大数据入门第二十四天——SparkStreaming（一）入门与示例

一、概述

　　1.什么是spark streaming

　　Spark Streaming is an extension of the core Spark API that enables scalable, high-throughput, fault-tolerant stream processing of live data streams.

　　中文的简明介绍如下：

　　Spark Streaming类似于Apache Storm，用于流式数据的处理。根据其官方文档介绍，Spark Streaming有高吞吐量和容错能力强等特点。Spark Streaming支持的数据输入源很多，例如：Kafka、Flume、Twitter、ZeroMQ和简单的TCP套接字等等。数据输入后可以用Spark的高度抽象原语如：map、reduce、join、window等进行运算。而结果也能保存在很多地方，如HDFS，数据库等。另外Spark Streaming也能和MLlib（机器学习）以及Graphx完美融合。

　　从官网可以看到主要的特性与处理的流程：

　　

二、编程模型DStream

　　　　1.什么是DStream

　　Discretized Stream是Spark Streaming的基础抽象，代表持续性的数据流和经过各种Spark原语操作后的结果数据流。在内部实现上，DStream是一系列连续的RDD来表示。每个RDD含有一段时间间隔内的数据，如下图：

　　

　　　　2.DStream的相关操作

　　DStream上的原语与RDD的类似，分为Transformations（转换）和Output Operations（输出）两种，此外转换操作中还有一些比较特殊的原语，如：updateStateByKey()、transform()以及各种Window相关的原语。

　　常见操作如下：

　　

Transformation	Meaning
map(func)	Return a new DStream by passing each element of the source DStream through a function func.
flatMap(func)	Similar to map, but each input item can be mapped to 0 or more output items.
filter(func)	Return a new DStream by selecting only the records of the source DStream on which func returns true.
repartition(numPartitions)	Changes the level of parallelism in this DStream by creating more or fewer partitions.
union(otherStream)	Return a new DStream that contains the union of the elements in the source DStream and otherDStream.
count()	Return a new DStream of single-element RDDs by counting the number of elements in each RDD of the source DStream.
reduce(func)	Return a new DStream of single-element RDDs by aggregating the elements in each RDD of the source DStream using a function func (which takes two arguments and returns one). The function should be associative so that it can be computed in parallel.
countByValue()	When called on a DStream of elements of type K, return a new DStream of (K, Long) pairs where the value of each key is its frequency in each RDD of the source DStream.
reduceByKey(func, [numTasks])	When called on a DStream of (K, V) pairs, return a new DStream of (K, V) pairs where the values for each key are aggregated using the given reduce function. Note: By default, this uses Spark's default number of parallel tasks (2 for local mode, and in cluster mode the number is determined by the config property spark.default.parallelism) to do the grouping. You can pass an optional numTasks argument to set a different number of tasks.
join(otherStream, [numTasks])	When called on two DStreams of (K, V) and (K, W) pairs, return a new DStream of (K, (V, W)) pairs with all pairs of elements for each key.
cogroup(otherStream, [numTasks])	When called on a DStream of (K, V) and (K, W) pairs, return a new DStream of (K, Seq[V], Seq[W]) tuples.
transform(func)	Return a new DStream by applying a RDD-to-RDD function to every RDD of the source DStream. This can be used to do arbitrary RDD operations on the DStream.
updateStateByKey(func)	Return a new "state" DStream where the state for each key is updated by applying the given function on the previous state of the key and the new values for the key. This can be used to maintain arbitrary state data for each key.

Output Operation	Meaning
print()	Prints the first ten elements of every batch of data in a DStream on the driver node running the streaming application. This is useful for development and debugging.
saveAsTextFiles(prefix, [suffix])	Save this DStream's contents as text files. The file name at each batch interval is generated based on prefix and suffix: "prefix-TIME_IN_MS[.suffix]".
saveAsObjectFiles(prefix, [suffix])	Save this DStream's contents as SequenceFiles of serialized Java objects. The file name at each batch interval is generated based on prefix and suffix: "prefix-TIME_IN_MS[.suffix]".
saveAsHadoopFiles(prefix, [suffix])	Save this DStream's contents as Hadoop files. The file name at each batch interval is generated based on prefix and suffix: "prefix-TIME_IN_MS[.suffix]".
foreachRDD(func)	The most generic output operator that applies a function, func, to each RDD generated from the stream. This function should push the data in each RDD to an external system, such as saving the RDD to files, or writing it over the network to a database. Note that the function func is executed in the driver process running the streaming application, and will usually have RDD actions in it that will force the computation of the streaming RDDs.

特殊的Transformations

　　1.UpdateStateByKey Operation

　　UpdateStateByKey原语用于记录历史记录，上文中Word Count示例中就用到了该特性。若不用UpdateStateByKey来更新状态，那么每次数据进来后分析完成后，结果输出后将不在保存

　　2.Transform Operation

　　Transform原语允许DStream上执行任意的RDD-to-RDD函数。通过该函数可以方便的扩展Spark API。此外，MLlib（机器学习）以及Graphx也是通过本函数来进行结合的。

　　3.Window Operations

　　Window Operations有点类似于Storm中的State，可以设置窗口的大小和滑动窗口的间隔来动态的获取当前Steaming的允许状态

　　完整请参考官网文档：http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming-guide.html#overview

三、Spark Streaming实战

　　1.引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
    <artifactId>spark-streaming_2.10</artifactId>
    <version>${spark.version}</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

　　// 依旧使用HelloSpark这个项目（注意scope，根据实际情况使用）

　　2.编写代码

package com.streaming
 
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}
import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}
 
object wordCount {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    // 需要Spark Streaming Context
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("wc").setMaster("local[2]")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
    // ssc需要sc以及时间间隔（参考streaming原理）来构造
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))
    // 通过网络读取数据（存储级别采用默认的）
    val ds = ssc.socketTextStream("192.168.137.128", 8888)
    // 接下来操作DStream，和RDD是很类似的（除了一些特殊的），返回result
    val result = ds.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).reduceByKey(_+_)
    // 打印结果
    result.print()
    // 启动
    ssc.start()
    // 等待停止
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
}

　　3.通过nc测试

　　安装并启动生成者

　　　　首先在一台Linux（ip：192.168.10.101）上用YUM安装nc工具

　　　　yum install -y nc

　　启动一个服务端并监听9999端口

　　　　nc -lk 9999

　　4.累加

　　结果每次在Linux段输入的单词次数都被正确的统计出来，但是结果不能累加！如果需要累加需要使用updateStateByKey(func)来更新状态，下面给出一个例子：

package com.streaming
 
import org.apache.spark.{HashPartitioner, SparkConf, SparkContext}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}
 
object StateFullWordCount {
  /**
    * String : 单词 hello
    * Seq[Int] ：单词在当前批次出现的次数（例如，(hello,Seq(1,1,1)）
    * Option[Int] ： 历史结果（例如，(3)）
    */
  val updateFunc = (iter: Iterator[(String, Seq[Int], Option[Int])]) => {
    //iter.flatMap(it=>Some(it._2.sum + it._3.getOrElse(0)).map(x=>(it._1,x)))
    // 使用的是3个元素的模式匹配（已经确定是3个元素）
    iter.flatMap { case (x, y, z) => Some(y.sum + z.getOrElse(0)).map(m => (x, m)) }
  }
 
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    // 需要Spark Streaming Context
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("wc").setMaster("local[2]")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
    // ssc需要sc以及时间间隔（参考streaming原理）来构造
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))
    // updateStateByKey必须设置checkPoint来恢复历史数据，只需设置dir即可（这里本地使用本地目录，集群中使用Linux目录）
    sc.setCheckpointDir("F:/ck")
    // 通过网络读取数据（存储级别采用默认的）
    val ds = ssc.socketTextStream("192.168.137.128", 8888)
    // 可以累加的操作，不通过reduceByKey，而是通过key来更新状态
    ds.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).updateStateByKey(updateFunc, new HashPartitioner(ssc.sparkContext.defaultParallelism), true)
  }
}

四、窗口函数

　　官网有相关的介绍：http://spark.apache.org/docs/1.6.0/streaming-programming-guide.html#window-operations

　　有关窗口函数的概念介绍，参考hive部分：http://www.cnblogs.com/jiangbei/p/8469528.html

　　小示例：（更多示例参考：https://blog.csdn.net/wisgood/article/details/55189656）

package cn.itcast.spark.day5
 
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Milliseconds, Seconds, StreamingContext}
 
/**
  * Created by ZX on 2016/4/19.
  */
object WindowOpts {
 
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    LoggerLevels.setStreamingLogLevels()
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("WindowOpts").setMaster("local[2]")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf, Milliseconds(5000))
    val lines = ssc.socketTextStream("172.16.0.11", 9999)
    val pairs = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1))
    val windowedWordCounts = pairs.reduceByKeyAndWindow((a:Int,b:Int) => (a + b), Seconds(15), Seconds(10))
    //Map((hello, 5), (jerry, 2), (kitty, 3))
    windowedWordCounts.print()
//    val a = windowedWordCounts.map(_._2).reduce(_+_)
//    a.foreachRDD(rdd => {
//      println(rdd.take(0))
//    })
//    a.print()
//    //windowedWordCounts.map(t => (t._1, t._2.toDouble / a.toD))
//    windowedWordCounts.print()
//    //result.print()
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
 
}