Visual Studio项目模板与向导开发

在【Xamarin+Prism开发详解系列】里面经常使用到【Prism unity app】的模板创建Prism.Forms项目：

备注：由于Unity社区已经不怎么活跃，下一个版本将会有Autofac，DryIOC，Ninject的项目模板。

自动弹出选择框：

对于我这类还没有动手写过模板的人来说，确实挺新奇的。于是就决定自己也写个类似的试试，目的就是通过向导创建跨平台Plugin项目，类似Plugin for xamarin，不过是针对Prism，对应平台可以自由选择创建。试了之后才发现也有不少注意的地方，特写下此文做备忘。

项目地址：https://github.com/NewBLife/Prism.Forms.Plugin

插件下载地址：TemplatesForPrism.vsix

1、安装插件开发用的Extensibility模板与工具

2、新建VSIX Project插件项目

source.extension.vsixmanifest 这个文件相当重要，里面可以指定安装目标，模板，向导等。

最后我实现的例子：

安装目标：VS2013以上（2017估计不行）

资产：Project模板，Item模板，Wizard向导

3、从【C# Item Template】与【C# Project Template】模板创建项目。

4、从【类库】模板创建Wizard项目。（Wizard向导只能是类库）

以上步骤之后的项目结构：

介绍：

• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Nuspec：Plugin打包文件模板
• Prism.Forms.Plugin：Plugin项目模板
• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard：Plugin创建向导
• TemplatesForPrism：VSIX插件项目

5、添加引用

• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Nuspec：Microsoft.VisaulStudio.CoreUtility
• Prism.Forms.Plugin：Microsoft.VisaulStudio.CoreUtility
• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard：Microsoft.VisaulStudio.TemplateWizardinterface，envdte
• TemplatesForPrism：Prism.Forms.Plugin.Nuspec，Prism.Forms.Plugin，Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard

6、添加生成向导

6.1、NewProjectWizard项目选择向导创建新建一个WinForm选择框，返回选择的结果。

继承IWiazrd向导接口实现：

using EnvDTE;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TemplateWizard;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;

namespace Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard
{
    public class NewProjectWizard : IWizard
    {
        private DTE _dte = null;

        private string _solutionDir = null;

        private string _templateDir = null;

        private string _projectName = null;

        PluginNewProjectDialogResult _dialogResult;

        public void BeforeOpeningFile(ProjectItem projectItem)
        {
        }

        public void ProjectFinishedGenerating(Project project)
        {
if

(_dialogResult.CreateAndroid) CreateProject(Target.Droid.ToString()); if (_dialogResult.CreateiOS) CreateProject(Target.iOS.ToString()); if

 (_dialogResult.CreateUwp)
                CreateProject(Target.UWP.ToString());

        }

void CreateProject(string platform) { string name = $"{_projectName}.{platform}"; string projectPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(_solutionDir, Path.Combine(_projectName, name)); string templateName = $"Prism.Forms.Plugin.{platform}"; string templatePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(_templateDir), $"{templateName}.zip\\{templateName}.vstemplate"

);

            _dte.Solution.AddFromTemplate(templatePath, projectPath, name);

        }

        public void ProjectItemFinishedGenerating(ProjectItem projectItem)
        {
        }

        public void RunFinished()
        {
        }

        public void RunStarted(object automationObject, Dictionary<string, string> replacementsDictionary, WizardRunKind runKind, object[] customParams)
        {
            try
            {
                _dte = automationObject as DTE;

                _projectName = replacementsDictionary["$safeprojectname$"];

                _solutionDir = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(replacementsDictionary["$destinationdirectory$"]);

                _templateDir = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(customParams[] as string);

                PluginNewProjectDialog dialog 

= new PluginNewProjectDialog(); dialog.ShowDialog(); _dialogResult =

 dialog.Result;

                if (_dialogResult.Cancelled)

                    throw new WizardBackoutException();

            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                if (Directory.Exists(_solutionDir))

                    Directory.Delete(_solutionDir, true);
                throw;
            }
        }

        public bool ShouldAddProjectItem(string filePath)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
}

模板选择后执行RunStarted==》弹出Winform选择框==》执行ProjectFinishedGenerating创建子项目

6.2、项目名称safeprojectgroupname向导创建

在NewProjectWizard向导的CreateProject方法里面我们设置了每个子项目的名称为"{_projectName}.{platform}"，所以到达子项目的时候$safeprojectname$里面已经带了iOS，Droid，UWP等名称，所以有必要进行处理。

using EnvDTE;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TemplateWizard;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;

namespace Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard
{
    public class SafeProjectGroupName : IWizard
    {
        public const string ParameterName = "$safeprojectgroupname$";

        static ThreadLocal<string> projectGroupName = new ThreadLocal<string>();
        bool isRootWizard;

        public void BeforeOpeningFile(ProjectItem projectItem)
        {
        }

        public void ProjectFinishedGenerating(Project project)
        {
        }

        public void ProjectItemFinishedGenerating(ProjectItem projectItem)
        {
        }

        public void RunFinished()
        {
            // If we were the ones to set the value, we must clear it.
            if (isRootWizard)
                projectGroupName.Value = null;
        }

        public void RunStarted(object automationObject, Dictionary<string, string> replacementsDictionary, WizardRunKind runKind, object[] customParams)
        {
            if (projectGroupName.Value == null)
            {
                var name = replacementsDictionary["$safeprojectname$"];
                if (name.EndsWith(Target.Abstractions.ToString()))
                {
                    projectGroupName.Value = name.Replace($".{Target.Abstractions.ToString()}", string.Empty);
                }
                else if (name.EndsWith(Target.Droid.ToString()))
                {
                    projectGroupName.Value = name.Replace($".{Target.Droid.ToString()}", string.Empty);
                }
                else if (name.EndsWith(Target.iOS.ToString()))
                {
                    projectGroupName.Value = name.Replace($".{Target.iOS.ToString()}", string.Empty);
                }
                else if (name.EndsWith(Target.UWP.ToString()))
                {
                    projectGroupName.Value = name.Replace($".{Target.UWP.ToString()}", string.Empty);
                }
                // If there wasn't a value already, it means we're the root wizard itself.
                isRootWizard = true;
            }

            replacementsDictionary[ParameterName] = projectGroupName.Value;
        }

        public bool ShouldAddProjectItem(string filePath)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
}

Debug测试方法：

• 给类库添加署名，否则无法注册
• 管理员权限启动VS2015 开发人员命令提示工具
• 导航到wizard生成目录
• 执行gacutil -if Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard.dll 命令注册类库
• 执行gacutil –l  列出类库的Token信息（Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b2335488e79a16da, processorArchitecture=MSIL）
• 模板文件的WizarExtension节点添加以上Token信息与入口类名称
• 安装模板，设置断点
• 启动另一个Visual Studio程序
• 调试-》附加到进程-》附加新启动的Visual Studio进程
• 新Visual Studio窗口选择建立的模板，将进入断点

7、添加模板文件并设置

Prism.Forms.Plugin.Nuspec模板设置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<VSTemplate Version="3.0.0" Type="Item" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005" xmlns:sdk="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate-sdkextension/2010">
  <TemplateData>
    <Name>Plugin nuspec for Prism.Forms</Name>
    <Description>Create a nuspec file for Prism.Forms.Plugin solution</Description>
    <Icon>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Nuspec.ico</Icon>
    <TemplateID>325a0391-d11c---b70405881e87</TemplateID>
    

<ProjectType>General</ProjectType>

    <RequiredFrameworkVersion>2.0</RequiredFrameworkVersion>
    <NumberOfParentCategoriesToRollUp></NumberOfParentCategoriesToRollUp>
    <DefaultName>PrismFormsPlugin.nuspec</DefaultName>
  </TemplateData>
  <TemplateContent>
    <ProjectItem TargetFileName="$fileinputname$.nuspec" ReplaceParameters="true">Prism.Forms.Plugin.nuspec</ProjectItem>
  </TemplateContent>
</VSTemplate>

注意点：

• Item模板的ProjectType默认为CSharp，有时候没法找到，最好设置为General。
• 模板参照文件的生成操作都设置为无。
• 记得设置分类Category，这样好找。

效果如下：（在添加新项里面）

Prism.Forms.Plugin模板设置

每个文件夹下面为相应的模板文件

• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions：接口定义
• Prism.Forms.Plugin.Droid：Android平台特性的接口实现
• Prism.Forms.Plugin.iOS：iOS平台特性的接口实现
• Prism.Forms.Plugin.UWP：UWP平台特性的接口实现

最外面的入口模板文件Prism.Forms.Plugin.vstemplate设置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<VSTemplate Version="3.0.0" 

Type="ProjectGroup"

 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005" xmlns:sdk="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate-sdkextension/2010">
  <TemplateData>
    <Name>Plugin for Prism.Forms</Name>
    <Description>Creates all files necessary to create a plugin for Prism.Forms</Description>
    <Icon>Prism.Forms.Plugin.ico</Icon>
    <ProjectType>CSharp</ProjectType>
    <RequiredFrameworkVersion>2.0</RequiredFrameworkVersion>
    <SortOrder></SortOrder>
    <TemplateID>16bac5e1-199d-4e08-9ed3-2ef287221be1</TemplateID>
    <DefaultName>PrismFormsPlugin</DefaultName>
    <ProvideDefaultName>true</ProvideDefaultName>
    <PromptForSaveOnCreation>true</PromptForSaveOnCreation>
    <NumberOfParentCategoriesToRollUp></NumberOfParentCategoriesToRollUp>
  </TemplateData>
  <TemplateContent>

<ProjectCollection> <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="$safeprojectname$.Abstractions">

        Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions\Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions.vstemplate
      

</ProjectTemplateLink> </ProjectCollection>

  </TemplateContent>

<WizardExtension>     <Assembly>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b2335488e79a16da</Assembly>     <FullClassName>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard.NewProjectWizard</FullClassName>   </WizardExtension>

</VSTemplate>

注意点：

• 入口模板文件的Type必须为ProjectGroup，否则只创建一个工程项目
• 模板内容必须使用ProjectTemplateLink添加每个子项目的模板文件设置
• 由于使用向导可选择方式创建子项目，所有这里只添加了接口的模板文件
• WizarExtension节点为向导程序设置，调用Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard.NewProjectWizard

子项目模板Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions.vstemplate设置：

<VSTemplate Version="3.0.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005" 

Type="Project">

  <TemplateData>
    <Name>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions</Name>
    <Description>Implementation Interface for Prism.Forms.Plugin </Description>
    <ProjectType>

CSharp

</ProjectType>
    <ProjectSubType>
    </ProjectSubType>
    <SortOrder></SortOrder>
    

<CreateNewFolder>true</CreateNewFolder>

    <DefaultName>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions</DefaultName>
    <ProvideDefaultName>true</ProvideDefaultName>
    <LocationField>Enabled</LocationField>
    <EnableLocationBrowseButton>true</EnableLocationBrowseButton>
    <Icon>__TemplateIcon.ico</Icon>
    <PromptForSaveOnCreation>true</PromptForSaveOnCreation>
  </TemplateData>
  <TemplateContent>
    <Project TargetFileName="$safeprojectname$.Abstractions.csproj" File="Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions.csproj" ReplaceParameters="true">
      <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true" TargetFileName="I$safeprojectgroupname$.cs">IPrismFormsPlugin.cs</ProjectItem>
      <Folder Name="Properties" TargetFolderName="Properties">
        <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true" TargetFileName="AssemblyInfo.cs">AssemblyInfo.cs</ProjectItem>
      </Folder>
    </Project>
  </TemplateContent>

<WizardExtension> <Assembly>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b2335488e79a16da</Assembly> <FullClassName>Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard.SafeProjectGroupName</FullClassName> </WizardExtension>

</VSTemplate>

注意点：

• Type为Project。
• safeprojectgroupname是Prism.Forms.Plugin.Wizard.SafeProjectGroupName向导提供的参数，不是VS内部参数。值为用户选择模板时输入的工程名称。
• 模板参照文件(IPrismFormsPlugin.cs，AssemblyInfo.cs等)的生成操作设置为无，否则编译出错。

IPrismFormsPlugin.cs设置：使用safeprojectgroupname

using System;

namespace $safeprojectgroupname$
{
    public interface I$safeprojectgroupname$
{
}
}

Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions.csproj设置：使用safeprojectgroupname

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="12.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
  <PropertyGroup>
    <MinimumVisualStudioVersion>10.0</MinimumVisualStudioVersion>
    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
    <ProjectGuid>{$guid1$}</ProjectGuid>
    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
    

<RootNamespace>$safeprojectgroupname$</RootNamespace> <AssemblyName>$safeprojectname$</AssemblyName>

    <DefaultLanguage>en-US</DefaultLanguage>
    <FileAlignment></FileAlignment>
    <ProjectTypeGuids>{786C830F-07A1-408B-BD7F-6EE04809D6DB};{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}</ProjectTypeGuids>
    <TargetFrameworkProfile>Profile7</TargetFrameworkProfile>
    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.</TargetFrameworkVersion>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel></WarningLevel>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel></WarningLevel>
    

<DocumentationFile>bin\Release\$safeprojectname$.XML</DocumentationFile>

  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <!-- A reference to the entire .NET Framework is automatically included -->
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="I$safeprojectgroupname$.cs" />
    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\Portable\$(TargetFrameworkVersion)\Microsoft.Portable.CSharp.targets" />
  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it.
       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
  </Target>
  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
  </Target>
  -->
</Project>

总体文件结构如下：

备注：

IPrismFormsPlugin.cs，AssemblyInfo.cs，Prism.Forms.Plugin.Abstractions.csproj等都是通过VS自动生成的，不是手工创建的。具体方法就是事先建立后想要的项目结构与文件，然后使用VS的导出模板功能就可以自动生成了。添加进模板项目的时候一定记得将生成操作设置为无。

8、插件source.extension.vsixmanifest文件设置

添加安装目标，资产。

9、生成发布

使用效果如下：

这回再也不用每次都添加好几次工程了，一次搞定。懒人就是这样想办法偷懒。