JobControl 的实现原理

本文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/archimedes/p/hadoop-jobcontrol.html，转载请注明源地址。

引入实例：贝叶斯分类

贝叶斯分类是一种利用概率统计知识进行分类的统计学分类方法。该方法包括两个步骤：训练样本和分类。

其实现由多个MapReduce 作业完成，如图所示。其中，训练样本可由三个 MapReduce 作业实现：

第一个作业（ExtractJob）抽取文档特征，该作业只需要 Map 即可完成 ；

第二个作业（ClassPriorJob）计算类别的先验概率，即统计每个类别中文档的数目，并计算类别概率；

第三个作业（ConditionalProbilityJob）计算单词的条件概率，即统计<label, word> 在所有文档中出现的次数并计算单词的条件概率。

后两个作业的具体实现类似于WordCount。分类过程由一个作业（PredictJob）完成。该作业的 map()函数计算每个待分类文档属于每个类别的概率，reduce() 函数找出每个文档概率最高的类别，并输出 <docid, label>（ 编号为 docid 的文档属于类别 label）。

一个完整的贝叶斯分类算法可能需要 4 个有依赖关系的 MapReduce 作业完成，传统的做法是：为每个作业创建相应的 JobConf 对象，并按照依赖关系依次（串行）提交各个作业，如下所示：

// 为 4 个作业分别创建 JobConf 对象
JobConf extractJobConf = new JobConf(ExtractJob.class);
JobConf classPriorJobConf = new JobConf(ClassPriorJob.class);
JobConf conditionalProbilityJobConf = new JobConf(ConditionalProbilityJob. class) ;
JobConf predictJobConf = new JobConf(PredictJob.class);
...// 配置各个 JobConf
// 按照依赖关系依次提交作业
JobClient.runJob(extractJobConf);
JobClient.runJob(classPriorJobConf);
JobClient.runJob(conditionalProbilityJobConf);
JobClient.runJob(predictJobConf);

如果使用 JobControl，则用户只需使用 addDepending() 函数添加作业依赖关系接口，JobControl 会按照依赖关系调度各个作业，具体代码如下：

Configuration extractJobConf = new Configuration();
Configuration classPriorJobConf = new Configuration();
Configuration conditionalProbilityJobConf = new Configuration();
Configuration predictJobConf = new Configuration();
...// 设置各个Configuration
// 创建Job对象。注意，JobControl要求作业必须封装成Job对象
Job extractJob = new Job(extractJobConf);
Job classPriorJob = new Job(classPriorJobConf);
Job conditionalProbilityJob = new Job(conditionalProbilityJobConf);
Job predictJob = new Job(predictJobConf);
//设置依赖关系，构造一个DAG作业
classPriorJob.addDepending(extractJob);
conditionalProbilityJob.addDepending(extractJob);
predictJob.addDepending(classPriorJob);
predictJob.addDepending(conditionalProbilityJob);
//创建JobControl对象，由它对作业进行监控和调度
JobControl JC = new JobControl("Native Bayes");
JC.addJob(extractJob);//把4个作业加入JobControl中
JC.addJob(classPriorJob);
JC.addJob(conditionalProbilityJob);
JC.addJob(predictJob);
JC.run(); //提交DAG作业

在实际运行过程中，不依赖于其他任何作业的 extractJob 会优先得到调度，一旦运行完成，classPriorJob 和 conditionalProbilityJob 两个作业同时被调度，待它们全部运行完成后，predictJob 被调度。对比以上两种方案，可以得到一个简单的结论：使用 JobControl 编写 DAG 作业更加简便，且能使多个无依赖关系的作业并行运行。

JobControl 设计原理分析

JobControl 由两个类组成：Job 和 JobControl。其中，Job 类封装了一个 MapReduce 作业及其对应的依赖关系，主要负责监控各个依赖作业的运行状态，以此更新自己的状态，其状态转移图如图所示。作业刚开始处于 WAITING 状态。如果没有依赖作业或者所有依赖作业均已运行完成，则进入READY 状态。一旦进入 READY 状态，则作业可被提交到 Hadoop 集群上运行，并进入 RUNNING 状态。在 RUNNING 状态下，根据作业运行情况，可能进入 SUCCESS 或者 FAILED 状态。需要注意的是，如果一个作业的依赖作业失败，则该作业也会失败，于是形成“多米诺骨牌效应”， 后续所有作业均会失败。

JobControl 封装了一系列 MapReduce 作业及其对应的依赖关系。 它将处于不同状态的作业放入不同的哈希表中，并按照图所示的状态转移作业，直到所有作业运行完成。在实现的时候，JobControl 包含一个线程用于周期性地监控和更新各个作业的运行状态，调度依赖作业运行完成的作业，提交处于 READY 状态的作业等。同时，它还提供了一些API 用于挂起、恢复和暂停该线程。

Job类深入剖析

在Job类的起始部分，定义了一些数据域，包括job所处的状态，以及其他相关的信息，具体代码如下：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobID;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.jobcontrol.Job;

  // 一个 job 将处于如下的一种状态
  final public static int SUCCESS = 0;    //成功
  final public static int WAITING = 1;     //警告
  final public static int RUNNING = 2;    //运行
  final public static int READY = 3;    //准备
  final public static int FAILED = 4;    //失败
  final public static int DEPENDENT_FAILED = 5;    //依赖的作业失败

  private JobConf theJobConf;
  private int state;
  private String jobID;         // 通过JobControl class分配和使用
  private JobID mapredJobID;    // 通过map/reduce分配的job ID
  private String jobName;        // 外部名字, 通过client app分配/使用
  private String message;        // 一些有用的信息例如用户消耗,
  // e.g. job失败的原因
  private ArrayList<Job> dependingJobs;    // 当前job所依赖的jobs列表
  private JobClient jc = null;        // map reduce job client

接着定义了两个构造函数：

  /**
   * Construct a job.
   * @param jobConf a mapred job configuration representing a job to be executed.
   * @param dependingJobs an array of jobs the current job depends on
   */
  public Job(JobConf jobConf, ArrayList<Job> dependingJobs) throws IOException {
    this.theJobConf = jobConf;
    this.dependingJobs = dependingJobs;
    this.state = Job.WAITING;
    this.jobID = "unassigned";
    this.mapredJobID = null; //not yet assigned
    this.jobName = "unassigned";
    this.message = "just initialized";
    this.jc = new JobClient(jobConf);
  }

  /**
   * Construct a job.
   *
   * @param jobConf mapred job configuration representing a job to be executed.
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public Job(JobConf jobConf) throws IOException {
    this(jobConf, null);
  }

接着重写了String类中的toString方法，代码如下：

 @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    sb.append("job name:\t").append(this.jobName).append("\n");
    sb.append("job id:\t").append(this.jobID).append("\n");
    sb.append("job state:\t").append(this.state).append("\n");
    sb.append("job mapred id:\t").append(this.mapredJobID==null ? "unassigned"
        : this.mapredJobID).append("\n");
    sb.append("job message:\t").append(this.message).append("\n");

    if (this.dependingJobs == null || this.dependingJobs.size() == 0) {
      sb.append("job has no depending job:\t").append("\n");
    } else {
      sb.append("job has ").append(this.dependingJobs.size()).append(" dependeng jobs:\n");
      for (int i = 0; i < this.dependingJobs.size(); i++) {
        sb.append("\t depending job ").append(i).append(":\t");
        sb.append((this.dependingJobs.get(i)).getJobName()).append("\n");
      }
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

toString

接下来是一长串的get/set获取设置属性的代码：

  /**
   * @return the job name of this job
   */
  public String getJobName() {
    return this.jobName;
  }

  /**
   * Set the job name for  this job.
   * @param jobName the job name
   */
  public void setJobName(String jobName) {
    this.jobName = jobName;
  }

  /**
   * @return the job ID of this job assigned by JobControl
   */
  public String getJobID() {
    return this.jobID;
  }

  /**
   * Set the job ID for  this job.
   * @param id the job ID
   */
  public void setJobID(String id) {
    this.jobID = id;
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred ID of this job
   * @deprecated use {@link #getAssignedJobID()} instead
   */
  @Deprecated
  public String getMapredJobID() {
    return this.mapredJobID.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred ID for this job.
   * @param mapredJobID the mapred job ID for this job.
   * @deprecated use {@link #setAssignedJobID(JobID)} instead
   */
  @Deprecated
  public void setMapredJobID(String mapredJobID) {
    this.mapredJobID = JobID.forName(mapredJobID);
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred ID of this job as assigned by the
   * mapred framework.
   */
  public JobID getAssignedJobID() {
    return this.mapredJobID;
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred ID for this job as assigned by the
   * mapred framework.
   * @param mapredJobID the mapred job ID for this job.
   */
  public void setAssignedJobID(JobID mapredJobID) {
    this.mapredJobID = mapredJobID;
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred job conf of this job
   */
  public JobConf getJobConf() {
    return this.theJobConf;
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred job conf for this job.
   * @param jobConf the mapred job conf for this job.
   */
  public void setJobConf(JobConf jobConf) {
    this.theJobConf = jobConf;
  }

  /**
   * @return the state of this job
   */
  public synchronized int getState() {
    return this.state;
  }

  /**
   * Set the state for this job.
   * @param state the new state for this job.
   */
  protected synchronized void setState(int state) {
    this.state = state;
  }

  /**
   * @return the message of this job
   */
  public String getMessage() {
    return this.message;
  }

  /**
   * Set the message for this job.
   * @param message the message for this job.
   */
  public void setMessage(String message) {
    this.message = message;
  }

  /**
   * @return the job client of this job
   */
  public JobClient getJobClient(){
          return this.jc;
  }

  /**
   * @return the depending jobs of this job
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getDependingJobs() {
    return this.dependingJobs;
  }

get/set

当Job处于writing状态下的时候，可以向依赖列表中添加所依赖的Job:

  /**
   * Add a job to this jobs' dependency list. Dependent jobs can only be added while a Job
   * is waiting to run, not during or afterwards.
   *
   * @param dependingJob Job that this Job depends on.
   * @return <tt>true</tt> if the Job was added.
   */
  public synchronized boolean addDependingJob(Job dependingJob) {
    if (this.state == Job.WAITING) { //only allowed to add jobs when waiting
      if (this.dependingJobs == null) {
        this.dependingJobs = new ArrayList<Job>();
      }
      return this.dependingJobs.add(dependingJob);
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }

还提供了是否处于完成状态和是否处于准备状态的判断方法：

  /**
   * @return true if this job is in a complete state
   */
  public boolean isCompleted() {
    return this.state == Job.FAILED ||
      this.state == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED ||
      this.state == Job.SUCCESS;
  }

  /**
   * @return true if this job is in READY state
   */
  public boolean isReady() {
    return this.state == Job.READY;
  }
    

提供了检查正在运行的Job的状态，如果完成，判断是成功还是失败，代码如下：

/**
   * Check the state of this running job. The state may
   * remain the same, become SUCCESS or FAILED.
   */
  private void checkRunningState() {
    RunningJob running = null;
    try {
      running = jc.getJob(this.mapredJobID);
      if (running.isComplete()) {
        if (running.isSuccessful()) {
          this.state = Job.SUCCESS;
        } else {
          this.state = Job.FAILED;
          this.message = "Job failed!";
          try {
            running.killJob();
          } catch (IOException e1) {

          }
          try {
            this.jc.close();
          } catch (IOException e2) {

          }
        }
      }

    } catch (IOException ioe) {
      this.state = Job.FAILED;
      this.message = StringUtils.stringifyException(ioe);
      try {
        if (running != null)
          running.killJob();
      } catch (IOException e1) {

      }
      try {
        this.jc.close();
      } catch (IOException e1) {

      }
    }
  }

实现了检查并更新Job的状态的checkState()方法:

/**
   * Check and update the state of this job. The state changes
   * depending on its current state and the states of the depending jobs.
   */
   synchronized int checkState() {
    if (this.state == Job.RUNNING) {
      checkRunningState();
    }
    if (this.state != Job.WAITING) {
      return this.state;
    }
    if (this.dependingJobs == null || this.dependingJobs.size() == 0) {
      this.state = Job.READY;
      return this.state;
    }
    Job pred = null;
    int n = this.dependingJobs.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      pred = this.dependingJobs.get(i);
      int s = pred.checkState();
      if (s == Job.WAITING || s == Job.READY || s == Job.RUNNING) {
        break; // a pred is still not completed, continue in WAITING
        // state
      }
      if (s == Job.FAILED || s == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED) {
        this.state = Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED;
        this.message = "depending job " + i + " with jobID "
          + pred.getJobID() + " failed. " + pred.getMessage();
        break;
      }
      // pred must be in success state
      if (i == n - 1) {
        this.state = Job.READY;
      }
    }
    return this.state;
  }
    

最后包含提交Job的方法submit()，代码如下:

  /**
   * Submit this job to mapred. The state becomes RUNNING if submission
   * is successful, FAILED otherwise.
   */
  protected synchronized void submit() {
    try {
      if (theJobConf.getBoolean("create.empty.dir.if.nonexist", false)) {
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(theJobConf);
        Path inputPaths[] = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(theJobConf);
        for (int i = 0; i < inputPaths.length; i++) {
          if (!fs.exists(inputPaths[i])) {
            try {
              fs.mkdirs(inputPaths[i]);
            } catch (IOException e) {

            }
          }
        }
      }
      RunningJob running = jc.submitJob(theJobConf);
      this.mapredJobID = running.getID();
      this.state = Job.RUNNING;
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
      this.state = Job.FAILED;
      this.message = StringUtils.stringifyException(ioe);
    }
  }

}

完整的Job类源代码如下：

package org.apache.hadoop.mapred.jobcontrol;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobID;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.RunningJob;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;

/** This class encapsulates a MapReduce job and its dependency. It monitors
 *  the states of the depending jobs and updates the state of this job.
 *  A job starts in the WAITING state. If it does not have any depending jobs, or
 *  all of the depending jobs are in SUCCESS state, then the job state will become
 *  READY. If any depending jobs fail, the job will fail too.
 *  When in READY state, the job can be submitted to Hadoop for execution, with
 *  the state changing into RUNNING state. From RUNNING state, the job can get into
 *  SUCCESS or FAILED state, depending the status of the job execution.
 *
 */

public class Job {

  // A job will be in one of the following states
  final public static int SUCCESS = 0;
  final public static int WAITING = 1;
  final public static int RUNNING = 2;
  final public static int READY = 3;
  final public static int FAILED = 4;
  final public static int DEPENDENT_FAILED = 5;

  private JobConf theJobConf;
  private int state;
  private String jobID;         // assigned and used by JobControl class
  private JobID mapredJobID; // the job ID assigned by map/reduce
  private String jobName;        // external name, assigned/used by client app
  private String message;        // some info for human consumption,
  // e.g. the reason why the job failed
  private ArrayList<Job> dependingJobs;    // the jobs the current job depends on

  private JobClient jc = null;        // the map reduce job client

  /**
   * Construct a job.
   * @param jobConf a mapred job configuration representing a job to be executed.
   * @param dependingJobs an array of jobs the current job depends on
   */
  public Job(JobConf jobConf, ArrayList<Job> dependingJobs) throws IOException {
    this.theJobConf = jobConf;
    this.dependingJobs = dependingJobs;
    this.state = Job.WAITING;
    this.jobID = "unassigned";
    this.mapredJobID = null; //not yet assigned
    this.jobName = "unassigned";
    this.message = "just initialized";
    this.jc = new JobClient(jobConf);
  }

  /**
   * Construct a job.
   *
   * @param jobConf mapred job configuration representing a job to be executed.
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public Job(JobConf jobConf) throws IOException {
    this(jobConf, null);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    sb.append("job name:\t").append(this.jobName).append("\n");
    sb.append("job id:\t").append(this.jobID).append("\n");
    sb.append("job state:\t").append(this.state).append("\n");
    sb.append("job mapred id:\t").append(this.mapredJobID==null ? "unassigned"
        : this.mapredJobID).append("\n");
    sb.append("job message:\t").append(this.message).append("\n");

    if (this.dependingJobs == null || this.dependingJobs.size() == 0) {
      sb.append("job has no depending job:\t").append("\n");
    } else {
      sb.append("job has ").append(this.dependingJobs.size()).append(" dependeng jobs:\n");
      for (int i = 0; i < this.dependingJobs.size(); i++) {
        sb.append("\t depending job ").append(i).append(":\t");
        sb.append((this.dependingJobs.get(i)).getJobName()).append("\n");
      }
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * @return the job name of this job
   */
  public String getJobName() {
    return this.jobName;
  }

  /**
   * Set the job name for  this job.
   * @param jobName the job name
   */
  public void setJobName(String jobName) {
    this.jobName = jobName;
  }

  /**
   * @return the job ID of this job assigned by JobControl
   */
  public String getJobID() {
    return this.jobID;
  }

  /**
   * Set the job ID for  this job.
   * @param id the job ID
   */
  public void setJobID(String id) {
    this.jobID = id;
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred ID of this job
   * @deprecated use {@link #getAssignedJobID()} instead
   */
  @Deprecated
  public String getMapredJobID() {
    return this.mapredJobID.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred ID for this job.
   * @param mapredJobID the mapred job ID for this job.
   * @deprecated use {@link #setAssignedJobID(JobID)} instead
   */
  @Deprecated
  public void setMapredJobID(String mapredJobID) {
    this.mapredJobID = JobID.forName(mapredJobID);
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred ID of this job as assigned by the
   * mapred framework.
   */
  public JobID getAssignedJobID() {
    return this.mapredJobID;
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred ID for this job as assigned by the
   * mapred framework.
   * @param mapredJobID the mapred job ID for this job.
   */
  public void setAssignedJobID(JobID mapredJobID) {
    this.mapredJobID = mapredJobID;
  }

  /**
   * @return the mapred job conf of this job
   */
  public JobConf getJobConf() {
    return this.theJobConf;
  }

  /**
   * Set the mapred job conf for this job.
   * @param jobConf the mapred job conf for this job.
   */
  public void setJobConf(JobConf jobConf) {
    this.theJobConf = jobConf;
  }

  /**
   * @return the state of this job
   */
  public synchronized int getState() {
    return this.state;
  }

  /**
   * Set the state for this job.
   * @param state the new state for this job.
   */
  protected synchronized void setState(int state) {
    this.state = state;
  }

  /**
   * @return the message of this job
   */
  public String getMessage() {
    return this.message;
  }

  /**
   * Set the message for this job.
   * @param message the message for this job.
   */
  public void setMessage(String message) {
    this.message = message;
  }

  /**
   * @return the job client of this job
   */
  public JobClient getJobClient(){
          return this.jc;
  }

  /**
   * @return the depending jobs of this job
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getDependingJobs() {
    return this.dependingJobs;
  }

  /**
   * Add a job to this jobs' dependency list. Dependent jobs can only be added while a Job
   * is waiting to run, not during or afterwards.
   *
   * @param dependingJob Job that this Job depends on.
   * @return <tt>true</tt> if the Job was added.
   */
  public synchronized boolean addDependingJob(Job dependingJob) {
    if (this.state == Job.WAITING) { //only allowed to add jobs when waiting
      if (this.dependingJobs == null) {
        this.dependingJobs = new ArrayList<Job>();
      }
      return this.dependingJobs.add(dependingJob);
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return true if this job is in a complete state
   */
  public boolean isCompleted() {
    return this.state == Job.FAILED ||
      this.state == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED ||
      this.state == Job.SUCCESS;
  }

  /**
   * @return true if this job is in READY state
   */
  public boolean isReady() {
    return this.state == Job.READY;
  }

  /**
   * Check the state of this running job. The state may
   * remain the same, become SUCCESS or FAILED.
   */
  private void checkRunningState() {
    RunningJob running = null;
    try {
      running = jc.getJob(this.mapredJobID);
      if (running.isComplete()) {
        if (running.isSuccessful()) {
          this.state = Job.SUCCESS;
        } else {
          this.state = Job.FAILED;
          this.message = "Job failed!";
          try {
            running.killJob();
          } catch (IOException e1) {

          }
          try {
            this.jc.close();
          } catch (IOException e2) {

          }
        }
      }

    } catch (IOException ioe) {
      this.state = Job.FAILED;
      this.message = StringUtils.stringifyException(ioe);
      try {
        if (running != null)
          running.killJob();
      } catch (IOException e1) {

      }
      try {
        this.jc.close();
      } catch (IOException e1) {

      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Check and update the state of this job. The state changes
   * depending on its current state and the states of the depending jobs.
   */
   synchronized int checkState() {
    if (this.state == Job.RUNNING) {
      checkRunningState();
    }
    if (this.state != Job.WAITING) {
      return this.state;
    }
    if (this.dependingJobs == null || this.dependingJobs.size() == 0) {
      this.state = Job.READY;
      return this.state;
    }
    Job pred = null;
    int n = this.dependingJobs.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      pred = this.dependingJobs.get(i);
      int s = pred.checkState();
      if (s == Job.WAITING || s == Job.READY || s == Job.RUNNING) {
        break; // a pred is still not completed, continue in WAITING
        // state
      }
      if (s == Job.FAILED || s == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED) {
        this.state = Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED;
        this.message = "depending job " + i + " with jobID "
          + pred.getJobID() + " failed. " + pred.getMessage();
        break;
      }
      // pred must be in success state
      if (i == n - 1) {
        this.state = Job.READY;
      }
    }

    return this.state;
  }

  /**
   * Submit this job to mapred. The state becomes RUNNING if submission
   * is successful, FAILED otherwise.
   */
  protected synchronized void submit() {
    try {
      if (theJobConf.getBoolean("create.empty.dir.if.nonexist", false)) {
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(theJobConf);
        Path inputPaths[] = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(theJobConf);
        for (int i = 0; i < inputPaths.length; i++) {
          if (!fs.exists(inputPaths[i])) {
            try {
              fs.mkdirs(inputPaths[i]);
            } catch (IOException e) {

            }
          }
        }
      }
      RunningJob running = jc.submitJob(theJobConf);
      this.mapredJobID = running.getID();
      this.state = Job.RUNNING;
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
      this.state = Job.FAILED;
      this.message = StringUtils.stringifyException(ioe);
    }
  }

}

Job

JobControl类深入剖析

在JobControl类的起始部分，定义了一些数据域，包括线程所处的状态，以及其他相关的信息，具体代码如下：

  // The thread can be in one of the following state
  private static final int RUNNING = 0;
  private static final int SUSPENDED = 1;
  private static final int STOPPED = 2;
  private static final int STOPPING = 3;
  private static final int READY = 4;

  private int runnerState;            // the thread state

  private Map<String, Job> waitingJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> readyJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> runningJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> successfulJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> failedJobs;

  private long nextJobID;
  private String groupName;

接下来是对应的构造函数：

  /**
   * Construct a job control for a group of jobs.
   * @param groupName a name identifying this group
   */
  public JobControl(String groupName) {
    this.waitingJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.readyJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.runningJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.successfulJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.failedJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.nextJobID = -1;
    this.groupName = groupName;
    this.runnerState = JobControl.READY;
  }

接着是一个将Map的Jobs转换为ArrayList的转换方法(toArrayList)，代码如下：

private static ArrayList<Job> toArrayList(Map<String, Job> jobs) {
    ArrayList<Job> retv = new ArrayList<Job>();
    synchronized (jobs) {
      for (Job job : jobs.values()) {
        retv.add(job);
      }
    }
    return retv;
}

类中当然少不了一些get方法：

  /**
   * @return the jobs in the success state
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getSuccessfulJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.successfulJobs);
  }
  public ArrayList<Job> getFailedJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.failedJobs);
  }
  private String getNextJobID() {
    nextJobID += 1;
    return this.groupName + this.nextJobID;
  }

类中还有将Job插入Job队列的方法：

 private static void addToQueue(Job aJob, Map<String, Job> queue) {
    synchronized(queue) {
      queue.put(aJob.getJobID(), aJob);
    }
  }

  private void addToQueue(Job aJob) {
    Map<String, Job> queue = getQueue(aJob.getState());
    addToQueue(aJob, queue);
  }

既然有插入队列，就有从Job队列根据Job运行状态而取出的方法，代码如下：

  private Map<String, Job> getQueue(int state) {
    Map<String, Job> retv = null;
    if (state == Job.WAITING) {
      retv = this.waitingJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.READY) {
      retv = this.readyJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.RUNNING) {
      retv = this.runningJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.SUCCESS) {
      retv = this.successfulJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.FAILED || state == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED) {
      retv = this.failedJobs;
    }
    return retv;
  }

添加一个新的Job的方法：

  /**
   * Add a new job.
   * @param aJob the new job
   */
  synchronized public String addJob(Job aJob) {
    String id = this.getNextJobID();
    aJob.setJobID(id);
    aJob.setState(Job.WAITING);
    this.addToQueue(aJob);
    return id;
  }

  /**
   * Add a collection of jobs
   *
   * @param jobs
   */
  public void addJobs(Collection<Job> jobs) {
    for (Job job : jobs) {
      addJob(job);
    }
  }

获取线程的状态，设置、停止线程的方法：

/**
   * @return the thread state
   */
  public int getState() {
    return this.runnerState;
  }

  /**
   * set the thread state to STOPPING so that the
   * thread will stop when it wakes up.
   */
  public void stop() {
    this.runnerState = JobControl.STOPPING;
  }

  /**
   * suspend the running thread
   */
  public void suspend () {
    if (this.runnerState == JobControl.RUNNING) {
      this.runnerState = JobControl.SUSPENDED;
    }
  }

  /**
   * resume the suspended thread
   */
  public void resume () {
    if (this.runnerState == JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
      this.runnerState = JobControl.RUNNING;
    }
  }
    

检查运行、等待的Jobs，将符合条件的添加至相应的队列：

  synchronized private void checkRunningJobs() {
    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.runningJobs;
    this.runningJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      int state = nextJob.checkState();
      /*
        if (state != Job.RUNNING) {
        System.out.println("The state of the running job " +
        nextJob.getJobName() + " has changed to: " + nextJob.getState());
        }
      */
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

  synchronized private void checkWaitingJobs() {
    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.waitingJobs;
    this.waitingJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      int state = nextJob.checkState();
      /*
        if (state != Job.WAITING) {
        System.out.println("The state of the waiting job " +
        nextJob.getJobName() + " has changed to: " + nextJob.getState());
        }
      */
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

  synchronized private void startReadyJobs() {
    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.readyJobs;
    this.readyJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      //System.out.println("Job to submit to Hadoop: " + nextJob.getJobName());
      nextJob.submit();
      //System.out.println("Hadoop ID: " + nextJob.getMapredJobID());
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

判断是否所有的JOb都结束的方法：

  synchronized public boolean allFinished() {
    return this.waitingJobs.size() == 0 &&
      this.readyJobs.size() == 0 &&
      this.runningJobs.size() == 0;
  }
    

检查运行Jobs的状态、更新等待Job状态、在准备状态下提交的Run方法：

/**
   *  The main loop for the thread.
   *  The loop does the following:
   *      Check the states of the running jobs
   *      Update the states of waiting jobs
   *      Submit the jobs in ready state
   */
  public void run() {
    this.runnerState = JobControl.RUNNING;
    while (true) {
      while (this.runnerState == JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        try {
          Thread.sleep(5000);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {

        }
      }
      checkRunningJobs();
      checkWaitingJobs();
      startReadyJobs();
      if (this.runnerState != JobControl.RUNNING &&
          this.runnerState != JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        break;
      }
      try {
        Thread.sleep(5000);
      }
      catch (Exception e) {

      }
      if (this.runnerState != JobControl.RUNNING &&
          this.runnerState != JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        break;
      }
    }
    this.runnerState = JobControl.STOPPED;
  }

}

完整的JobControl类：

/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.mapred.jobcontrol;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;

/** This class encapsulates a set of MapReduce jobs and its dependency. It tracks
 *  the states of the jobs by placing them into different tables according to their
 *  states.
 *
 *  This class provides APIs for the client app to add a job to the group and to get
 *  the jobs in the group in different states. When a
 *  job is added, an ID unique to the group is assigned to the job.
 *
 *  This class has a thread that submits jobs when they become ready, monitors the
 *  states of the running jobs, and updates the states of jobs based on the state changes
 *  of their depending jobs states. The class provides APIs for suspending/resuming
 *  the thread,and for stopping the thread.
 *
 */
public class JobControl implements Runnable{

  // The thread can be in one of the following state
  private static final int RUNNING = 0;
  private static final int SUSPENDED = 1;
  private static final int STOPPED = 2;
  private static final int STOPPING = 3;
  private static final int READY = 4;

  private int runnerState;            // the thread state

  private Map<String, Job> waitingJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> readyJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> runningJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> successfulJobs;
  private Map<String, Job> failedJobs;

  private long nextJobID;
  private String groupName;

  /**
   * Construct a job control for a group of jobs.
   * @param groupName a name identifying this group
   */
  public JobControl(String groupName) {
    this.waitingJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.readyJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.runningJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.successfulJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.failedJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();
    this.nextJobID = -1;
    this.groupName = groupName;
    this.runnerState = JobControl.READY;
  }

  private static ArrayList<Job> toArrayList(Map<String, Job> jobs) {
    ArrayList<Job> retv = new ArrayList<Job>();
    synchronized (jobs) {
      for (Job job : jobs.values()) {
        retv.add(job);
      }
    }
    return retv;
  }

  /**
   * @return the jobs in the waiting state
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getWaitingJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.waitingJobs);
  }

  /**
   * @return the jobs in the running state
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getRunningJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.runningJobs);
  }

  /**
   * @return the jobs in the ready state
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getReadyJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.readyJobs);
  }

  /**
   * @return the jobs in the success state
   */
  public ArrayList<Job> getSuccessfulJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.successfulJobs);
  }

  public ArrayList<Job> getFailedJobs() {
    return JobControl.toArrayList(this.failedJobs);
  }

  private String getNextJobID() {
    nextJobID += 1;
    return this.groupName + this.nextJobID;
  }

  private static void addToQueue(Job aJob, Map<String, Job> queue) {
    synchronized(queue) {
      queue.put(aJob.getJobID(), aJob);
    }
  }

  private void addToQueue(Job aJob) {
    Map<String, Job> queue = getQueue(aJob.getState());
    addToQueue(aJob, queue);
  }

  private Map<String, Job> getQueue(int state) {
    Map<String, Job> retv = null;
    if (state == Job.WAITING) {
      retv = this.waitingJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.READY) {
      retv = this.readyJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.RUNNING) {
      retv = this.runningJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.SUCCESS) {
      retv = this.successfulJobs;
    } else if (state == Job.FAILED || state == Job.DEPENDENT_FAILED) {
      retv = this.failedJobs;
    }
    return retv;
  }

  /**
   * Add a new job.
   * @param aJob the new job
   */
  synchronized public String addJob(Job aJob) {
    String id = this.getNextJobID();
    aJob.setJobID(id);
    aJob.setState(Job.WAITING);
    this.addToQueue(aJob);
    return id;
  }

  /**
   * Add a collection of jobs
   *
   * @param jobs
   */
  public void addJobs(Collection<Job> jobs) {
    for (Job job : jobs) {
      addJob(job);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return the thread state
   */
  public int getState() {
    return this.runnerState;
  }

  /**
   * set the thread state to STOPPING so that the
   * thread will stop when it wakes up.
   */
  public void stop() {
    this.runnerState = JobControl.STOPPING;
  }

  /**
   * suspend the running thread
   */
  public void suspend () {
    if (this.runnerState == JobControl.RUNNING) {
      this.runnerState = JobControl.SUSPENDED;
    }
  }

  /**
   * resume the suspended thread
   */
  public void resume () {
    if (this.runnerState == JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
      this.runnerState = JobControl.RUNNING;
    }
  }

  synchronized private void checkRunningJobs() {

    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.runningJobs;
    this.runningJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      int state = nextJob.checkState();
      /*
        if (state != Job.RUNNING) {
        System.out.println("The state of the running job " +
        nextJob.getJobName() + " has changed to: " + nextJob.getState());
        }
      */
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

  synchronized private void checkWaitingJobs() {
    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.waitingJobs;
    this.waitingJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      int state = nextJob.checkState();
      /*
        if (state != Job.WAITING) {
        System.out.println("The state of the waiting job " +
        nextJob.getJobName() + " has changed to: " + nextJob.getState());
        }
      */
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

  synchronized private void startReadyJobs() {
    Map<String, Job> oldJobs = null;
    oldJobs = this.readyJobs;
    this.readyJobs = new Hashtable<String, Job>();

    for (Job nextJob : oldJobs.values()) {
      //System.out.println("Job to submit to Hadoop: " + nextJob.getJobName());
      nextJob.submit();
      //System.out.println("Hadoop ID: " + nextJob.getMapredJobID());
      this.addToQueue(nextJob);
    }
  }

  synchronized public boolean allFinished() {
    return this.waitingJobs.size() == 0 &&
      this.readyJobs.size() == 0 &&
      this.runningJobs.size() == 0;
  }

  /**
   *  The main loop for the thread.
   *  The loop does the following:
   *      Check the states of the running jobs
   *      Update the states of waiting jobs
   *      Submit the jobs in ready state
   */
  public void run() {
    this.runnerState = JobControl.RUNNING;
    while (true) {
      while (this.runnerState == JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        try {
          Thread.sleep(5000);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {

        }
      }
      checkRunningJobs();
      checkWaitingJobs();
      startReadyJobs();
      if (this.runnerState != JobControl.RUNNING &&
          this.runnerState != JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        break;
      }
      try {
        Thread.sleep(5000);
      }
      catch (Exception e) {

      }
      if (this.runnerState != JobControl.RUNNING &&
          this.runnerState != JobControl.SUSPENDED) {
        break;
      }
    }
    this.runnerState = JobControl.STOPPED;
  }

}

JobControl

参考资料

《Hadoop技术内幕 深入理解MapReduce架构设计与实现原理》