JavaWeb_(Spring框架)注解配置

　　系列博文

　　　　JavaWeb_(Spring框架)xml配置文件　　传送门

　　　　JavaWeb_(Spring框架)注解配置　　　　传送门

Spring注解配置

　　a)导包和约束：基本包、aop包+context约束；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContext_annotation.xml

　　b)将对象注册到容器内；

　　在User2.java中需要用到<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">的地方使用@Component("user")

　　@Controller()　　　　1对应web层

　　@Service("user")　　对应service

　　@Repository()　　　对应dao层

package com.Gary.bean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

@Component("user")

public class User2 {

    private Integer u_id;

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //加入宠物字段

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.Gary.bean.User2;

public class Test_Annotation {

    //Spring是一个容器，它将帮助我们管理对象

    @Test

    public void Test2() {

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_annotation.xml");

        User2 u2 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        System.out.println(u2);

    }

}

Test_Annotation.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContext_annotation.xml

　　c)用注解配置Scope属性；

　　在需要加Scope属性的bean实体层下使用

　　@Service("user")

　　//@Scope默认是单例的

　　@Scope(scopeName="prototype")

package com.Gary.bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

//@Component("user")

@Service("user")

//@Scope默认是单例的

@Scope(scopeName="prototype")

public class User2 {

    private Integer u_id;

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //加入宠物字段

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.Gary.bean.User2;

public class Test_Annotation {

    //Spring是一个容器，它将帮助我们管理对象

    @Test

    public void Test2() {

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_annotation.xml");

        User2 u1 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        User2 u2 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        //@Scope(scopeName="prototype")多例的

        System.out.println(u1==u2);

    }

}

Test_Annotation.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContent_annotation.xml

　　d)注解配置init-method与destroy-method；

    //在构造方法后调用

    @PostConstruct()

    public void userInit() {

        System.out.println("构造方法");

    }

    //在销毁方法前调用

    @PreDestroy()

    public void userDestory() {

        System.out.println("销毁方法");

    }

package com.Gary.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

//@Component("user")

@Service("user")

public class User2 {

    private Integer u_id;

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //加入宠物字段

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

    //在构造方法后调用

    @PostConstruct()

    public void userInit() {

        System.out.println("构造方法");

    }

    //在销毁方法前调用

    @PreDestroy()

    public void userDestory() {

        System.out.println("销毁方法");

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.Gary.bean.User2;

public class Test_Annotation {

    //Spring是一个容器，它将帮助我们管理对象

    @Test

    public void Test2() {

        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_annotation.xml");

        User2 u1 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        ac.close();

    }

}

Test_Annotation.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContext_annotation.xml

　　e)注解配置属性注入，值类型与引用类型；

　　属性、值注入

    @Value(value="111111111")

    private Integer u_id;

    @Value(value="ggggggary")

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

package com.Gary.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

//@Component("user")

@Service("user")

public class User2 {

    @Value(value="111111111")

    private Integer u_id;

    @Value(value="ggggggary")

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //加入宠物字段

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

    //在构造方法后调用

    @PostConstruct()

    public void userInit() {

        System.out.println("构造方法");

    }

    //在销毁方法前调用

    @PreDestroy()

    public void userDestory() {

        System.out.println("销毁方法");

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.Gary.bean.User2;

public class Test_Annotation {

    //Spring是一个容器，它将帮助我们管理对象

    @Test

    public void Test2() {

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_annotation.xml");

        User2 u1 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        System.out.println(u1);

    }

}

Test_Annotation.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContext_annotation.xml

　　也可以在方法上加注释

    @Value("233333333")

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

　　Spring能在private私有成员上通过@Value()去赋值，使用了暴力反射去注入的，推荐使用在set()方法上注入属性

　　引用类型注入

　　给宠物起名为cat，并给宠物类型和颜色通过@Value赋值

@Component("cat")

public class Pet {

    @Value("猫猫猫")

    public void setPetType(String petType) {

        this.petType = petType;

    }

    @Value("灰色")

    public void setColor(String color) {

        this.color = color;

    }

package com.Gary.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("cat")

public class Pet {

    //宠物类型  猫  狗

    private String petType;

    //宠物颜色

    private String color;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Pet [petType=" + petType + ", color=" + color + "]";

    }

    public String getPetType() {

        return petType;

    }

    @Value("猫猫猫")

    public void setPetType(String petType) {

        this.petType = petType;

    }

    @Value("灰色")

    public void setColor(String color) {

        this.color = color;

    }

    public String getColor() {

        return color;

    }

}

Pet.java

　　在User.java上使用@Autowired()自动装配

    //使用自动装配，加入宠物字段

    @Autowired

    private Pet u_pet;

　　第一种：用@Autowired()代替，缺点：问题：如果匹配到多个类型一致的对象，将无法注入到具体哪个对象

　　为了解决这个确定

　　第二种：用@Qualifier("userService")

　　第三者@Resource(name="userService")

package com.Gary.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

//@Component("user")

@Service("user")

public class User2 {

    @Value(value="111111111")

    private Integer u_id;

    @Value(value="ggggggary")

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //使用自动装配，加入宠物字段

    @Autowired

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    @Value("233333333")

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

    //在构造方法后调用

    @PostConstruct()

    public void userInit() {

        System.out.println("构造方法");

    }

    //在销毁方法前调用

    @PreDestroy()

    public void userDestory() {

        System.out.println("销毁方法");

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

//<bean name="user" class="com.Gary.bean.User">

//@Component("user")

@Service("user")

public class User2 {

    @Value(value="111111111")

    private Integer u_id;

    @Value(value="ggggggary")

    private String u_username;

    private String u_password;

    //使用自动装配，加入宠物字段

    @Autowired

    private Pet u_pet;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [u_id=" + u_id + ", u_username=" + u_username + ", u_password=" + u_password + ", u_pet=" + u_pet

                + "]";

    }

    public Pet getU_pet() {

        return u_pet;

    }

    public void setU_pet(Pet u_pet) {

        this.u_pet = u_pet;

    }

    public User2() {

        System.out.println("默认使用 User2 对象空参构造方法");

    }

    public Integer getU_id() {

        return u_id;

    }

    public void setU_id(Integer u_id) {

        this.u_id = u_id;

    }

    public String getU_username() {

        return u_username;

    }

    public void setU_username(String u_username) {

        this.u_username = u_username;

    }

    public String getU_password() {

        return u_password;

    }

    @Value("233333333")

    public void setU_password(String u_password) {

        this.u_password = u_password;

    }

    //在构造方法后调用

    @PostConstruct()

    public void userInit() {

        System.out.println("构造方法");

    }

    //在销毁方法前调用

    @PreDestroy()

    public void userDestory() {

        System.out.println("销毁方法");

    }

}

User2.java

package com.Gary.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("cat")

public class Pet {

    //宠物类型  猫  狗

    private String petType;

    //宠物颜色

    private String color;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Pet [petType=" + petType + ", color=" + color + "]";

    }

    public String getPetType() {

        return petType;

    }

    @Value("猫猫猫")

    public void setPetType(String petType) {

        this.petType = petType;

    }

    @Value("灰色")

    public void setColor(String color) {

        this.color = color;

    }

    public String getColor() {

        return color;

    }

}

Pet.java

package com.Gary.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.Gary.bean.User2;

public class Test_Annotation {

    //Spring是一个容器，它将帮助我们管理对象

    @Test

    public void Test2() {

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_annotation.xml");

        User2 u1 = (User2) ac.getBean("user");

        System.out.println(u1);

    }

}

Test_Annotation.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 注解开发 -->

    <!-- 开启组件扫描 base-package 扫描该包下以及子包的所有注解   -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Gary.bean"/>    

</beans>

applicationContext_annotation.xml

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