Memcached笔记——(一)安装&常规错误&监控
08年的时候接触过Memcached,当时还对它的客户端产品嗤之以鼻,毕竟手工代码没有各种ORM原生XML配置方便。尽管如此,Memcached现在已经成了服务器架构里不可或缺的一部分!
相关链接:
Memcached笔记——(一)安装&常规错误&监控
Memcached笔记——(二)XMemcached&Spring集成
Memcached笔记——(三)Memcached使用总结
Memcached笔记——(四)应对高并发攻击
一、下载
1.Libevent
简单的说就是一个事件触发的网络库,Memcached离不开它。
- wget http://cloud.github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz
wget http://cloud.github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz
2.Memcached
今天的主角
- wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
二、安装
1.Libevent
解压缩
- tar zxvf libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz
tar zxvf libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz
编译、安装
- ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
这里一定要注意指定--prefix,后面配置memcached的时候就有必要用到。
2.Memcached
解压
- tar zxvf memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
tar zxvf memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
编译、安装
- ./configure --with-libevent=/usr/lib && make && make install
./configure --with-libevent=/usr/lib && make && make install
这里一定要指定libevent的路径,否则启动的时候就有找不到libevent的so文件的错误!
启动
- memcached -d -m 512 -p
11211 -u root -c
256 -P /var/run/memcached.pid
memcached -d -m 512 -p 11211 -u root -c 256 -P /var/run/memcached.pid
参数
-p <num> TCP port number to listen on (default: 11211)
-U <num> UDP port number to listen on (default: 11211, 0 is off)
-l <addr> interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY, all addresses)
<addr> may be specified as host:port. If you don't specify
a port number, the value you specified with -p or -U is
used. You may specify multiple addresses separated by comma
or by using -l multiple times
-d run as a daemon
-u <username> assume identity of <username> (only when run as root)
-m <num> max memory to use for items in megabytes (default: 64 MB)
-M return error on memory exhausted (rather than removing items)
-c <num> max simultaneous connections (default: 1024)
-v verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop)
-P <file> save PID in <file>, only used with -d option
要关掉memcached
- kill -9 `cat /var/run/memcached.pid`
kill -9 `cat /var/run/memcached.pid`
是否正常?Telnet上去看看
- telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 11211
telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 11211
然后输入
- stats
stats
接着就能看到:
STAT pid 3021
STAT uptime 3621
STAT time 1331261509
STAT version 1.4.13
STAT libevent 2.0.17-stable
STAT pointer_size 64
STAT rusage_user 0.000000
STAT rusage_system 0.000999
STAT curr_connections 6
STAT total_connections 7
STAT connection_structures 7
STAT reserved_fds 20
STAT cmd_get 0
STAT cmd_set 0
STAT cmd_flush 0
STAT cmd_touch 0
STAT get_hits 0
STAT get_misses 0
STAT delete_misses 0
STAT delete_hits 0
STAT incr_misses 0
STAT incr_hits 0
STAT decr_misses 0
STAT decr_hits 0
STAT cas_misses 0
STAT cas_hits 0
STAT cas_badval 0
STAT touch_hits 0
STAT touch_misses 0
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 72
STAT bytes_written 1038
STAT limit_maxbytes 52428800
STAT accepting_conns 1
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT threads 4
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT hash_power_level 16
STAT hash_bytes 524288
STAT hash_is_expanding 0
STAT expired_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_unfetched 0
STAT bytes 0
STAT curr_items 0
STAT total_items 0
STAT evictions 0
STAT reclaimed 0
END
上面状况说明Memcached服务正常。
还可以试试get、set、delete、replace
bar (数据)
STORED (结果)
get foo (取得命令)
VALUE foo 0 3 (数据)
bar (数据)
输入
- quit
quit
退出。
三、系统服务
参照Nginx的系统服务,自己写了一个Memcached的系统服务脚本。
先构建/etc/init.d/memcahed这个文件,然后赋予其可执行权限:
- touch /etc/init.d/memcached
- chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
touch /etc/init.d/memcached
chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
memcached脚本如下:
- #!/bin/bash
- # v.0.0.1
- # create by snowolf at 2012.5.25
- #
- # memcached - This shell script takes care of starting and stopping memcached.
- #
- # chkconfig: - 90
10 - # description: Memcache provides fast memory based storage.
- # processname: memcached
- memcached_path="/usr/local/bin/memcached"
- memcached_pid="/var/run/memcached.pid"
- memcached_memory="1024"
- # Source function library.
- . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
- [ -x $memcached_path ] || exit 0
- RETVAL=0
- prog="memcached"
- # Start daemons.
- start() {
- if [ -e $memcached_pid -a ! -z $memcached_pid ];then
- echo $prog" already running...."
- exit 1
- fi
- echo -n $"Starting $prog "
- # Single instance for all caches
- $memcached_path -m $memcached_memory -l 0.0.0.0 -p
11211 -u root -d -P $memcached_pid - RETVAL=$?
- [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && {
- touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog
- success $"$prog"
- }
- echo
- return $RETVAL
- }
- # Stop daemons.
- stop() {
- echo -n $"Stopping $prog "
- killproc -d 10 $memcached_path
- echo
- [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $memcached_pid /var/lock/subsys/$prog
- RETVAL=$?
- return $RETVAL
- }
- # See how we were called.
- case "$1" in
- start)
- start
- ;;
- stop)
- stop
- ;;
- status)
- status $prog
- RETVAL=$?
- ;;
- restart)
- stop
- start
- ;;
- *)
- echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
- exit 1
- esac
- exit $RETVAL
#!/bin/bash
# v.0.0.1
# create by snowolf at 2012.5.25
#
# memcached - This shell script takes care of starting and stopping memcached.
#
# chkconfig: - 90 10
# description: Memcache provides fast memory based storage.
# processname: memcached memcached_path="/usr/local/bin/memcached"
memcached_pid="/var/run/memcached.pid"
memcached_memory="1024" # Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions [ -x $memcached_path ] || exit 0 RETVAL=0
prog="memcached" # Start daemons.
start() {
if [ -e $memcached_pid -a ! -z $memcached_pid ];then
echo $prog" already running...."
exit 1
fi echo -n $"Starting $prog "
# Single instance for all caches
$memcached_path -m $memcached_memory -l 0.0.0.0 -p 11211 -u root -d -P $memcached_pid
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && {
touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog
success $"$prog"
}
echo
return $RETVAL
} # Stop daemons.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog "
killproc -d 10 $memcached_path
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $memcached_pid /var/lock/subsys/$prog RETVAL=$?
return $RETVAL
} # See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
注意这几行配置,请根据实际情况配置memcached执行文件路径,以及Memcached使用内存大小:
memcached_memory="1024"
追加为系统服务:
- chkconfig --add memcached
- chkconfig memcached on
chkconfig --add memcached
chkconfig memcached on
然后就可以通过service memcached start|stop|status|restart控制memcached了!
四、常规错误
一开始没有指定libevent路径安装memcached的时候,启动memcached就报这个错误:
其实这个文件就在/usr/lib下。错就错在Linux是64bit系统,如果没有指定libevent路径,memcached就会去/usr/lib64下去找。
找到这个文件
- whereis libevent-2.0.so.5
whereis libevent-2.0.so.5
- ldd /usr/local/bin/memcached
ldd /usr/local/bin/memcached
提示找不到libevent-2.0.so.5
libevent-2.0.so.5 => not found
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000003c94a00000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000003c93a00000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003c92e00000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003c92a00000)
定位
- LD_DEBUG=libs /usr/local/bin/memcached -v
LD_DEBUG=libs /usr/local/bin/memcached -v
19905: search path=/usr/lib/lib/tls/x86_64:/usr/lib/lib/tls:/usr/lib/lib/x86_64:/usr/lib/lib (RPATH from file /usr/local/bin/memcached)
19905: trying file=/usr/lib/lib/tls/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib/lib/tls/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib/lib/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache
19905: search path=/lib64/tls/x86_64:/lib64/tls:/lib64/x86_64:/lib64:/usr/lib64/tls/x86_64:/usr/lib64/tls:/usr/lib64/x86_64:/usr/lib64 (system search path)
19905: trying file=/lib64/tls/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/lib64/tls/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/lib64/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib64/tls/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib64/tls/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib64/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905: trying file=/usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
19905:
/usr/local/bin/memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
注意这句:
做个软连接
- ln -s /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
ln -s /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
再试试:
- ldd /usr/local/bin/memcached
ldd /usr/local/bin/memcached
这回找到了!
libevent-2.0.so.5 => /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5 (0x00002b5608a26000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000003c94a00000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000003c93a00000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003c92e00000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003c92a00000)
五、监控
可以在服务器上配置一个PHP页面来监测Memcached的情况,
下载MemcachePHP
配置也比较简单,主要包括账户配置,以及Memcached Server地址配置。
- define('ADMIN_USERNAME','memcache');
// Admin Username - define('ADMIN_PASSWORD','password');
// Admin Password - define('DATE_FORMAT','Y/m/d H:i:s');
- define('GRAPH_SIZE',200);
- define('MAX_ITEM_DUMP',50);
- $MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server1:11211';
// add more as an array - $MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server2:11211';
// add more as an array
define('ADMIN_USERNAME','memcache'); // Admin Username
define('ADMIN_PASSWORD','password'); // Admin Password
define('DATE_FORMAT','Y/m/d H:i:s');
define('GRAPH_SIZE',200);
define('MAX_ITEM_DUMP',50); $MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server1:11211'; // add more as an array
$MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server2:11211'; // add more as an array
常见错误:
this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/usr/local/apache.../memcache.php on line 726
在memcache.php顶端加上“date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Hong_Kong');”即可,具体地域设置参考:http://www.php.net/manual/zh/datetime.configuration.php#ini.date.timezone
如果不方便搭建PHP服务,可以使用Perl脚本memcache-top
修改@default_instances或使用--instances参数:
- perl memcache-top-v0.6 --instances
10.11.155.26
10.11.155.41
perl memcache-top-v0.6 --instances 10.11.155.26 10.11.155.41
先到这里,后续做压力测试,Java客户端开发,Spring系统集成等。
相关链接:
Memcached笔记——(一)安装&常规错误&监控
Memcached笔记——(二)XMemcached&Spring集成
Memcached笔记——(三)Memcached使用总结
Memcached笔记——(四)应对高并发攻击
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