mariadb集群与nginx负载均衡配置--centos7版本

这里配置得是单nginx主机。。先准备4台主机，三台mariadb集群，一台nginx。

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mariadb集群配置

环境信息

MariaDB Server：MariaDB-10.2.10

CentOS：CentOS Linux release7.2.1511 (Core)

MariaDB Galera Cluster 三个集群节点主机名和IP地址信息：
192.168.1.51 db1
192.168.1.52 db2
192.168.1.53 db3

环境准备，最小化安装CentOS7.2后，安装net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm和lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64.rpm，方便远程管理和传输文件。

1. 编辑配置hosts文件
# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.51 db1
192.168.1.52 db2
192.168.1.53 db3

2. # vi /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536

3. # vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max=655350
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

最后执行：
# sysctl -p

4. 关闭SELINUX和防火墙
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

# systemctl stop firewalld.service
# systemctl disable firewalld.service
# setenforce 0

部署MariaDB

从MariaDB 10.1版本开始，Galera Cluster就已经包含在MariaDB包里面了，不需要单独部署MariaDB-Galera-server 和galera 包。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
galera-25.3.20-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-compat.rpm
MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm
MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm

准备好这五个包
--------------------------------------------------------------
步骤一：配置Yum源（192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53）
# touch /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB-IDC.repo
添加如下内容：
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl =http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

上面的yum源可能太慢，可以考虑使用如下地址：
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.2.10/yum/centos/7.2/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
也可以用本地源
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步骤二：安装MariaDB（192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53）
# yum install MariaDB-server -y

如果无法访问外网，或者外网太慢，可以考虑单独部署一个本地的Yum源用来安装依赖包，MariaDB的包下载后直接yum安装，这里演示使用YUM和本地文件相结合的方式部署MariaDB Galera Cluster。

# mount /dev/cdrom /media

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///media
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

# ls
galera-25.3.20-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-compat.rpm
MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm
MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm

# yum install MariaDB-10.2.10-centos7-x86_64-* galera-25.3.20-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

配置 MariaDB Galera Cluster

下面我们开始配置MariaDB Galera Cluster，分别修改MariaDB Galera集群的每个节点上的/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf文件，具体每个节点的内容如下：
1. 192.168.1.51节点的/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf文件内容：

[root@db1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep -v "^$"
[server]
[mysqld]
server_id=151
datadir=/opt/galera
user=mysql
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
character-set-server=utf8

[galera]
wsrep_causal_reads=ON #节点应用完事务才返回查询请求
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=4G"#同步复制缓冲池
wsrep_certify_nonPK=ON #为没有显式申明主键的表生成一个用于certificationtest的主键，默认为ON
#log-bin=/opt/galera/mysql-bin #如果不接从库，注释掉
#log_slave_updates=1 #如果不接从库，注释掉
query_cache_size=0 #关闭查询缓存
wsrep_on=ON #开启全同步复制模式
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so#galera library
wsrep_cluster_name=MariaDB-Galera-Cluster
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53" #galera cluster URL
wsrep_node_name=db1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.51
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 #主键自增模式修改为交叉模式
wsrep_slave_threads=8 #开启并行复制线程，根据CPU核数设置
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 #事务提交每隔1秒刷盘
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
[embedded]
[mariadb]
[mariadb-10.1]

2. 192.168.1.52节点的/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf文件内容（每个接点除了server_id、wsrep_node_name和wsrep_node_address不同外，其它都相同，可以复制后修改这三处）：

[root@db2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep -v "^$"
[server]
[mysqld]
server_id=152
datadir=/opt/galera
user=mysql
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
character-set-server=utf8

[galera]
wsrep_causal_reads=ON
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=4G"
wsrep_certify_nonPK=ON
query_cache_size=0
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name=MariaDB-Galera-Cluster
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53"
wsrep_node_name=db2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.52
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
[embedded]
[mariadb]
[mariadb-10.1]

3. 192.168.1.53节点的/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf文件内容：
[root@db3 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep -v "^$"
[server]
[mysqld]
server_id=152
datadir=/opt/galera
user=mysql
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
character-set-server=utf8

[galera]
wsrep_causal_reads=ON
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=4G"
wsrep_certify_nonPK=ON
query_cache_size=0
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name=MariaDB-Galera-Cluster
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53"
wsrep_node_name=db3
wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.53
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
[embedded]
[mariadb]
[mariadb-10.1]

MariaDB一个节点初始化安装（仅192.168.1.51，其它节点不需要！）：
# mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf --user=mysql

在192.168.1.51节点上通过bootstrap启动（第一次启动一定要使用--wsrep-new-cluster，再次启动就不需要，其它节点也不需要！！）

# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf --user=mysql --wsrep-new-cluster &

在192.168.1.51节点上设置root密码以及安全设置（其它节点不需要）

# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
或
# mysql_secure_installation
在配置过程中可以设置root的密码，请牢记，以后要用到。

在192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53节点启动MariaDB，注意：如果前面配置文件中指定的/opt/galera目录不存在的话，需要手工创建并指定权限和所有者:
# mkdir /opt/galera
# chown mysql:root /opt/galera
# chmod 700 /opt/galera
然后启动数据库。
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf --user=mysql &

验证操作
登录三个节点查看

192.168.1.51节点：
[root@db1 ~]# mysql -uroot –pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like 'ws%';
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+

| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 3 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid |3108c722-ff29-11e6-a31f-bb500598d033 |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |

| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid |3107a278-ff29-11e6-96d3-374133af7e21 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.52:3306,192.168.1.53:3306,192.168.1.51:3306|

| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.19(r3667) |
| wsrep_ready | ON |

| wsrep_thread_count | 9 |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
58 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注释：

wsrep_cluster_status为Primary，表示节点为主节点，正常读写。

wsrep_ready为ON，表示集群正常运行。

wsrep_cluster_size为3，表示集群有三个节点。

创建数据库测试

192.168.1.51节点：
[root@db1 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot –pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

192.168.1.52节点查看：
[root@db2 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test_db |
+--------------------+

192.168.1.53节点查看：
[root@db3 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

验证InnoDB存储的表
[root@db1 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot –pxxxxxx
MariaDB [test_db]> create table stuinfo(id int,name text) ENGINE InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [test_db]> insert into stuinfo values(1,'hive');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test_db]> insert into stuinfo values(2,'hbase');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test_db]>

其他节点查看：

[root@db2 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> use test_db;
Reading table information for completion oftable and column names
You can turn off this feature to get aquicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [test_db]> select * from stuinfo;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | hive |
| 2 | hbase |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@db3 my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot –pxxxxxx
MariaDB [(none)]> use test_db;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [test_db]> select * from stuinfo;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | hive |
| 2 | hbase |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

模拟节点故障

将192.168.1.51数据库停止掉：
[root@db1 system]# mysqladmin -uroot -p "shutdown"

然后在其他节点192.168.1.52执行：
MariaDB [test_db]> show global status like 'wsrep%';
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 0ce8537e-ff2a-11e6-b037-8a383b6a8db5 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.52:3306,192.168.1.53:3306 |
| wsrep_last_committed | 10 |

| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_thread_count | 9 |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

此时集群为自动将192.168.1.51故障节点剔除掉，并且正常提供服务。

最后我们恢复失败的节点：
[root@db1 system]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf --user=mysql &

再次查看集群环境：

MariaDB [test_db]> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec

至此集群配置完成。

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先配置好基础的lamp环境。

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最简单化配置lamp环境

yum install -y httpd*

----------------------------------------

yum install -y php*

---------------------------------------

yum install -y mariadb*

---------------------------------------------
初始化数据库

mysql_secure_installation

配置密码

--------------------------------------
systemctl restart httpd
systemctl restart mariadb
-----------------------------------------
查看php是否安装正确
vi /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

-----------------------------------------------

接下来就是nginx的配置了

----------------------------------------

先下载好nginx包

先安装编译器。依赖
yum install gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel openssl-libs openssl -y

---------------------------------------------
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
编译到指定目录下

make
编译

make install

安装

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完成后接下来配置环境变量以后就不用使用绝对路径来操作Nginx了：

vi /etc/profile.d/http.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH

------------------------
source !$
生效

启动Nginx
nginx

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在浏览器上输入ip\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\注意不要和http冲突端口

出现
”Welcome to nginx！”

安装成功

在去改配置文件

upstream app1 {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.1.51:80;
server 192.168.1.52:80;
server 192.168.1.53:80;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://app1;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
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nginx -s reload
重启
输入ip能访问其余主机的主页就算成功了。