.168.100.2    #网段采用192.168.100
</Directory>

#systemctl restart httpd

测试：
192.168.100.2 不可以访问http://192.168.100.1/index.html,其他机器都可以访问

其它一些例子
Order   deny,allow //默认充许所有主机访问
Deny  from  192.168.0.100  //单独禁止

Order deny,allow
  allow from all
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  #全部都可以通行
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  allow from all
  #全部都可以通行
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  allow from all
  #只有219.204.253.8不能通行
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  allow from all
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  #只有219.204.253.8不能通行
-------------------------------
  -------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  deny from all
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  #全部都不能通行
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  deny from all
  #全部都不能通行
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  deny from all
  #只允许219.204.253.8通行
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  deny from all
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  #只允许219.204.253.8通行
-------------------------------
  --------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  #全部都可以通行（默认的）
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  #全部都不能通行（默认的）
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  deny from all
  #全部都不能通行
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  deny from all
  #全部都不能通行
-------------------------------
对于上面两种情况，如果换成allow from all，则全部都可以通行！
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  #只有219.204.253.8不能通行
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  deny from 219.204.253.8
  #全部都不能通行
-------------------------------
Order allow,deny
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  #只允许219.204.253.8通行
-------------------------------
Order deny,allow
  allow from 219.204.253.8
  #全部都可以通行
 
实验十、SSL加密
在RHEL1上制作用于认证网站的证书和key
#cd /etc/pki/tls/certs
#make lxjtest.crt

Enter pass phrase:                        #输入123.com
Verifying - Enter pass phrase:                    #输入123.com
Enter pass phrase for lxjtest.key:                    #输入123.com
Country Name ( letter code) [XX]:                #输入CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:                #输入BEIJING
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:            #输入BEIJING
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:        #输入REDHAT
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:            #输入WEB
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:    #输入www.rusky.com

之后，再该目录下生成两个文件：证书 lxjtest.crt 和密钥 lxjtest.key
#cp  lxjtest.key  /etc/pki/tls/private/lxjtest.key    #复制之后，可以把原来的lxjtest.key文件删除。
#相当于已经有了CA中心，并且CA中心已经颁发了证书lxjtest.crt，一般证书保存在certs文件夹下，密钥保存在private文件夹下

#yum install -y mod_ssl.x86_64    #安装ssl模块
#httpd -M | grep -i mod_ssl    #查看apache加载的模块
#如果报错AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message，一般是域名解析的错误，可以添加hosts记录，或者添加DNS记录，并更改配置文件的ServerName内容

#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
SSLEngine off        #更改，今后使用对每个网站的单独引擎（默认为on,）

#firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
#firewall-cmd --reload

#mkdir /var/www/443
#echo html > /var/www/html/index.html
#echo 443 > /var/www/443/index.html
#cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf | grep -i ^ssl    #复制尾部5行

#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/0.conf

<VirtualHost *:>
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html
     ServerName www.rusky.com
</VirtualHost>

#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/443.conf        #增加加密的www.rusky.com网站，新增行可用cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf | grep ^SSL | tail -n 5获得

<VirtualHost *:>
     DocumentRoot /var/www/
     ServerName www.rusky.com            #必须和证书输入的域名一致
     SSLEngine on                        #激活引擎
     SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3                #除了-SSLv2和-SSLv3协议，这两个协议不安全。
     SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5
     SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/cert/lxjtest.crt        #证书位置
     SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/lxjtest.key    #密钥位置
</VirtualHost>

访问测试：
http://www.rusky.com/
https://www.rusky.com/

实验十一、访问http网站自动转为https
# vi 443.conf

<Virtualhost *:>
         Servername www.rusky.com
         Documentroot /var/www/html
         RewriteEngine on
         RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [L]
</Virtualhost>

<Virtualhost *:>
         DocumentRoot /var/www/443test
         ServerName www.rusky.com
         SSLEngine on
         SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLV3
         SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5:!SEED:!IDEA
         SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/lxjtest.crt
         SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/lxjtest.key
</Virtualhost>

访问测试：
http://www.rusky.com    #自动重定向为https://www.rusky.com