Gradle：Gradle入门

一、安装Gradle 

1.首先确保你安装的JDK1.5或以上版本号。 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>java -version
java version "1.8.0_65"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode) 

2.从官方站点下载对应的版本号，将下载文件解压到某个文件夹； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>gradle -v
------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 2.2.1
------------------------------------------------------------
Build time:   2014-11-24 09:45:35 UTC
Build number: none
Revision:     6fcb59c06f43a4e6b1bcb401f7686a8601a1fb4a
Groovy:       2.3.6
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013
JVM:          1.8.0_45 (Oracle Corporation 25.45-b02)
OS:           Windows 7 6.1 amd64

二、開始使用Gradle 

1.每一个Gradle构建都是一个脚本開始的，构建默认的脚本名称是build.gradle。

当运行gradle命令的时候。Gradle会去寻找名字为build.gradle的文件。

假设找不到，就会显示一个帮助信息。 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle
:help
Welcome to Gradle 2.2.1.
To run a build, run gradle <task> ...
To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks
To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.132 secs 

2.创建build.gradle文件，创建task叫做helloWorld，文件例如以下。并运行该任务：gradle -q helloWord； 

build.gradle文件 

task helloWorld{
    //task运行的最后一个目标
    doLast {
        println 'Hello world!'
    }
} 

运行task任务helloWord，通过-q定义可选命令行选项quiet。

 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q helloWorld
Hello world! 

3.创建新的build.gradle文件，演示gradle的task依赖dependsOn来说明task之间的依赖，Gradle和Ant非常好的集成，定义动态task，运行时指定它们的名字； 

build.gradle文件 

task startSession << {
    chant()
} 

def chant() {
    //隐含对Ant任务的使用
    ant.echo(message: 'Repeat after me ...')
} 

//动态任务的定义
3.times {
    task "yayGradle$it" << {
        println 'gradle tocks'
    }
} 

//依赖任务
yayGradle0.dependsOn startSession
yayGradle2.dependsOn yayGradle1, yayGradle0
task groupTherapy (dependsOn: yayGradle2) 

运行gradle构建，运行命令gralde groupTherapy。gradle task运行顺序：startSession->yayGradle0->yayGradle1->yayGradle2->groupTherapy； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy 

BUILD SUCCESSFUL 

Total time: 3.83 secs 

三、使用Gradle的命令行 

1.gradle提供了一个叫做tasks的帮助任务来帮助你查看构建脚本和显示每一个能够使用的task。包括描写叙述该task作用的信息； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks 

------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------
//任务组Build Setup，看做是多个task的集群
Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating]
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating] 

//Help任务组。列出了任务名字和它们的描写叙述
Help tasks
----------
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'HelloWorld'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'HelloWorld'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'HelloWorld'.
help - Displays a help message.
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'HelloWorld'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'HelloWorld'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'HelloWorld'. 

//假设某个task不属于不论什么一个任务组。那么它就会显示在Other tasks中
Other tasks
-----------
groupTherapy 

To see all tasks and more detail, run with --all. 

2.查看构建脚本中定义的其它的task； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks - -all
… …
Other tasks
-----------
//依赖关系图的根task，以运行顺序用缩进的方式列出依赖任务的名字
groupTherapy
    startSession
    yayGradle0
    yayGradle1
    yayGradle2 

四、任务运行 

1.通过在命令行中通过多个參数，一次运行多个任务。 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yayGradle0 groupTherapy
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy 

BUILD SUCCESSFUL 

Total time: 3.826 secs 

2.能够使用驼峰式的缩写在命令行上运行任务，任务名字的缩写必须是唯一的，Gradle才干找到对应的任务； 

正确运行 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy 

BUILD SUCCESSFUL 

Total time: 3.8 secs 

错误运行 
build.gradle文件 

task groupTherapy << {
} 

task generateTests << {
} 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception. 

* What went wrong:
Task 'yG0' not found in root project 'HelloWorld'. 

* Try:
Run gradle tasks to get a list of available tasks. Run with --stacktrace option
to get the stack trace. Run with                                               --info
or                                                                             --debug
option to get more log output. 

BUILD FAILED 

Total time: 4.423 secs 

3.在运行任务时排除一个任务，-x參数来实现； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy -x
//gradle排除了和它依赖的任务yayGradle0和startSession
yayGradle0
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy 

BUILD SUCCESSFUL 

Total time: 3.511 secs 

五、命令行选项 

1.-?,h,- -help：打印全部可用的命令行选项。包括描写叙述信息。 

2.-b,--build-file：运行一个特定名字的构建脚本。 

3.-i,--info：将Gradle的日志级别的改变到INFO以获得很多其它信息。 

4.-s,--stacktrace：构建在运行出现错误，有异常抛出时会打印出简短的堆栈跟踪信息。 

5.-q,--quiet：降低构建出错时打印出来的错误日志信息。 

 

六、Gradle守护进程 

1.守护进程以后台进程方式运行Gradle。一旦启动。gradle命令就会在兴许的构建中重用之前创建的守护进行，以避免启动时造成的开销； 

2.--daemon选项，守护进行仅仅会被创建一次。即时你在命令加了--daemon选项。 

3.守护进行会在3个小时空暇时之后自己主动活期。 

4.--no-daemon，手动停止守护进程； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy --daemon
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy 

BUILD SUCCESSFUL 

Total time: 2.171 secs