[Windows Powershell]-学习笔记（2）

1. 数学运算

我们可以把powershell当成一个计算器。如键入命令行那样输入数学表达式，回车，powershell会自动计算并把结果输出。常用的加减乘除模（+,-,*,/,%）运算和小括号表达式都支持。

powershell也能自动识别计算机容量单位,包括KB，MB，GB，TB，PB

 

1. Powershell执行外部命令

Powershell能像cmd一样执行外部命令，

如使用netstat –an 查看网络端口连接

使用ipconfig 查看本机ip地址

使用route print查看路由信息

 

启动控制台CMD，使用exit退出CMD

 

查看CMD的帮助命令，可以通过/c来接收命令参数（help）

Cmd /c help

 

启动外部程序，如notepad，但为什么不能启动winword呢，因为winword的路劲未包含在powershell的环境变量里

我们还可以使用&来执行文本命令，如cmd == &"cmd.exe"

 

1. Powershell 命令集cmdlets

cmdlets是Powershell的内部命令，cmdlet的类型名为System.Management.Automation.CmdletInfo，包含下列属性和方法：

Name	MemberType	Definition
Equals	Method	bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode	Method	int GetHashCode()
GetType	Method	type GetType()
ToString	Method	string ToString()
CommandType	Property	System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes CommandType {get;}
DefaultParameterSet	Property	System.String DefaultParameterSet {get;}
Definition	Property	System.String Definition {get;}
HelpFile	Property	System.String HelpFile {get;}
ImplementingType	Property	System.Type ImplementingType {get;}
Module	Property	System.Management.Automation.PSModuleInfo Module {get;}
ModuleName	Property	System.String ModuleName {get;}
Name	Property	System.String Name {get;}
Noun	Property	System.String Noun {get;}
OutputType	Property	System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1[[System.Management.Automation.PSTypeName, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] OutputType {get;}
Parameters	Property	System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] Parameters {get;}
ParameterSets	Property	System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1[[System.Management.Automation.CommandParameterSetInfo, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] ParameterSets {get;}
PSSnapIn	Property	System.Management.Automation.PSSnapInInfo PSSnapIn {get;}
Verb	Property	System.String Verb {get;}
Visibility	Property	System.Management.Automation.SessionStateEntryVisibility Visibility {get;set;}
DLL	ScriptProperty	System.Object DLL {get=$this.ImplementingType.Assembly.Location;}
HelpUri	ScriptProperty	System.Object HelpUri {get=try { # ok to cast CommandTypes enum to HelpCategory because string/indentifier for # cmdlet,function,filter,alias,externalscript is identical. # it is ok to fail for other enum values (i.e. for Application) $helpObject = get-help -Name ($this.Name) -Category ([string]($this.CommandType)) -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue# return first non-null uri (and try not to hit any strict mode things) if ($helpObject -eq $null) { return $null } if ($helpObject.psobject.properties['relatedLinks'] -eq $null) { return $null } if ($helpObject.relatedLinks.psobject.properties['navigationLink'] -eq $null) { return $null } $helpUri = [string]$( $helpObject.relatedLinks.navigationLink | %{ if ($_.psobject.properties['uri'] -ne $null) { $_.uri } } | ?{ $_ } | select -first 1 ) return $helpUri } catch {};}

下面是全部的Cmdlets命令

每个命令有一个动词和名词组成，命令的作用一目了然。

Name	ModuleName	Help
Add-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Add-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Add-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Add-Member	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Add-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Add-Type	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Checkpoint-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Clear-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Compare-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Complete-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Connect-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
ConvertFrom-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertFrom-SecureString	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
ConvertFrom-StringData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Convert-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
ConvertTo-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertTo-Html	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertTo-SecureString	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
ConvertTo-Xml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Copy-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Copy-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Debug-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Disable-ComputerRestore	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Disable-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Disable-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Disable-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Disconnect-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Enable-ComputerRestore	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Enable-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Enable-PSRemoting	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Enable-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Enable-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Enter-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Exit-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-Clixml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-Console	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Export-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-ModuleMember	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ForEach-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Format-Custom	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-List	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-Table	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-Wide	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Acl	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-AuthenticodeSignature	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-ChildItem	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-ComputerRestorePoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Get-Credential	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Culture	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Date	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-EventSubscriber	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-ExecutionPolicy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Help	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-HotFix	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Member	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PfxCertificate	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-PSCallStack	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSProvider	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Random	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-TraceSource	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-UICulture	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Unique	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-WinEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Get-WmiObject	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Get-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Group-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Clixml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Import-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-LocalizedData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Import-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Invoke-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Invoke-Expression	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Invoke-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Invoke-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Invoke-WmiMethod	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Invoke-WSManAction	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Join-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Limit-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Measure-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Measure-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Move-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Move-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-ModuleManifest	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-PSSessionOption	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-TimeSpan	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-WebServiceProxy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
New-WSManSessionOption	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Out-Default	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-File	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-GridView	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Null	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Printer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-String	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Pop-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Push-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Read-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Receive-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Register-EngineEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Register-ObjectEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Register-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Register-WmiEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-WmiObject	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Rename-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Rename-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Reset-ComputerMachinePassword	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Resolve-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restart-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restart-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restore-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Resume-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Select-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Select-String	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Select-Xml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Send-MailMessage	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-Acl	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-AuthenticodeSignature	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-Date	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-ExecutionPolicy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-PSDebug	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-StrictMode	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-TraceSource	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-WmiInstance	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Set-WSManQuickConfig	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Show-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Sort-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Split-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Start-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Sleep	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Start-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Transcript	Microsoft.PowerShell.Host	help
Stop-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Stop-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Transcript	Microsoft.PowerShell.Host	help
Suspend-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Tee-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Test-ComputerSecureChannel	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-Connection	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-ModuleManifest	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Test-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Trace-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Undo-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Unregister-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Unregister-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Update-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Update-List	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Update-TypeData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Use-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Wait-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Wait-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Wait-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Where-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Write-Debug	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Error	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Write-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Output	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Progress	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Verbose	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Warning	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help

 

1. Powershell别名

cmdlet 的名称由一个动词和一个名词组成，其功能对用户来讲一目了然。但是对于一个经常使用powershell命令的人每天敲那么多命令也很麻烦啊。能不能把命令缩短一点呢？于是"别名"就应运而生了。Powershell内部也实现了很多常用命令的别名。例如Get-ChildItem，列出当前的子文件或目录。它有两个别名：ls 和 dir，这两个别名来源于unix 的shell和windows的cmd。
因此别名有两个作用：

• 继承：继承unix-shell和windows-cmd。
• 方便：方便用户使用。

处理别名：

查询别名所指的真实cmdlet命令。

    

查看可用别名

查看可用的别名，可以通过" ls alias:" 或者 "Get-Alias"

如何查看所有以Remove打头的cmdlet的命令的别名呢？

 

说明：dir alias:获取的是别名的数组，通过where对数组元素进行遍历，$_代表当前元素，alias的Definition为String类型，因为powershell支持.net，.net中的string类有一个方法Startswith。通过where过滤集合在powershell中使用非常广泛。

有的cmdlet命令可能有2-3个别名，我们可以通过下面的命令查看所有别名和指向cmdlet的别名的个数。

 

创建自己的别名

给记事本创建一个别名，并查看别名

删除别名 del alias：edit

Import-alias导入别名

Export-alias导出别名