Django_admin组件

1、Django_admin组件的意义

作者：Eric
微信：loveoracle11g

新建Django项目bms图书管理系统

App为book

book/models.py添加表关系

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publishDate = models.DateField()
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    # 与Publish表建立一对多的关系，外键字段建立在多的一方
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 与Author表建立多对多的关系，ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个，自动创建第三张表
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author",)

敲两条命令迁移数据

F:\深圳骑士计划\crm\bms>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'book':
  book\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Author
    - Create model AuthorDetail
    - Create model Book
    - Create model Publish
    - Add field publish to book
    - Add field authorDetail to author

F:\深圳骑士计划\crm\bms>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, book, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying book.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

多出了一个db.sqlite3文件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

它给我跳转到登录界面了，它里面用的是redirect

打开Run manage.py Task

输入命令创建超级用户

manage.py@bms > createsuperuser
输入用户名：yuan
邮箱：不写
输入密码：yuan1234
再次输入密码：yuan1234

manage.py@bms > createsuperuser
"D:\Pycharm\PyCharm 2018.3.2\bin\runnerw64.exe" C:\Python36\python.exe "D:\Pycharm\PyCharm 2018.3.2\helpers\pycharm\django_manage.py" createsuperuser F:/深圳骑士计划/crm/bms
Tracking file by folder pattern:  migrations
Username (leave blank to use 'zhouwanchun'):  yuan
Email address:
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password:  yuan1234
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password (again):  yuan1234
Superuser created successfully.

那我们就可以登录了

在book/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

# from .models import Book, Publish, Author
from book.models import Book, Publish, Author

admin.site.register(Book)
admin.site.register(Publish)
admin.site.register(Author)

接下来项目重启，刷新浏览器

BOOK就是App应用

下面有三张表Authors、Books、Publishs

点击Publishs表，里面什么都没有，可以自己添加数据行，点击ADD PUBLISH

在book/models.py里面的class Publish下面添加

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

再来添加出版社

回到 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

点击 Publishs

再随便点击一个出版社，比如橘子出版社，发现有删除功能了

点击Delete，然后Yes I'm sure.  把这个橘子出版社就删除了。

看文件数据库这边跟着同步信息了

我们再把 橘子出版社 添加过来

回到首页 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

点击 Authors表，添加ADD AUTHOR

在book/models.py里面的class Author下面添加

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

再来添加一个作者，太白 20岁

点击Alex，可以删除，可以修改，那我们修改Alex为35岁

回到首页 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

点击Books， 添加ADD BOOK

在book/models.py里面的class Book下面添加

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

再添加一个书籍《三国演义》，但是我想让它加入到西瓜出版社，可以直接创建西瓜出版社

再来添加一本书籍《金瓶煤》

在book/admin.py添加修改

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

# from .models import Book, Publish, Author
from book.models import Book, Publish, Author

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish"]

admin.site.register(Book, BookConfig) # 意思是你展示Book时要听BookConfig的
admin.site.register(Publish)
admin.site.register(Author)

重启项目，刷新浏览器

这里还有一个批量删除功能

2、Django_admin组件的自定制列

我们再来创建一个App
manage.py@bms > startapp app01

项目配置文件注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'book.apps.BookConfig',
    'app01',
]

在app01/models.py里写

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Host(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

然后迁移数据

F:\深圳骑士计划\crm\bms>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'app01':
  app01\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Host

F:\深圳骑士计划\crm\bms>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, book, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying app01.0001_initial... OK

在app01/admin.py里面写

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from .models import Host

admin.site.register(Host)

然后重启项目，浏览器访问项目首页

查看页面：http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/app01/host/
添加页面：http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/app01/host/add/
编辑页面：http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/app01/host/1/change/    host后面数字1不固定
编辑页面：http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/app01/host/2/change/
删除页面：http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/app01/host/2/delete/

在book/admin.py里写，自定制显示列

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

# from .models import Book, Publish, Author
from book.models import Book, Publish, Author

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish"]

class PublishConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["name", "city", "email"]

admin.site.register(Book, BookConfig) # 意思是你展示Book时要听BookConfig的
admin.site.register(Publish, PublishConfig)
admin.site.register(Author)

重启项目，浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/book/publish/

自定制显示列，多对多

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

# from .models import Book, Publish, Author
from book.models import Book, Publish, Author

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 自定制显示列
    def show_authors(self, obj):
        return " , ".join([obj.name for obj in obj.authors.all()])

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors"]

class PublishConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["name", "city", "email"]

admin.site.register(Book, BookConfig) # 意思是你展示Book时要听BookConfig的
admin.site.register(Publish, PublishConfig)
admin.site.register(Author)

重启项目，浏览器访问： http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/book/book

在book/models.py里面的class Book添加修改

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publishDate = models.DateField()
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    state = models.IntegerField(choices=[(1, "已出版"), (0, "未出版")], default=1)

    # 与Publish表建立一对一的关系，外键字段建立在多的一方
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", to_field="nid", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 与Author表建立多对多的关系，ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个，自动创建第三张表
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author",)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

执行数据迁移

manage.py@bms > makemigrations
manage.py@bms > migrate

在book/admin.py里添加修改class BookConfig

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 自定制显示列
    def show_authors(self, obj):
        return " , ".join([obj.name for obj in obj.authors.all()])

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state"]

重启项目，浏览器刷新访问

嘿！它自己给我展示出来了"已出版"，现在我就想让它展示数据库里面存的那个值

在book/admin.py里面添加修改

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 自定制显示列
    def show_authors(self, obj):
        return " , ".join([obj.name for obj in obj.authors.all()])

    def show_state(self, obj):
        return obj.state

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state", "show_state"]

重启项目，刷新浏览器访问

你要是这样写的话

    def show_state(self, obj):
        # return obj.state
        return obj.get_state_display()

是不是和左边的state显示一样了呀

3、Django_admin组件的其他功能

我们设备按着日期时间超链接

class BookConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 自定制显示列
    def show_authors(self, obj):
        return " , ".join([obj.name for obj in obj.authors.all()])

    def show_state(self, obj):
        # return obj.state
        return obj.get_state_display()

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state", "show_state"]
    list_display_links = ["publishDate",]

重启项目，刷新浏览器

想加几个加几个超链接

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state", "show_state"]
    list_display_links = ["title", "publishDate"]

重启项目，刷新浏览器

添加搜索框功能

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state", "show_state"]
    list_display_links = ["title", "publishDate"]
    search_fields = ["title"]

搜索三国，看三国演义出来了吧。

批量处理功能

    list_display = ["title", "publishDate", "price", "publish", "show_authors", "state", "show_state"]
    list_display_links = ["title", "publishDate"]
    search_fields = ["title"]
    # action操作
    def patch_init(self, request, queryset):
        print("OK")
    patch_init.short_description = "批量处理"  # 起个中文名字
    actions = [patch_init]

批量处理书籍的价格

    # action操作
    def patch_init(self, request, queryset):
        print("OK")
        queryset.update(price=0)
    patch_init.short_description = "价格初始化为0元"  # 起个中文名字
    actions = [patch_init]

多级过滤框

    list_filter = ["publish"]

它是可以放多对多字段的
    list_filter = ["publish", "authors"]

排序，按照书籍的价格，首先你要编辑所有书籍的价格，因为刚才价格重置为0了

    ordering = ["price"]  # 默认升序

    ordering = ["-price"]  # 降序排列

    ordering = ["-price", "-nid"]  # 如果价格一样，可以按照id排列

    change_list_template = "index.html"  # 以后前端工程师写好了网页，你拿过来放在templates目录里直接用就行了。现在Django用的自己html文件

本节课内容写完