Mybatis关联查询（嵌套查询）

上一篇文章介绍了基于Mybatis对数据库的增、删、改、查。这一篇介绍下关联查询（join query）。

三张表：user article blog

表的存储sql文件：

/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server         : localhost
Source Server Version : 50620
Source Host           : localhost:3306
Source Database       : mybatis

Target Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50620
File Encoding         : 65001

Date: 2014-10-19 18:27:31
*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `user`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `userAge` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `userAddress` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('', 'summer', '', 'shanghai');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('', 'test1', '', 'suzhou');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('', 'test1', '', 'some place');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('', 'lu', '', 'some place');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('', 'xiaoxun', '', 'nanjing');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `article`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `article`;
CREATE TABLE `article` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `title` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` text,
  `blogid` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of article
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('', '', 'test_title_1', 'test_content_1', '');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('', '', 'test_title_2', 'test_content_2', '');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('', '', 'test_title_3', 'test_content_3', '');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('', '', 'test_title_4', 'test_content_4', '');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('', '', 'test_title_5', 'test_content_5', '');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `blog`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `blog`;
CREATE TABLE `blog` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `title` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of blog
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `blog` VALUES ('', 'xiaoxun_blog');
INSERT INTO `blog` VALUES ('', 'zhang_blog');

配置文件Configuration.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- mybatis别名定义 -->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="User" type="com.mybatis.test.User"/>
        <typeAlias alias="Article" type="com.mybatis.test.Article"/>
        <typeAlias alias="Blog" type="com.mybatis.test.Blog"/>
    </typeAliases> 

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
        <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
            <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis" />
            <property name="username" value="root"/>
            <property name="password" value="admin"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!-- mybatis的mapper文件，每个xml配置文件对应一个接口 -->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/mybatis/test/User.xml"/>
        <mapper resource="com/mybatis/test/Article.xml"/>
        <mapper resource="com/mybatis/test/Blog.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

User类的定义和User.xml的配置见上一文章。

Article类定义：

package com.mybatis.test;

public class Article {

    private int id;
    private User user;
    private String title;
    private String content;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }
    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

}

Article类中有一个User类。

Article.xml的配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.test.IArticleOperation">

    <resultMap type="User" id="userResultMap">
        <!-- 属性名和数据库列名映射 -->
        <id property="id" column="user_id"  />
        <result property="userName" column="user_userName"  />
        <result property="userAge" column="user_userAge"  />
        <result property="userAddress" column="user_userAddress"  />
    </resultMap>

    <!-- User join Article进行联合查询  (一对一)-->
    <resultMap id="articleResultMap" type="Article">
        <id property="id" column="article_id" />
        <result property="title" column="article_title" />
        <result property="content" column="article_content" />
        <!-- 将article的user属性映射到userResultMap -->
        <association property="user" javaType="User" resultMap="userResultMap"/>
    </resultMap>

    <!-- 使用别名来映射匹配 -->
    <select id="getUserArticles" parameterType="int" resultMap="articleResultMap">
       select user.id user_id,user.userName user_userName,user.userAddress user_userAddress,
       article.id article_id,article.title article_title,article.content article_content
       from user,article
       where user.id=article.userid and user.id=#{id}
    </select>

    <!-- 另一种联合查询  (一对一)的实现，但是这种方式有“N+1”的问题 -->
   <!--  <resultMap id="articleResultMap" type="Article">
        <id property="id" column="article_id" />
        <result property="title" column="article_title" />
        <result property="content" column="article_content" />
        <association property="user" javaType="User" column="userid" select="selectUser"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectUser" parameterType="int" resultType="User">
        select * from user where id = #{id}
    </select> -->

</mapper>

Blog类定义：

package com.mybatis.test;

import java.util.List;

public class Blog {

    private int id;
    private String title;
    private List<Article> articles;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public List<Article> getArticles() {
        return articles;
    }
    public void setArticles(List<Article> articles) {
        this.articles = articles;
    }

}

Blog类中有一个List<Article>。

Blog.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.test.IBlogOperation">

    <resultMap id="userResultMap" type="User">
        <id property="id" column="user_id"  />
        <result property="userName" column="user_userName"  />
        <result property="userAge" column="user_userAge"  />
        <result property="userAddress" column="user_userAddress"  />
    </resultMap>

    <resultMap id="articleResultMap" type="Article">
        <id property="id" column="article_id" />
        <result property="title" column="article_title" />
        <result property="content" column="article_content" />
        <association property="user" javaType="User" resultMap="userResultMap"/>
    </resultMap>

    <resultMap id="blogResultMap" type="Blog">
        <id property="id" column="blog_id" />
        <result property="title" column="blog_title" />
        <!-- 将article list属性映射到collection -->
        <collection property="articles" ofType="Article" resultMap="articleResultMap"/>
    </resultMap>

    <!-- select语句 -->
    <select id="getBlogByID" parameterType="int" resultMap="blogResultMap">
       select user.id user_id,user.userName user_userName,user.userAddress user_userAddress,
       article.id article_id,article.title article_title,article.content article_content,
       blog.id blog_id, blog.title blog_title
       from user,article,blog
       where user.id=article.userid and blog.id=article.blogid and blog.id=#{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

IArticleOperation定义：

package com.mybatis.test;

import java.util.List;

public interface IArticleOperation {

    public List<Article> getUserArticles(int userID);
}

IBlogOperation定义：

package com.mybatis.test;

public interface IBlogOperation {

    Blog getBlogByID(int id);

}

Test类：

package com.mybatis.test;

import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class Test {

    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    private static Reader reader;

    static {
        try {
            //通过配置文件初始化sqlSessionFactory
            reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("Configuration.xml");
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static SqlSessionFactory getSession() {
        return sqlSessionFactory;
    }

    public void getUserByID(int userID) {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IUserOperation userOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IUserOperation.class);
            User user = userOperation.selectUserByID(userID);
            if (user != null) {
                System.out.println(user.getId() + ":" + user.getUserName()
                        + ":" + user.getUserAddress());
            }

        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    public void getUserList(String userName) {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IUserOperation userOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IUserOperation.class);
            List<User> users = userOperation.selectUsersByName(userName);
            for (User user : users) {
                System.out.println(user.getId() + ":" + user.getUserName()
                        + ":" + user.getUserAddress());
            }

        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加后要commit
     */
    public void addUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserAddress("place");
        user.setUserName("test_add");
        user.setUserAge(30);
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IUserOperation userOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IUserOperation.class);
            userOperation.addUser(user);
            session.commit();
            System.out.println("新增用户ID：" + user.getId());
        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 修改后要commit
     */
    public void updateUser() {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IUserOperation userOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IUserOperation.class);
            User user = userOperation.selectUserByID(1);
            if (user != null) {
                user.setUserAddress("A new place");
                userOperation.updateUser(user);
                session.commit();
            }
        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除后要commit.
     *
     * @param id
     */
    public void deleteUser(int id) {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IUserOperation userOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IUserOperation.class);
            userOperation.deleteUser(id);
            session.commit();
        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    public void getUserArticles(int userid) {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IArticleOperation articleOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IArticleOperation.class);
            List<Article> articles = articleOperation.getUserArticles(userid);
            for (Article article : articles) {
                System.out.println(article.getTitle() + ":"
                        + article.getContent() + "用户名："
                        + article.getUser().getUserName() + "用户地址："
                        + article.getUser().getUserAddress());
            }
        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    public void getBlogArticles(int blogid) {
        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            IBlogOperation blogOperation = session
                    .getMapper(IBlogOperation.class);
            Blog blog = blogOperation.getBlogByID(blogid);
            System.out.println(blog.getTitle() + ":");
            List<Article> articles = blog.getArticles();
            for (Article article : articles) {
                System.out.println(article.getTitle() + ":"
                        + article.getContent() + "用户名："
                        + article.getUser().getUserName() + "用户地址："
                        + article.getUser().getUserAddress());
                /*System.out.println(article.getTitle() + ":"
                        + article.getContent());*/
            }
        } finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Test test = new Test();
            // test.getUserByID(1);
            // test.getUserList("test1");
            // test.addUser();
            // test.updateUser();
            // test.deleteUser(6);

            //test.getUserArticles(1);

            test.getBlogArticles(1);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

}

Mybatis的“N+1查询问题”

示例：

    <resultMap id=”blogResult” type=”Blog”>
        <association property="author" column="blog_author_id"
            javaType="Author" select=”selectAuthor” />
    </resultMap>

    <select id=”selectBlog” parameterType=”int” resultMap=”blogResult”>
        SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE ID = #{id}
    </select>

    <select id=”selectAuthor” parameterType=”int” resultType="Author">
        SELECT * FROM AUTHOR WHERE ID = #{id}
    </select>

有两个查询语句：一个来加载博客，另外一个来加载作者，而且博客的结果映射描述了“selectAuthor”语句应该被用来加载它的 author 属性。

其他所有的属性将会被自动加载，假设它们的列和属性名相匹配。

这种方式很简单，但是对于大型数据集合和列表将不会表现很好。问题就是我们熟知的“N+1 查询问题”。概括地讲，N+1 查询问题可以是这样引起的：

你执行了一个单独的 SQL 语句来获取结果列表（就是“+1”）。

对返回的每条记录，你执行了一个查询语句来为每个加载细节（就是“N”）。

这个问题会导致成百上千的 SQL 语句被执行。这通常不是期望的。

可以采用关联的嵌套结果来解决这个问题：

    <resultMap id="blogResult" type="Blog">
        <id property=”id” column="blog_id" />
        <result property="title" column="blog_title" />
        <association property="author" column="blog_author_id"
            javaType="Author" resultMap=”authorResult” />
    </resultMap>

    <resultMap id="authorResult" type="Author">
        <id property="id" column="author_id" />
        <result property="username" column="author_username" />
        <result property="password" column="author_password" />
        <result property="email" column="author_email" />
        <result property="bio" column="author_bio" />
    </resultMap>

resultMap 这是结果映射的 ID，可以映射关联的嵌套结果到一个合适的对象图中。这是一种替代方法来调用另外一个查询语句。

代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/luxiaoxun/8056559

参考：

http://www.mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/sqlmap-xml.html