linux 系统扩容 VMware Centos---VMware ESXi
用到的命令
df fdisk pvcreate pvdisplay vgdisplay vgextend lvdisplay lvextend resize2fs
01) 使用了一段时间虚拟机后发现磁盘不够用了,需要扩容。在客户端操作扩容出现磁盘已成功扩展。
您必须从客户机操作系统内部对磁盘重新进行分区和扩展文件系统。 然后进centos7系统进行操作
02) 使用 df -h 查看磁盘空间大小
### 挂载跟目录节点的 /dev/mapper/centos-root 只有23容量
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 23G 23G 20K 100% /
devtmpfs 20G 0 20G 0% /dev
tmpfs 20G 4.0K 20G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 20G 8.5M 20G 1% /run
tmpfs 20G 0 20G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 120M 378M 25% /boot
[root@localhost ~]#
03) 使用 fdisk -l 命令查看磁盘信息
### 第一行 Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB 与实际 df -好现实内容不符,说明增加磁盘成功 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, bytes, sectors ---与上面(df -h)不符,说明新增成功
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0004148c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 24.1 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: MB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes [root@localhost ~]#
04) 使用 fdisk /dev/sda 创建新的分区
### 注意：不同操作系统的磁盘命名方式不同，有些是/dev/vda。
### 具体使用方式参考第三步中fdisk -l首行显示Disk。
### 如笔者在该系统中首行显示为Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, bytes ，故使用命令fdisk /dev/sda） [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m ---------#帮助命令
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n -----------#创建新分区
Partition type:
p primary ( primary, extended, free)
e extended
Select (default e): p -------#选择主分区
Selected partition
First sector (-, default ): ---#回车使用默认
Using default value
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ): ---#回车使用默认
Using default value
Partition of type Linux and of size GiB is set Command (m for help): t --------------#修改分区类型
Partition number (-, default ): ----------#回车使用默认值
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e -----#说明: 8e 是lvm磁盘类型
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): p ------#打印分区表 Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0004148c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w -------#保存退出
The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error : Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe() or kpartx() ---#这里提示重启系统
Syncing disks
05) 重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
06) 查看磁盘情况
### 核对刚才所做的分区操作是否保存成功 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0004148c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * Linux
/dev/sda2 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 8e Linux LVM ----#这里多出一块,说明保存成功 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 24.1 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: MB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes [root@localhost ~]#
07) 查看当前分区类型( 这里的类型会影响最后一步调整文件系统大小命令 xfs_growfs 还是 resize2fs )
[root@localhost ~]# df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 xfs % /boot
[root@localhost ~]#
08) 使用 pvcreate /dev/sda4 创建物理卷
### /dev/sda4 这里的4是上面刚才新增的分区
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]#
09) 使用pvdisplay 查看新建的物理卷大小
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Free PE
Allocated PE
PV UUID 7q1DBZ-n5ZX-1OPX-IN9w-SdAp-qekM-BfpVbc --- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 5.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Free PE
Allocated PE
PV UUID eOLd2K-aXSx-cA1M-hwJc-zqdq-7U4Y-ZE8d2R "/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "75.00 GiB" ----------#可以看到新增的75G
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name
PV Size 75.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size
Total PE
Free PE --------#现在这里看到的是0,在 lvextend 的时候还要重新查看
Allocated PE
PV UUID wyG3ZO-e1a0-3OHW-6afy-u90w-7Lc8-ddMnJL [root@localhost ~]#
10) 使用 vgdisplay 查看 vg 状态
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos --------------#这个名字在下面会用到
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas
Metadata Sequence No
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV
Cur LV
Open LV
Max PV
Cur PV
Act PV
VG Size 24.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Alloc PE / Size / 24.46 GiB
Free PE / Size / 40.00 MiB
VG UUID q6Omkk-sEkn-Ex9Y-gfSY-0URm-4z2E-0u9Euj [root@localhost ~]#
11) 使用 vgextend centos /dev/sda4 将添加新的物理卷加载到 centos 卷组
### centos 是我的服务器vg名称,可以通过vgdisplay查看vg状态得到名称
### /dev/sda4 是我刚刚新增的物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# ###---------- 注意这里可以由于系统空间不足出现报错 ------------
###---------- 手动去删除些没有用的文件 ------------
### 报错内容
### [root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
### Couldn't create temporary archive name.
### Volume group "centos" metadata archive failed.
### Internal error: Attempt to unlock unlocked VG #orphans.
### [root@localhost ~]#
### [root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
Couldn't create temporary archive name.
Volume group "centos" metadata archive failed.
Internal error: Attempt to unlock unlocked VG #orphans.
[root@localhost ~]#
12) 使用 lvdisplay 查看 lv 状态
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID d39rhF-bGNs-fWPE-ItwX-FNQe-QJ4h-taAm94
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, -- :: -
LV Status available
# open
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE
Segments
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to
Block device : --- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID rvepaR-xSYs-hPOy-vPWA-Oiuh-A0Je-j29Gk1
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, -- :: -
LV Status available
# open
LV Size 22.46 GiB
Current LE
Segments
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to
Block device : [root@localhost ~]#
13) 使用 lvextend 增加容量
## 使用 df -h 可以看到 /dev/mapper/centos-root 的名字
## 使用 pvdisplay 再次查看 free 的PE数量
[root@localhost data]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 23G 23G 52K % / -------# /dev/mapper/centos-root 这个名字要用
devtmpfs 20G 20G % /dev
tmpfs 20G .0K 20G % /dev/shm
tmpfs 20G 8.5M 20G % /run
tmpfs 20G 20G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 120M 378M % /boot
[root@localhost data]#
[root@localhost data]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Free PE
Allocated PE
PV UUID 7q1DBZ-n5ZX-1OPX-IN9w-SdAp-qekM-BfpVbc --- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 5.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Free PE
Allocated PE
PV UUID eOLd2K-aXSx-cA1M-hwJc-zqdq-7U4Y-ZE8d2R --- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos
PV Size 75.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE
Free PE --------#这个大小要用
Allocated PE
PV UUID wyG3ZO-e1a0-3OHW-6afy-u90w-7Lc8-ddMnJL [root@localhost data]# ###---------- 注意这里可以由于系统空间不足出现报错 ------------
###---------- 手动去删除些没有用的文件 ------------
### 报错内容
### [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l + /dev/mapper/centos-root
### Couldn't create temporary archive name.
### Volume group "centos" metadata archive failed.
### [root@localhost ~]#
###
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l + /dev/mapper/centos-root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 22.46 GiB ( extents) to 97.46 GiB ( extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]#
14-01) 查看当前分区类型(在下一步会用到)
### 我的是 xfs 类型(centos7系统)
[root@localhost ~]# df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 xfs % /boot
[root@localhost ~]# ###-----------或者使用
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab | grep centos-root
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults
[root@localhost ~]#
14-02) 使用 xfs_growfs (centos7)重新调整文件系统大小
### centos7中用 xfs_growfs
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize= agcount=, agsize= blks
= sectsz= attr=, projid32bit=
= crc= finobt=
data = bsize= blocks=, imaxpct=
= sunit= swidth= blks
naming =version bsize= ascii-ci= ftype=
log =internal bsize= blocks=, version=
= sectsz= sunit= blks, lazy-count=
realtime =none extsz= blocks=, rtextents=
data blocks changed from to
[root@localhost ~]# ### centos6中用 resize2fs
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
15) 最后一步检查磁盘空间,确认是否新增成功
root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 98G 23G 75G % / ----#新增成功
devtmpfs 20G 20G % /dev
tmpfs 20G .0K 20G % /dev/shm
tmpfs 20G 8.5M 20G % /run
tmpfs 20G 20G % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 120M 378M % /boot
[root@localhost ~]#
其他参考文章:
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