转-Windows路由表配置：双网卡路由分流

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/lightnear/archive/2013/02/03/2890835.html

一、windows 路由表解释

route print -4

===========================================================================
Interface List
 19...78 dd 08 a4 40 f4 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
11...00 27 10 5b 26 fc ......Intel(R) Centrino(R) Advanced-N 6200 AGN
 13...f0 de f1 08 58 f4 ......Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection
 15...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1
 16...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
 23...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
 21...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2
 17...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #4
 20...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #5
 22...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #6
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1     192.168.1.12     26
       10.108.0.0      255.255.0.0      10.108.58.1     10.108.58.18     21
      10.108.58.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      10.108.58.18    276
     10.108.58.18  255.255.255.255         On-link      10.108.58.18    276
    10.108.58.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      10.108.58.18    276
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
       172.16.0.0      255.255.0.0      10.108.58.1     10.108.58.18     21
      192.168.0.0    255.255.252.0         On-link      192.168.1.12    281
     192.168.1.12  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.12    281
    192.168.3.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.12    281
     192.168.10.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.10.1    276
     192.168.10.1  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.10.1    276
   192.168.10.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.10.1    276
    192.168.159.0    255.255.255.0         On-link     192.168.159.1    276
    192.168.159.1  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.159.1    276
  192.168.159.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.159.1    276
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      10.108.58.18    276
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link     192.168.159.1    276
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.10.1    276
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.1.12    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      10.108.58.18    276
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.159.1    276
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.10.1    276
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.12    281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  Network Address          Netmask  Gateway Address  Metric
      172.21.10.0    255.255.255.0    172.16.56.190       1
       10.108.0.0      255.255.0.0      10.108.58.1       1
       172.16.0.0      255.255.0.0      10.108.58.1       1
===========================================================================

Interface List: 网络卡列表

Active Routes: 活动路由

Network Destination: 目的网段

Netmask: 子网掩码，与目的网段共同定义了此条路由适用的网络地址

Gateway: 网关，又称下一跳路由器，在发送IP数据包时，网关定义了针对特定的网络目的地址，数据包发送到的下一跳服务器

Interface: 接口，接口定义了针对特定的网络目的地址，本地计算机用于发送数据包的网络接口

Metric: 跳数，跳数用于指出路由的成本，通常情况下代表到达目标地址所需要经过的跳跃数量，一个跳数代表经过一个路由器。跳数越低，代表路由成本越低，优先级越高

Persistent Routes: 手动配置静态路由

二、windows 路由命令

Manipulates network routing tables.

ROUTE [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] command [destination]
                  [MASK netmask]  [gateway] [METRIC metric]  [IF interface]

  -f           Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries.  If this is
               used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are
               cleared prior to running the command.

  -p           When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across
               boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved
               when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands,
               which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This
               option is not supported in Windows 95.

  -4           Force using IPv4.

  -6           Force using IPv6.

  command      One of these:
                 PRINT     Prints  a route
                 ADD       Adds    a route
                 DELETE    Deletes a route
                 CHANGE    Modifies an existing route
  destination  Specifies the host.
  MASK         Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.
  netmask      Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry.
               If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.
  gateway      Specifies gateway.
  interface    the interface number for the specified route.
  METRIC       specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.

All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database
file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name
database file HOSTS.

If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard,
(wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted.

If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only
matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string,
and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.

Pattern match is only allowed in PRINT command.
Diagnostic Notes:
    Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
    Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1
             The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid.
 (Destination & Mask) != Destination.

Examples:

    > route PRINT
    > route PRINT -4
    > route PRINT -6
    > route PRINT 157*          .... Only prints those matching 157*

    > route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0  157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 IF 2
             destination^      ^mask      ^gateway     metric^    ^
                                                         Interface^
      If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given
      gateway.
    > route ADD 3ffe::/32 3ffe::1

    > route CHANGE 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.5 METRIC 2 IF 2

      CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only.

    > route DELETE 157.0.0.0
    > route DELETE 3ffe::/32

route print: 打印当前的路由表

route delete：删除一条路由

route add: 增加一条路由, 如果最后加上 –p 选项，表示永久增加静态路由，重启后不会失效

route change: 更改一条路由

三、双网卡配置实便

1. 网络环境：

有线：可连接公司内网，不能连接Internet

无线：可连接Internet，不能连接公司内网  默认网关为 192.168.0.1

我们的目的就是同时连接这两个网络，并自动选择路由实现内外网都可以访问。

2. 配置

:删除默认设置
route delete 0.0.0.0
:外网路由，全走无线
route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 –p
:公司内网全部在10.108.*.*网段，增加此路由
route add 10.108.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.108.58.1 -p

就是这么简单，结果如下（还有另外几个路由配置是做其它用途的）

PING下试试