python调用API

相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍Python中调用API的几种方式，下面是Python中会用到的库。

- urllib2

- httplib2

- pycurl

- requests

1.urllib2

 - Sample1
 
 import urllib2, urllib
 github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos'
 password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
 password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***')
 auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler
 opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler
 urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener...
 request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required
 handler = urllib2.urlopen(request)
 print handler.read()
 
   - Sample2
 
 import urllib2
 url = 'http://ems.vip.ebay.com/removeSIforcloud.cgi?ip=' + ip
 req = urllib2.Request(url)
 req.add_header('IAF',abc.token_authiaas)
 try:
     resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)
 except urllib2.HTTPError, error:
     print "Cannot remove service instance!", error
     sys.exit(1)
 response = resp.read()
 print response
 
   - Sample3
 
 import urllib2, urllib, base64
 url = "https://reparo.stratus.ebay.com/reparo/bootstrap/registerasset/" + rackid + "/" + asset
 data = urllib.urlencode({
                 'reservedResource':'RR-Hadoop',
                 'resourceCapability':'Production',
                 'movetoironic':'False',
                 'output':'json'
         })
 
 print "Bootstrap Asset jobs starting .............."
 base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (user, passwd)).replace('\n', '')
 request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers={"Authorization" : "Basic %s" % base64string})
 response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
 response_json = json.loads(response)
 response_status = response_json['status']
 status_code = response_status['statusCode']
 status = response_status['status']
 message = response_status['message']
 print status_code , status, message

2. httplib2

 import urllib, httplib2
 github_url = '
 h = httplib2.Http(".cache")
 h.add_credentials("user", "******", "
 data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"})
 resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data)
 print content

3. pycurl

 import pycurl, json
 github_url = "
 user_pwd = "user:*****"
 data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"})
 c = pycurl.Curl()
 c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url)
 c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd)
 c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1)
 c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data)
 c.perform()

4. requests

 import requests, json
 github_url = "
 data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'})
 r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****'))
 print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。