Python处理PDF及生成多层PDF

Python提供了众多的PDF支持库，本文是在Python3环境下，试用了两个库来完成PDF的生成的功能。PyPDF对于读取PDF支持较好，但是没找到生成多层PDF的方法。Reportlab看起来更成熟，能够利用Canvas很方便的生成多层PDF，这样就能够实现图片扫描上来的内容也可以进行内容搜索的目标。

Reportlab

生成双层PDF

双层PDF应用PDF中的Canvas概念，先画文字，最后将图片画上去，这样就是两层的PDF。

import os
# import urllib2
import time
from reportlab import platypus
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Image
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
image_file = "./42.png"
# Use Canvas to generate pdf
c = canvas.Canvas('reportlab_canvas.pdf', pagesize=letter)
width, height = letter
c.setFillColorRGB(0,0.77,0.77)
# say hello (note after rotate the y coord needs to be negative!)
c.drawString( 3*inch, 3*inch, "Hello World")
c.drawImage(image_file, 0 , 0)
c.showPage()
c.save()

PyPDF2

读取PDF

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileWriter, PdfFileReader
output = PdfFileWriter()
input1 = PdfFileReader(open("jquery.pdf", "rb"))
# print document info
print(input1.getDocumentInfo())
# print how many pages input1 has:
print ("pdf_document.pdf has %d pages." % input1.getNumPages())
# print page content
page_content = input1.getPage(0).extractText()
print( page_content )
# add page 1 from input1 to output document, unchanged
output.addPage(input1.getPage(0))
# add page 2 from input1, but rotated clockwise 90 degrees
output.addPage(input1.getPage(1).rotateClockwise(90))
# finally, write "output" to document-output.pdf
outputStream = open("PyPDF2-output.pdf", "wb")
output.write(outputStream)

但是PyPDF获取PDF内容有很多问题，可以看这个问题列表。文档中也有说明。

| extractText(self) | ## | # Locate all text drawing commands, in the order they are provided in the | # content stream, and extract the text. This works well for some PDF | # files, but poorly for others, depending on the generator used. This will | # be refined in the future. Do not rely on the order of text coming out of | # this function, as it will change if this function is made more | # sophisticated. | #

| # Stability: Added in v1.7, will exist for all future v1.x releases. May | # be overhauled to provide more ordered text in the future. | # @return a unicode string object

参考资料：

1、PDF 1.0

2、PyPDF 2

3、PyPDF2 Homepage

4、PyPDF2 Documentation

5、python name 'file' is not defined的解决办法

6、ReportLab

7、用Python/reportlab生成PDF

8、Writing Pdf with Python: Add image