SMACH（五）----用户数据UserData类和重映射Remapper类的原理和例子

用户数据UserData类和重映射Remapper类包含在smach中的user_data.py文件中实现，该博文主要介绍其原理和例子

• UserData主要用于状态之间的数据传递，包括数据的输入input_keys和输出output_keys。用户数据做为状态的execute函数的参数来使用。而输入和输出的初始化在状态的__init__中进行初始化。数据结构可以表示为树状：

　　　　UserData

　　　　-- input_keys

　　　　--output_keys

• Rempaper主要用于用户数据中的输入input_keys和输出键output_keys的名字重映射。和消息的重映射的思路相同。

　　进一步关于UserData如何在状态之间传递和指定输入输出键的，请参考如下的资料：

　　　　原理：The principle of Passing User Data between States

　　　　例子：The example of Passing User Data between States

1、源码注释

具体的中文翻译解释和一些额外的注释，请看如下的实现代码：

import threading
import copy
 
import smach
 
__all__ = ['UserData','Remapper']#用"__all__"导出UserData，Remapper两个类
 
#用户数据，用于状态之间的传递，输入或输出
class UserData(object):
    """SMACH user data structure."""
    '''SMACH  用户数据结构'''
    def __init__(self):
        self._data = {}
        self._locks = {}
        self.__initialized = True
 
    def update(self, other_userdata):
        """Combine this userdata struct with another.
        This overwrites duplicate keys with values from C{other_userdata}.
        """
        '''将外加的用户数据和原有的用户数据合并，重复关键字的会更新相应的值'''
        # Merge data
        # 合并数据
        self._data.update(other_userdata._data)
 
    def extract(self, keys, remapping):
        ud = UserData()
        reverse_remapping = {remapping[k]: k for k in remapping}
        if len(reverse_remapping) != len(remapping):
            smach.logerr("SMACH userdata remapping is not one-to-one: " + str(remapping))
        for k in keys:
            rmk = k
            if k in reverse_remapping:
                rmk = reverse_remapping[k]
            ud[rmk] = copy.copy(self[k])
        return ud
 
    def merge(self, ud, keys, remapping):
        for k in keys:
            rmk = k
            if k in remapping:
                rmk = remapping[k]
            self[rmk] = copy.copy(ud[k])
 
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.__getattr__(key)
 
    def __setitem__(self, key, item):
        self._data[key] = item
 
    def keys(self):
        return list(self._data.keys())
 
    def __contains__(self,key):
        return key in self._data
 
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """Override getattr to be thread safe."""
        '''重写getattr是线程安全的'''
        if name[0] == '_':
            return object.__getattr__(self, name)
        if not name in self._locks.keys():
            self._locks[name] = threading.Lock()
 
        try:
            with self._locks[name]:
                temp = self._data[name]
        except:
            smach.logerr("Userdata key '%s' not available. Available keys are: %s" % (name, str(list(self._data.keys()))))
            raise KeyError()
 
        return temp
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        """Override setattr to be thread safe."""
        '''重写setattr是线程安全的'''
        # If we're still in __init__ don't do anything special
        if name[0] == '_' or '_UserData__initialized' not in self.__dict__:
            return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
 
        if not name in self._locks.keys():
            self._locks[name] = threading.Lock()
 
        self._locks[name].acquire()
        self._data[name] = value
        self._locks[name].release()
 
# Const wrapper
def get_const(obj):
    """Get a const reference to an object if it has "user-defined" attributes."""
    '''如果obj有“user-defined”属性，那么返回obj的一个常引用'''
    if hasattr(obj,'__dict__'):
        smach.logdebug("Making const '%s'" % str(obj))
        return Const(obj)
    else:
        return obj
 
#object对象常量化
class Const(object):
    """Wrapper that treats "user-defined" fields as immutable.
 
    This wrapper class is used when user data keys are specified as input keys,
    but not as output keys.
    """
 
    '''一个对object的封装器，将object中的“user-defined”的域设置为不可改变，即只读
 
    当用户数据的keys中被指定了input keys，但没有 output keys时，会用到这个封装器。
    '''
    def __init__(self, obj):
        smach.logdebug("Making const '%s'" % str(obj))
        self._obj = obj
        self.__initialized = True
 
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        smach.logdebug("Getting '%s' from const wrapper." % name)
        attr = getattr(self._obj,name)
        return get_const(attr)
 
    def __getitem__(self, name):
        smach.logdebug("Getting '%s' from const wrapper." % name)
        attr = self._obj[name]
        return get_const(attr)
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if '_const__initialized' not in self.__dict__:
            return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
        smach.logerr("Attempting to set '%s' but this member is read-only." % name)
        raise TypeError()
 
    def __delattr__(self, name):
        smach.logerr("Attempting to delete '%s' but this member is read-only." % name)
        raise TypeError()
 
#用户数据结构的键值重映射
class Remapper(object):
    """Key-remapping proxy to a SMACH userdata structure."""
    '''对Smach 用户数据结构的一个键值重映射代理'''
    def __init__(self, ud, input_keys=[], output_keys=[], remapping={}):
        self._ud = ud
        self._input = input_keys
        self._output = output_keys
        self._map =  remapping
        self.__initialized = True
 
    def _remap(self, key):
        """Return either the key or it's remapped value."""
        '''返回key‘s value或者remapped’s value'''
        if key in self._map:
            return self._map[key]
        return key
 
    def update(self, other_userdata):
        self._ud.update(other_userdata)
 
    def __getitem__(self, key):#“__“两个下划线表示内置函数，类似inline？；“_“一个下划线表示私有函数
        if key not in self._input:
            raise smach.InvalidUserCodeError("Reading from SMACH userdata key '%s' but the only keys that were declared as input to this state were: %s. This key needs to be declaread as input to this state. " % (key, self._input))
        if key not in self._output:
            return get_const(self._ud.__getitem__(self._remap(key)))
        return self._ud.__getitem__(self._remap(key))
 
    def __setitem__(self, key, item):
        if key not in self._output:
            smach.logerr("Writing to SMACH userdata key '%s' but the only keys that were declared as output from this state were: %s." % (key, self._output))
            return
        self._ud.__setitem__(self._remap(key),item)
 
    def keys(self):
        return [self._remap(key) for key in self._ud.keys() if key in self._input]
 
    def __contains__(self,key):
        if key in self._input:
            return self._remap(key) in self._ud
        else:
            return False
 
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name[0] == '_':
            return object.__getattr__(self, name)
        if name not in self._input:
            raise smach.InvalidUserCodeError("Reading from SMACH userdata key '%s' but the only keys that were declared as input to this state were: %s. This key needs to be declaread as input to this state. " % (name, self._input))
        if name not in self._output:
            return get_const(getattr(self._ud, self._remap(name)))
        return getattr(self._ud, self._remap(name))
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if name[0] == '_' or '_Remapper__initialized' not in self.__dict__:
            return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
        if name not in self._output:
            smach.logerr("Writing to SMACH userdata key '%s' but the only keys that were declared as output from this state were: %s." % (name, self._output))
            return None
        setattr(self._ud, self._remap(name), value)

2、例子-用户数据和键值重映射

参考ROS的smach例程，例子：The example of Passing User Data between States

#!/usr/bin/env python
 
import roslib; roslib.load_manifest('smach_tutorials')
import rospy
import smach
import smach_ros
 
# define state Foo
class Foo(smach.State):
    def __init__(self):
        smach.State.__init__(self,
                             outcomes=['outcome1','outcome2'],
                             input_keys=['foo_counter_in'],#键初始化
                             output_keys=['foo_counter_out'])
 
    def execute(self, userdata):#用户数据做为参数使用
        rospy.loginfo('Executing state FOO')
        if userdata.foo_counter_in < 3:
            userdata.foo_counter_out = userdata.foo_counter_in + 1
            return 'outcome1'
        else:
            return 'outcome2'
 
# define state Bar
class Bar(smach.State):
    def __init__(self):
        smach.State.__init__(self,
                             outcomes=['outcome1'],
                             input_keys=['bar_counter_in'])#键对初始化
 
    def execute(self, userdata):#用户数据做为参数使用
        rospy.loginfo('Executing state BAR')
        rospy.loginfo('Counter = %f'%userdata.bar_counter_in)
        return 'outcome1'
 
def main():
    rospy.init_node('smach_example_state_machine')
 
    # Create a SMACH state machine
    sm = smach.StateMachine(outcomes=['outcome4'])
    sm.userdata.sm_counter = 0
 
    # Open the container
    with sm:
        # Add states to the container
        smach.StateMachine.add('FOO', Foo(),
                               transitions={'outcome1':'BAR',
                                            'outcome2':'outcome4'},
                               remapping={'foo_counter_in':'sm_counter',
                                          'foo_counter_out':'sm_counter'})
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
        smach.StateMachine.add('BAR', Bar(),
                               transitions={'outcome1':'FOO'},
                               remapping={'bar_counter_in':'sm_counter'})#键值重映射，重映射的名字可以根据具体的业务指定，这样更易于理解
 
    # Execute SMACH plan
    outcome = sm.execute()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()