Django restframe 视图函数以及ModelSerializer的使用

建立model数据库

from django.db import models
__all__ = ['Book', 'Publisher', 'Author']
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    CHOICES = ((1, 'python'), (2, 'linux'), (3, 'go'))
    category = models.IntegerField(choices=CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='分类')
    pub_time = models.DateField(verbose_name='出版日期')
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to='Publisher', verbose_name='出版社')
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', verbose_name='作者')
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'book'
        verbose_name = '书籍表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='出版社')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='地址')
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'publisher'
        verbose_name = '出版社表表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='作者')
    country = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='国家')
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'author'
        verbose_name = '作者表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

数据库部分一共三张表，书籍表以及作则和出版社表

admin注册

from django.contrib import admin
from SerDemo import models
# Register your models here.
for table in models.__all__:
    admin.site.register(getattr(models,table))

这里用到了小技巧，利用导入的models.__all__循环批量注册model模型

序列器的实现

在项目下新建serializers,py文件

from rest_framework import serializers
from SerDemo.models import Book, Author, Publisher
# 自定义检验函数在字段参数validators中作为参数添加
def my_validate(value):
    if "敏感词汇" in value.lower():
        raise serializers.ValidationError("输入的信息含有敏感词汇")
    return value
### 创建django序列化器类,继承serializers.ModelSerializer字段可自动关联
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ## 需要重写的字段，SerializerMethodField 会去找get_字段名的函数并执行获取返回值作为字段值
    category_read = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True,validators=[my_validate,])
    publisher_read = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
    authors_read = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
    # category_read的钩子函数，返回要显示的值，注意obj是每个要显示到前端的数据对象
    def get_category_read(self,obj):
        return obj.get_category_display()
    # publisher_read的钩子函数，返回要显示的值
    def get_publisher_read(self,obj):
        return {'id':obj.publisher_id,'title':obj.publisher.name}
    def get_authors_read(self,obj):
        ret = [{'id':i.id,'name':i.name} for i in obj.authors.all()]
        return ret
    ## 全局校验钩子函数
    def validate(self, attrs):
        # attrs 包含所有字段的数据
        if 'se' in attrs['title']:
            #如果敏感词汇在title字段中则抛出错误
            raise serializers.ValidationError('含有敏感词汇')
        # 否则返回原信息
        return attrs
    # 局部校验钩子函数validate_+字段名
    def validate_title(self, data):
        if 'se' in data:
            raise serializers.ValidationError('含有敏感词汇')
        return data
    # 序列化器的元信息
    class Meta:
        # 绑定的数据表model
        model=Book
        #要展示的表的字段
        fields = '__all__'
        # depth = 1
        # depth 让你所有的外键关系变成read_only=True,不建议使用
        # 额外要添加的字段的属性参数
        extra_kwargs = {
            'category':{'write_only':True},
            'publisher': {'write_only': True},
            'authors':{'write_only':True},
        }

路由以及视图函数部分

from django.conf.urls import url
from SerDemo.views import BooklistView,EditBookView
urlpatterns = [
    # 展示书籍信息路由
    url(r'^booklist/',BooklistView.as_view()),
    #编辑书籍路由，接受id参数
    url(r'^editbook/(?P<id>\d+)/',EditBookView.as_view())
]

视图部分

展示所有书籍数据和添加数据视图，

class BooklistView(ListCreateModelMixin):
    #get 请求发送所有数据给前端
    def get(self, request):
        # 获取数据库中所有数据对象
        query_set = Book.objects.all()
        # 将queryset对象传给序列化器实例化，many=True告诉序列化器这是多个对象
        ser_obj = BookSerializer(query_set, many=True)
        # 所有要显示的数据都在ser_obj.data中用restframe的Response返回
       return Response(ser_obj.data)
    # post请求为添加数据
    def post(self, request):
        # 序列化前端传过来的数据（request.data）
        ser_obj = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        # 校验各字段数据是否符合要求
        if ser_obj.is_valid():
            ser_obj.save()
            return Response(ser_obj.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser_obj.errors)

编辑数据和删除书籍部分

class EditBookView(UpdateDestroyModelMixin):
    # 展示当前要编辑的数据对象
    def get(self, request, id):
    #根据url中的id参数获取要编辑数据对象
        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            # 返回给前端页面
            ser_obj = BookSerializer(book_obj)
            return Response(ser_obj.data)
        return Response('没有')
    #put请求对应修改数据
    def put(self, request, id):
        #根据url中的id参数获取要编辑数据对象
        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            #将前端提交的数据和要修改的对象传给序列化器partial=True允许只修改部分字段数据
            ser_obj = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=book_obj, partial=True)
            if ser_obj.is_valid():
                ser_obj.save()
                return Response(ser_obj.data)
            else:
                return Response(ser_obj.errors)
    def delete(self,request,id):
        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            book_obj.delete()
            return Response('')
        return Response('没有次对象')

模仿djngo restframe源码封装各个方法

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from django.http import JsonResponse
import json
from SerDemo.models import Author, Publisher, Book
from django import views
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from SerDemo.serializers import BookSerializer
# 把每个方法抽离出来
class GenericAPIView(APIView):
    query_set = None
    serializer_class = None
    def _get_queryset(self):
        return self.query_set
    def _get_serializer(self,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.serializer_class(*args,**kwargs)
class ListModelMixin:
   def list(self):
       query_set = self._get_queryset().all()
       ser_obj = self._get_serializer(query_set, many=True)
       return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateModelMixin:
    def create(self,request):
        ser_obj = self._get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser_obj.is_valid():
            ser_obj.save()
            return Response(ser_obj.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class RetrieveModelMixin:
    def retrieve(self,id):
        book_obj = self._get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            ser_obj = self._get_serializer(book_obj)
            return Response(ser_obj.data)
        return Response('没有')
class UpdateModelMixin:
    def update(self,request,id):
        book_obj = self._get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            ser_obj = self._get_serializer(data=request.data, instance=book_obj, partial=True)
            if ser_obj.is_valid():
                ser_obj.save()
                return Response(ser_obj.data)
            else:
                return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class DestroyModelMixin:
    def destroy(self,id):
        book_obj = self._get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
        if book_obj:
            book_obj.delete()
            return Response('')
        return Response('没有次对象')
class ListCreateModelMixin(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    pass
class UpdateDestroyModelMixin(GenericAPIView,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin):
    pass
class BooklistView(ListCreateModelMixin):
    query_set = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self, request):
        # query_set = Book.objects.all()
        # ser_obj = BookSerializer(query_set, many=True)
        # return Response(ser_obj.data)
        return self.list()
    def post(self, request):
        # ser_obj = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        # if ser_obj.is_valid():
        #     ser_obj.save()
        #     return Response(ser_obj.data)
        # else:
        #     return Response(ser_obj.errors)
        return self.create(request)
class EditBookView(UpdateDestroyModelMixin):
    query_set = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self, request, id):
        # book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        # if book_obj:
        #     ser_obj = BookSerializer(book_obj)
        #     return Response(ser_obj.data)
        # return Response('没有')
        return self.retrieve(id)
    def put(self, request, id):
        # book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        # if book_obj:
        #     ser_obj = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=book_obj, partial=True)
        #     if ser_obj.is_valid():
        #         ser_obj.save()
        #         return Response(ser_obj.data)
        #     else:
        #         return Response(ser_obj.errors)
        return self.update(request,id)
    def delete(self,request,id):
        # book_obj = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        # if book_obj:
        #     book_obj.delete()
        #     return Response('')
        # return Response('没有次对象')
        return self.destroy(id)