python+Django 下JWT的使用

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前言:

JWT 是 json web token 的缩写, token的作用你应该已经了解,用于识别用户身份避免每次请求都需要验证

用来解决前后端分离时的用户身份验证

在传统的web项目中 我们会在form表单中设置隐藏字段来提交token信息

但是在前后端分离时,我们就无法像网页一样直接放在表单里,

需要前后端的配合才能完成token的验证

简单使用:

下面是使用itsdangerous模块实现JWT的生成与解析

 

 

 

​x

 

 

 

 

import hashlib,time

from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer

​

# 用一个值作为密钥 当然你可以用任何的字符串作为密钥 越复杂越安全

secret_key = "548D859ADA8B084E76730CCEFA052EE1"

​

# 除去密钥外 再添加一个盐值来提高安全性

salt_str = "this is salt string"

​

expires_in = 3600 # 控制token的有效时长 默认为3600秒

# 实例化对应的对象传入两个参数,一个空的token就产生了,但是我们要用token来识别用户身份

# 你当然可以把token和用户的身份信息存到数据库做对应

# 但是jwt已经考虑到了,所以你只需要在dump中添加用于识别用户身份的数据即可

# 后期当用户请求到达时,使用同样的方法反解就能获取到token中包含的数据

# 从而完成用户身份的识别

​

s = Serializer(secret_key=secret_key,expires_in=expires_in,salt=salt_str,)

​

# 获取token并在其中写入用户的身份信息

# s.dump() # 将token写入指定文件 与json的dump意思相同

# 得到最后的token数据  分返回类型为字节 所以做一个解码

# iat字段来自官方文档 用于表示token的过期时间,用于客户端做判断,不是必须的

# 另外两个字段是自己定义的

token = s.dumps({

    "uer_id":"100001",

    "role_id":"2",

    "iat":time.time(),

}).decode("utf-8")

​

# 得到token 在用户登录成功时返回给客户端

print(token)

​

# 客户端利用任何手段来存储token值,在请求数据时带上token一起请求

​

# =======================================================================

# 当客户端带上token来请求时我们需要从中获取用户的身份信息

# 解析token时可能会发生异常,常见的如token过期,或token被篡改等等..

# 服务器需要做相应的检查

 

 

Django中使用案例:

服务器端代码:

文件:test/views.py

 

 

 

xxxxxxxxxx

 

 

 

 

from django.http import JsonResponse

from test1 import jwt_tool

​

# 登录接口

def login(req):

    username = req.POST.get("username")

    password = req.POST.get("password")

    # 模拟登录

    if username == "jerry" and password == "123":

        # 用户标识id

        info = {"user_id":"10086"}

        #生成token

        token = jwt_tool.gen_token(info)

        # 返回数据

        data = {"msg":"登录成功!","token":token,"code":1}

        return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)

    else:

        return JsonResponse({"msg":"登录失败!","code":-1}, safe=False,)

# 用于请求json数据的接口

def get_some_data(req):

    try:

    # 获取token

        token = req.META["HTTP_TOKEN"]

        print(token)

    except:

        return JsonResponse({"msg": "缺少token!"}, safe=False)

​

    # 解析token获取用户身份信息

    res = jwt_tool.parser_token(token)

    if res["code"] == 1:

        user_id = res["data"]["user_id"]

        return JsonResponse({"msg": "您的id为:%s" % user_id,"data":"一些数据!"}, safe=False)

    else:

        return JsonResponse({"msg": "身份验证失败 请重新登录!"}, safe=False)

 

 

客户端代码

文件:client_test.py

 

 

 

xxxxxxxxxx

 

 

 

 

import requests

​

# 模拟登录

resp = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/",data={"username":"jerry","password":"123"})

res = resp.json()

​

​

# 取出返回的token

token = None

if res["code"] == 1:

    print("登录成功!")

    token = res["token"]

else:

    print("登录失败!")

​

# 请求数据接口

resp1 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/get_some_data/",headers={"token":token})

print(resp1.json())

 

 

源码:

https://github.com/yangyuanhu/django-JWT.git