ccs之经典布局（三）（等分，等高布局）
接上篇ccs之经典布局（二）（两栏，三栏布局）
七、等分布局
等分布局是指一行被分为若干列，每一列的宽度是相同的值。两列之间有若干的距离。
1、float+padding+background-clip
使用float让元素在一行内显示，使用padding来实现元素之间的距离，使用background-clip使元素padding部分不显示背景。
2、float+margin+calc
使用calc()函数来计算元素的宽度，使用margin实现元素之间的间距
3、还可以增加结构来实现兼容，不推荐
4、table
元素被设置为table后，内容撑开宽度，兼容性的问题。还有table-cell元素无法设置margin,padding.
5、flex+~选择器 很好用，就是有兼容性的问题，多用于移动端布局
6、grid 很好用，就是有兼容性的问题，多用于移动端布局
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>等分布局</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
body{
overflow: hidden;
} .container {
/* margin-left: -20px; 第1种方法
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid greenyellow; */ /* overflow: hidden; 第2种方法
margin-right: -20px;
border: 1px solid greenyellow; */ /* display: flex; 第5种方法 */ /* display: grid; 第6种方法
grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr);
grid-gap: 20px; */ } .container div {
height: 300px; /* float: left; 第1种方法
width: 25%;
padding-left: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
background-clip: content-box; */ /* float: left; 第2种方法
width: calc(25% - 20px); 记得空格
margin-right: 20px; */ /* flex:1; 第5种方法 */
} /* .div1 ~ div{ 第5种方法
margin-left: 20px;
} */ .div1 {
background: greenyellow;
} .div2 {
background: palevioletred;
} .div3 {
background: orange;
} .div4 {
background: blueviolet;
}
</style>
</head> <body>
<div class="container">
<div class="div1">div1</div>
<div class="div2">div2</div>
<div class="div3">div3</div>
<div class="div4">div4</div>
</div>
</body> </html>
八、等高布局
1、display:table-cell
table布局天然就具有等高的特点，display设置为table-cell此元素会作为一个表格单元格来显示，类似于<td>.
2、flex 弹性盒子布局，默认值就是自带等高布局的特点。(flex-direction和align-item)
3、padding与margin相互抵消
它是假等高，设置父容器的overflow属性为hidden,给每列设置比较大的底内边距，然后用数值相似的负外边距消除这个高度（用到的点有：background会填充padding,不会填充margin,margin有坍塌性，可以设置成负值。overflow：hidden;让容器产生BFC，清浮动。同时截取内容适应填充框，将超出的部分隐藏）
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>等高布局</title>
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding:0;
font-size: 12px;
}
.container{ /* display: table; 第1种方法 */
/* display:flex; 第2种方法 */
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.right{
width: 200px;
/* display:table-cell; 第1种方法 */ /* padding-bottom: 999em; 第3种方法
margin-bottom: -999em;
float: left; */
} .left{
background: greenyellow;
}
.right{
background: palevioletred;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="left">测试文字</div>
<div class="right"> 咱们应当在一起，否则就太伤天害理啦。 你好哇，李银河。请你不要吃我，我给你唱一支好听的歌！一想到你，我这张丑脸上就泛起微笑</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
九、全屏布局
全屏布局指的就是HTML页面铺满整个浏览器窗口，且没有滚动条，可以跟随浏览器大小的变化而变化。它在实际的工作中经常用到，下面展示几种方式进行全屏布局的实现。
1、float+clac()这一种方法
2、position+overflow来实现
3、inline-block+calc来实现
4、用absolute来实现
html:
<div class="parent">
<div class="top">top</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="left">left</div>
<div class="right">
<div class="inner">right</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
css1:
<style>
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
html,body,.parent{
height: 100%;
}
.top,.footer{
height: 50px;
background: grey;
}
.container{
overflow: hidden;
height: calc(100% - 100px);
background: papayawhip; }
.left{
width: 100px;
float: left;
height: 100%;
background: palevioletred;
}
.right{
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
background: greenyellow;
}
.inner{
height: 10000px;
}
</style>
css2:
<style>
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.top,.footer{
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* 有position宽度就不能自适应等于所有后代元素的和，自适应的原因是因为下面的left和right的设置 */
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: rgb(161, 158, 158);
}
.top{
top:0;
}
.footer{
bottom: 0;
}
.container{
/* height: 100%; */
background: papayawhip;
position: fixed;
left:0;
right: 0;
top:50px;
bottom:50px;
overflow: auto;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
background: palevioletred;
height: 100%;
position: fixed;
left: 0;
top:50px;
bottom: 50px;
}
.right{
/* height: 1oo%; */
height: 1000px;
background: greenyellow;
margin-left: 100px;
}
</style>
css3:
<style>
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body, html,.parent {
height: 100%;
}
.top, .footer {
height: 50px;
background: gray;
}
.container {
height: calc(100% - 100px);
background: orange;
font-size: 0;
}
.left,
.right {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 16px;
}
.left {
width: 100px;
height: 100%;
background: palevioletred;
}
.right {
width: calc(100% - 100px);
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background: greenyellow;
}
.inner {
height: 1000px;
}
</style>
css4:
<style>
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body, html,.parent {
height: 100%;
}
.top,.footer,.container{
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
.top,.footer{
height: 50px;
background: gray;
}
.top{
top:0;
}
.footer{
bottom: 0;
}
.container{
top:50px;
bottom:50px;
background: orange;
}
.left,.right{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
background: palevioletred;
}
.right{
left: 100px;
right: 0;
overflow: auto;
background: greenyellow;
}
.inner{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>
5、可以通过增加结构来提高兼容性利用float+absolute
html:
<div class="parent">
<div class="top">top</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="container">
<div class="left">left</div>
<div class="right">
<div class="inner">right</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
css:
<style>
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
html,body,.parent{
height: 100%;
}
.top,.footer{
position: absolute;
height: 50px;
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: grey;
}
.top{
top:0;
}
.footer{
bottom: 0;
}
.content{
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
background: blue;
}
.container{
overflow: hidden;
height: 100%;
margin:50px 0;
background: orange;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
float: left;
height: 100%;
background: palevioletred;
}
.right{
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
background: greenyellow;
}
.inner{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>
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