定义字符串

前面我们讲解了什么是字符串。字符串可以用''或者""括起来表示。

如果字符串本身包含'怎么办?比如我们要表示字符串 I'm OK ,这时,可以用" "括起来表示:

"I'm OK"

类似的,如果字符串包含",我们就可以用' '括起来表示:

'Learn "Python" in imooc'

如果字符串既包含'又包含"怎么办?

这个时候,就需要对字符串的某些特殊字符进行“转义”,Python字符串用\进行转义。

要表示字符串 Bob said "I'm OK".
由于 ' 和 " 会引起歧义,因此,我们在它前面插入一个\表示这是一个普通字符,不代表字符串的起始,因此,这个字符串又可以表示为

'Bob said \"I\'m OK\".'

注意:转义字符 \ 不计入字符串的内容中。

常用的转义字符还有:

\n 表示换行
\t 表示一个制表符
\\ 表示 \ 字符本身

任务

请将下面两行内容用Python的字符串表示并打印出来:

  Python was started in 1989 by "Guido".

  Python is free and easy to learn.

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" 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raw字符串与多行字符串

如果一个字符串包含很多需要转义的字符,对每一个字符都进行转义会很麻烦。为了避免这种情况,我们可以在字符串前面加个前缀 r ,表示这是一个 raw 字符串,里面的字符就不需要转义了。例如:

r'\(~_~)/ \(~_~)/'

但是r'...'表示法不能表示多行字符串,也不能表示包含'"的字符串(为什么?)

如果要表示多行字符串,可以用'''...'''表示:

'''Line 1
Line 2
Line 3'''

上面这个字符串的表示方法和下面的是完全一样的:

'Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'

还可以在多行字符串前面添加 r ,把这个多行字符串也变成一个raw字符串:

r'''Python is created by "Guido".
It is free and easy to learn.
Let's start learn Python in imooc!'''

任务

请把下面的字符串用r'''...'''的形式改写,并用print打印出来:

'\"To be, or not to be\": that is the question.\nWhether it\'s nobler in the mind to suffer.'

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" 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