opencv 6 图像轮廓与图像分割修复 3 图像的矩，分水岭，图像修补

图像的矩

矩的计算：moments()函数

计算轮廓面积：contourArea()函数

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//   描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
	vector<Point> contour;
	contour.push_back(Point2f(0, 0));
	contour.push_back(Point2f(10, 0));
	contour.push_back(Point2f(10, 10));
	contour.push_back(Point2f(5, 4));
	double area0 = contourArea(contour);
	vector<Point> approx;
	approxPolyDP(contour, approx, 5, true);
	double area1 = contourArea(approx);
	cout << "area0=" << area0 << endl << "area1=" << area1 << endl << "approx poly vertices=" << approx.size() << endl;
	waitKey(0);
	system("pause");
	return(0);
}

计算轮廓长度：arcLength()函数

综合实例程序：查找和绘制图像轮廓矩

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：定义一些辅助宏
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图】"					//为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【图像轮廓】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//		描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat g_srcImage; Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 100;
int g_nMaxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat g_cannyMat_output;
vector<vector<Point> > g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;
//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//		描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);
static void ShowHelpText();
//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	//【0】改变console字体颜色
	system("color 9F");
	ShowHelpText();
	// 读入原图像, 返回3通道图像数据
	g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);
	// 把原图像转化成灰度图像并进行平滑
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
	// 创建新窗口
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	//创建滚动条并进行初始化
	createTrackbar(" 阈值", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
	on_ThreshChange(0, 0);
	waitKey(0);
	return(0);
}
//-----------------------------------【on_ThreshChange( )函数】-------------------------------
//		描述：回调函数
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
	// 使用Canndy检测边缘
	Canny(g_grayImage, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh * 2, 3);
	// 找到轮廓
	findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	// 计算矩
	vector<Moments> mu(g_vContours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		mu[i] = moments(g_vContours[i], false);
	}
	//  计算中心矩
	vector<Point2f> mc(g_vContours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		mc[i] = Point2f(static_cast<float>(mu[i].m10 / mu[i].m00), static_cast<float>(mu[i].m01 / mu[i].m00));
	}
	// 绘制轮廓
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));//随机生成颜色值
		drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());//绘制外层和内层轮廓
		circle(drawing, mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0);;//绘制圆
	}
	// 显示到窗口中
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
	// 通过m00计算轮廓面积并且和OpenCV函数比较
	printf("\t 输出内容: 面积和轮廓长度\n");
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		printf(" >通过m00计算出轮廓[%d]的面积: (M_00) = %.2f \n OpenCV函数计算出的面积=%.2f , 长度: %.2f \n\n", i, mu[i].m00, contourArea(g_vContours[i]), arcLength(g_vContours[i], true));
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());
		circle(drawing, mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0);
	}
}
//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】-----------------------------
//		 描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ShowHelpText()
{
	//输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
	printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION);
	printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

分水岭算法

实现分水岭算法：watershed()函数

综合示例程序：分水岭算法

#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------------------------------------
//  描述：定义一些辅助宏
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【程序窗口1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【分水岭算法效果图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
//-----------------------------------【全局函变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//		描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat g_maskImage, g_srcImage;
Point prevPt(-1, -1);
//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】--------------------------------------
//		描述：全局函数的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText();
static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*);
//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	//【0】改变console字体颜色
	system("color 6F");
	//【0】显示帮助文字
	ShowHelpText();
	//【1】载入原图并显示，初始化掩膜和灰度图
	g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	Mat srcImage, grayImage;
	g_srcImage.copyTo(srcImage);
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_maskImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	cvtColor(g_maskImage, grayImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);
	//【2】设置鼠标回调函数
	setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, on_Mouse, 0);
	//【3】轮询按键，进行处理
	while (1)
	{
		//获取键值
		int c = waitKey(0);
		//若按键键值为ESC时，退出
		if ((char)c == 27)
			break;
		//按键键值为2时，恢复源图
		if ((char)c == '2')
		{
			g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);
			srcImage.copyTo(g_srcImage);
			imshow("image", g_srcImage);
		}
		//若检测到按键值为1或者空格，则进行处理
		if ((char)c == '1' || (char)c == ' ')
		{
			//定义一些参数
			int i, j, compCount = 0;
			vector<vector<Point> > contours;
			vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
			//寻找轮廓
			findContours(g_maskImage, contours, hierarchy, RETR_CCOMP, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
			//轮廓为空时的处理
			if (contours.empty())
				continue;
			//拷贝掩膜
			Mat maskImage(g_maskImage.size(), CV_32S);
			maskImage = Scalar::all(0);
			//循环绘制出轮廓
			for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0], compCount++)
				drawContours(maskImage, contours, index, Scalar::all(compCount + 1), -1, 8, hierarchy, INT_MAX);
			//compCount为零时的处理
			if (compCount == 0)
				continue;
			//生成随机颜色
			vector<Vec3b> colorTab;
			for (i = 0; i < compCount; i++)
			{
				int b = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
				int g = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
				int r = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
				colorTab.push_back(Vec3b((uchar)b, (uchar)g, (uchar)r));
			}
			//计算处理时间并输出到窗口中
			double dTime = (double)getTickCount();
			watershed(srcImage, maskImage);
			dTime = (double)getTickCount() - dTime;
			printf("\t处理时间 = %gms\n", dTime*1000. / getTickFrequency());
			//双层循环，将分水岭图像遍历存入watershedImage中
			Mat watershedImage(maskImage.size(), CV_8UC3);
			for (i = 0; i < maskImage.rows; i++)
				for (j = 0; j < maskImage.cols; j++)
				{
					int index = maskImage.at<int>(i, j);
					if (index == -1)
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(255, 255, 255);
					else if (index <= 0 || index > compCount)
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(0, 0, 0);
					else
						watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = colorTab[index - 1];
				}
			//混合灰度图和分水岭效果图并显示最终的窗口
			watershedImage = watershedImage * 0.5 + grayImage * 0.5;
			imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, watershedImage);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
//-----------------------------------【onMouse( )函数】---------------------------------------
//		描述：鼠标消息回调函数
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*)
{
	//处理鼠标不在窗口中的情况
	if (x < 0 || x >= g_srcImage.cols || y < 0 || y >= g_srcImage.rows)
		return;
	//处理鼠标左键相关消息
	if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
		prevPt = Point(-1, -1);
	else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
		prevPt = Point(x, y);
	//鼠标左键按下并移动，绘制出白色线条
	else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
	{
		Point pt(x, y);
		if (prevPt.x < 0)
			prevPt = pt;
		line(g_maskImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		line(g_srcImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		prevPt = pt;
		imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	}
}
//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------
//      描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
	//输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
	printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION);
	printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	//输出一些帮助信息
	printf("\n\n\n\t欢迎来到【分水岭算法】示例程序~\n\n");
	printf("\t请先用鼠标在图片窗口中标记出大致的区域，\n\n\t然后再按键【1】或者【SPACE】启动算法。"
		"\n\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n"
		"\t\t键盘按键【1】或者【SPACE】- 运行的分水岭分割算法\n"
		"\t\t键盘按键【2】- 恢复原始图片\n"
		"\t\t键盘按键【ESC】- 退出程序\n\n\n");
}

图像修补

实现图像修补：inpaint()函数

综合示例程序：图像修补

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/photo/photo.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------------------------------------
//  描述：定义一些辅助宏
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME0 "【原始图参考】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【修补后的效果图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//          描述：全局变量声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat srcImage0, srcImage1, inpaintMask;
Point previousPoint(-1, -1);//原来的点坐标
//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
	//输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
	printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION);
	printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	//输出一些帮助信息
	printf("\n\n\n\t欢迎来到【图像修复】示例程序~\n");
	printf("\n\t请在进行图像修复操作之前，在【原始图】窗口中进行适量的绘制"
		"\n\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n"
		"\t\t【鼠标左键】-在图像上绘制白色线条\n\n"
		"\t\t键盘按键【ESC】- 退出程序\n\n"
		"\t\t键盘按键【1】或【SPACE】-进行图像修复操作 \n\n");
}
//-----------------------------------【On_Mouse( )函数】--------------------------------
//          描述：响应鼠标消息的回调函数
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void On_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*)
{
	//鼠标左键弹起消息
	if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
		previousPoint = Point(-1, -1);
	//鼠标左键按下消息
	else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
		previousPoint = Point(x, y);
	//鼠标按下并移动，进行绘制
	else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
	{
		Point pt(x, y);
		if (previousPoint.x < 0)
			previousPoint = pt;
		//绘制白色线条
		line(inpaintMask, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		line(srcImage1, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
		previousPoint = pt;
		imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
	}
}
//--------------------------------------【main( )函数】-----------------------------------------
//          描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	//改变console字体颜色
	system("color 2F");
	//显示帮助文字
	ShowHelpText();
	//载入原始图并进行掩膜的初始化
	Mat srcImage = imread("1.jpg", -1);
	if (!srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误，请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定图片存在~！ \n"); return false; }
	srcImage0 = srcImage.clone();
	srcImage1 = srcImage.clone();
	inpaintMask = Mat::zeros(srcImage1.size(), CV_8U);
	//显示原始图参考
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME0, srcImage0);
	//显示原始图
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
	//设置鼠标回调消息
	setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, On_Mouse, 0);
	//轮询按键，根据不同的按键进行处理
	while (1)
	{
		//获取按键键值
		char c = (char)waitKey();
		//键值为ESC，程序退出
		if (c == 27)
			break;
		//键值为2，恢复成原始图像
		if (c == '2')
		{
			inpaintMask = Scalar::all(0);
			srcImage.copyTo(srcImage1);
			imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
		}
		//键值为1或者空格，进行图像修补操作
		if (c == '1' || c == ' ')
		{
			Mat inpaintedImage;
			inpaint(srcImage1, inpaintMask, inpaintedImage, 3, INPAINT_TELEA);
			imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, inpaintedImage);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}