关系数据库数据与hadoop数据进行转换的工具 - Sqoop

Sqoop

本文所使用的Sqoop版本为1.4.6

1.官网

　　http://sqoop.apache.org

2.作用

　　A:可以把hadoop数据导入到关系数据库里面(e.g. Hive -> Mysql)

　　B:可以把关系数据库数据导入到hadoop里面(e.g. Mysql -> Hive)

3.下载

　　http://archive.apache.org/dist/sqoop/1.4.6/sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-1.0.0.tar.gz

4.安装

--上传到node1(我之前安装的hive就在node1上面)本目录，并且解压
cd
tar -zxvf sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz

--创建软链
ln -sf /root/sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha /home/sqoop-1.4.6

5.环境变量配置

--配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile

export HADOOP_PREFIX=$HADOOP_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$SQOOP_HOME/bin

:wq

source /etc/profile

6.修改配置文件

--修改配置文件
cd /home/sqoop-1.4.6/conf/

cp sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh

vi sqoop-env.sh

7.添加驱动包

--把mysql驱动包添加到sqoop的lib目录下面
cd
scp mysql-connector-java-5.1.23-bin.jar /home/sqoop-1.4.6/lib/

8.测试

sqoop version

[root@node1 ~]# sqoop version
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../hbase does not exist! HBase imports will fail.
Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../accumulo does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail.
Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../zookeeper does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail.
Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your Zookeeper installation.
19/01/04 23:15:15 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.6
Sqoop 1.4.6
git commit id c0c5a81723759fa575844a0a1eae8f510fa32c25
Compiled by root on Mon Apr 27 14:38:36 CST 2015

sqoop list-databases -connect jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/ -username root -password '!QAZ2wsx3edc'

[root@node1 ~]# sqoop list-databases -connect jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/ -username root -password '!QAZ2wsx3edc'
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../hbase does not exist! HBase imports will fail.
Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../accumulo does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail.
Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation.
Warning: /home/sqoop-1.4.6/../zookeeper does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail.
Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your Zookeeper installation.
19/01/04 23:17:49 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.6
19/01/04 23:17:49 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
19/01/04 23:17:49 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
information_schema
hive
mysql
performance_schema
result_db
spark
sys

你会发现，在输出里面会有很多Warning

我们可以通过以下操作去掉这些Warning

--去除Warning
cd /home/sqoop-1.4.6/bin/

vi configure-sqoop

--把下面的行全部注释掉 - 在每一行前面加 '#'
## Moved to be a runtime check in sqoop.
#if [ ! -d "${HBASE_HOME}" ]; then
#  echo "Warning: $HBASE_HOME does not exist! HBase imports will fail."
#  echo 'Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.'
#fi

## Moved to be a runtime check in sqoop.
#if [ ! -d "${HCAT_HOME}" ]; then
#  echo "Warning: $HCAT_HOME does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail."
#  echo 'Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.'
#fi

#if [ ! -d "${ACCUMULO_HOME}" ]; then
#  echo "Warning: $ACCUMULO_HOME does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail."
#  echo 'Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation.'
#fi
#if [ ! -d "${ZOOKEEPER_HOME}" ]; then
#  echo "Warning: $ZOOKEEPER_HOME does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail."
#  echo 'Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your Zookeeper installation.'
#fi

:wq

--再次测试
[root@node1 bin]# sqoop list-databases -connect jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/ -username root -password '!QAZ2wsx3edc'
19/01/04 23:34:21 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.6
19/01/04 23:34:21 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
19/01/04 23:34:21 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
information_schema
hive
mysql
performance_schema
result_db
spark
sys

9.应用

9.1.从Mysql导入到HDFS

准备工作：

--在数据库里面先创建table
CREATE TABLE t_user (id INT, name VARCHAR(20), age INT);

--插入测试数据
insert into t_user values(1, 'Tom', 20);
insert into t_user values(2, 'John', 18);
insert into t_user values(3, 'Div', 25);
insert into t_user values(4, 'Susan', 31);
insert into t_user values(5, 'Tiran', 40);
insert into t_user values(6, 'Shasita', 13);

查询结果：

mysql> select * from t_user;
+------+---------+------+
| id   | name    | age  |
+------+---------+------+
|    1 | Tom     |   20 |
|    2 | John    |   18 |
|    3 | Div     |   25 |
|    4 | Susan   |   31 |
|    5 | Tiran   |   40 |
|    6 | Shasita |   13 |
+------+---------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--从mysql数据库里面导出数据到Hdfs上面
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db --username root --password '!QAZ2wsx3edc' --table t_user --columns id,name,age -m 1 --target-dir /sqoop_t_user

[root@node1 bin]# sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db --username root --password '!QAZ2wsx3edc' --table t_user --columns id,name,age -m 1 --target-dir /sqoop_t_user
19/01/04 23:54:30 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.6
19/01/04 23:54:30 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
19/01/04 23:54:30 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
19/01/04 23:54:30 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
19/01/04 23:54:31 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `t_user` AS t LIMIT 1
19/01/04 23:54:31 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `t_user` AS t LIMIT 1
19/01/04 23:54:31 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /home/hadoop-2.5
Note: /tmp/sqoop-root/compile/84e97965496cc61c73c17151375a419b/t_user.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
19/01/04 23:54:33 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-root/compile/84e97965496cc61c73c17151375a419b/t_user.jar
19/01/04 23:54:33 WARN manager.MySQLManager: It looks like you are importing from mysql.
19/01/04 23:54:33 WARN manager.MySQLManager: This transfer can be faster! Use the --direct
19/01/04 23:54:33 WARN manager.MySQLManager: option to exercise a MySQL-specific fast path.
19/01/04 23:54:33 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Setting zero DATETIME behavior to convertToNull (mysql)
19/01/04 23:54:33 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of t_user
19/01/04 23:54:33 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.jar is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.jar
19/01/04 23:54:34 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.map.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.maps
19/01/04 23:54:34 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at node1/192.168.79.138:8032
19/01/04 23:54:48 INFO db.DBInputFormat: Using read commited transaction isolation
19/01/04 23:54:48 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:1
19/01/04 23:54:48 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1546674829746_0001
19/01/04 23:54:49 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1546674829746_0001
19/01/04 23:54:49 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://node1:8088/proxy/application_1546674829746_0001/
19/01/04 23:54:49 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1546674829746_0001
19/01/04 23:54:59 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1546674829746_0001 running in uber mode : false
19/01/04 23:54:59 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 0% reduce 0%
19/01/04 23:55:06 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 100% reduce 0%
19/01/04 23:55:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1546674829746_0001 completed successfully
19/01/04 23:55:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 30
    File System Counters
        FILE: Number of bytes read=0
        FILE: Number of bytes written=116299
        FILE: Number of read operations=0
        FILE: Number of large read operations=0
        FILE: Number of write operations=0
        HDFS: Number of bytes read=87
        HDFS: Number of bytes written=63
        HDFS: Number of read operations=4
        HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
        HDFS: Number of write operations=2
    Job Counters
        Launched map tasks=1
        Other local map tasks=1
        Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=4153
        Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
        Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=4153
        Total vcore-seconds taken by all map tasks=4153
        Total megabyte-seconds taken by all map tasks=4252672
    Map-Reduce Framework
        Map input records=6
        Map output records=6
        Input split bytes=87
        Spilled Records=0
        Failed Shuffles=0
        Merged Map outputs=0
        GC time elapsed (ms)=69
        CPU time spent (ms)=1170
        Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=175808512
        Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=893071360
        Total committed heap usage (bytes)=84934656
    File Input Format Counters
        Bytes Read=0
    File Output Format Counters
        Bytes Written=63
19/01/04 23:55:06 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 63 bytes in 32.3608 seconds (1.9468 bytes/sec)
19/01/04 23:55:06 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 6 records.

运行效果：

官网提供另一种方式，即读取文件的方式来实现上面的导入功能

cd
mkdir mysqoopdir
cd mysqoopdir

vi mysql_to_hdfs

import
--connect
jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db
--username
root
--password
'!QAZ2wsx3edc'
--table
t_user
--columns
id,name,age
-m
1
--target-dir
/sqoop_t_user
--delete-target-dir

:wq

sqoop --options-file mysql_to_hdfs

我们可以通过Hive，来验证导入结果

[root@node1 bin]# ./hive
19/01/05 00:03:29 WARN conf.HiveConf: DEPRECATED: hive.metastore.ds.retry.* no longer has any effect.  Use hive.hmshandler.retry.* instead

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/root/apache-hive-0.13.1-bin/lib/hive-common-0.13.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> dfs -cat /sqoop_t_user/*;
1,Tom,20
2,John,18
3,Div,25
4,Susan,31
5,Tiran,40
6,Shasita,13

我们看到的结果和mysql里面的数据一样。

应用场景：如果现在我们的需要处理/分析的数据都存在Mysql数据库里面，并且数据量比较大，我们想要通过离线分析这些数据。这时，我们就可以把Mysql里面的数据通过Sqoop导入到Hdfs里面，进行分析处理。

导入查询结果：

--导入查询结果
cd mysqoopdir

vi mysql_query_to_hdfs

import
--connect
jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db
--username
root
--password
'!QAZ2wsx3edc'
-e
select id, name from t_user where id >= 1 and $CONDITIONS
-m
1
--target-dir
/sqoop_t_user
--delete-target-dir

:wq

sqoop --options-file mysql_query_to_hdfs

--检验
hive> dfs -cat /sqoop_t_user/*;
1,Tom
2,John
3,Div
4,Susan
5,Tiran
6,Shasita

9.2Mysql导入数据到Hive

--mysql导入到Hive
cd mysqoopdir

vi mysql_to_hive

import
--connect
jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db
--username
root
--password
'!QAZ2wsx3edc'
--table
t_user
-m
1
--create-hive-table
--target-dir
/sqoop_mysql_to_hive/
--hive-home
/home/hive/
--hive-import
--hive-table
t_sqoop_mysql_t_user_to_hive
--create-hive-table

:wq

sqoop --options-file mysql_to_hive

--检验
hive> select * from t_sqoop_mysql_t_user_to_hive;
OK
1    Tom    20
2    John    18
3    Div    25
4    Susan    31
5    Tiran    40
6    Shasita    13
Time taken: 0.577 seconds, Fetched: 6 row(s)

9.3.Mysql导入到Hbase

--mysql导入到Hbase
cd mysqoopdir

vi mysql_to_hbase

import
--connect
jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db
--username
root
--password
'!QAZ2wsx3edc'
--table
t_user
-m
1
--hbase-table
t_sqoop_mysql_t_user_to_hbase
--hbase-row-key
id
--hbase-create-table
--column-family
cf

:wq

sqoop --options-file mysql_to_hbase

--检验
hbase(main):004:0> scan 't_sqoop_mysql_t_user_to_hbase'
ROW                     COLUMN+CELL
 1                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=20
 1                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=Tom
 2                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=18
 2                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=John
 3                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=25
 3                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=Div
 4                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=31
 4                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=Susan
 5                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=40
 5                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=Tiran
 6                      column=cf:age, timestamp=1546680684317, value=13
 6                      column=cf:name, timestamp=1546680684317, value=Shasita
6 row(s) in 0.1730 seconds

9.4.Hdfs导出到Mysql

--Hdfs导出到Mysql
cd mysqoopdir

vi hdfs_to_mysql

export
--connect
jdbc:mysql://node1:3306/sqoop_db
--username
root
--password
'!QAZ2wsx3edc'
--table
t_hdfs_user_to_mysql
-m
1
--columns
id,name,age
--export-dir
/sqoop_t_user/

:wq

--进入node1
mysql -u root -p
!QAZ2wsx3edc
show database;
use sqoop_db;
show tables;
--创建t_hdfs_user_to_mysql表
CREATE TABLE t_hdfs_user_to_mysql (id INT, name VARCHAR(20), age INT);

cd mysqoopdir
sqoop --options-file hdfs_to_mysql

--检验
--执行导入前
mysql> select * from t_hdfs_user_to_mysql;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

--执行导入后
mysql> mysql> select * from t_hdfs_user_to_mysql;
+------+---------+------+
| id   | name    | age  |
+------+---------+------+
|    1 | Tom     |   20 |
|    2 | John    |   18 |
|    3 | Div     |   25 |
|    4 | Susan   |   31 |
|    5 | Tiran   |   40 |
|    6 | Shasita |   13 |
+------+---------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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