linux+nginx+mysql+php高性能服务器搭建

1、安装基础包

 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libevent-devel perl-CPAN

2、下载源代码包

 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
 wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/0.6/php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

wget

二、安装PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）

1.编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库：

 tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
 cd libiconv-1.13/
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
 cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
 ./configure
 make
 make install
 /sbin/ldconfig
 cd libltdl/
 ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
 make
 make install
 cd ../../

 tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
 cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
 ./configure
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
 cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
 /sbin/ldconfig
 ./configure
 make
 make install
 cd ../

编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库

2.编译安装MySQL 5.5.2-m2

 /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
 /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
 tar zxvf mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
 cd mysql-5.5.2-m2/
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
 make && make install
 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
 cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 #vi /etc/my.cnf（优化mysql）
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
 mysqladmin -uroot –p password 'password';
 delete from user where password=’’;
 cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 chkconfig --add mysqld
 chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on

编译安装MySQL 5.5.2-m2

3.编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

 tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
 cd php-5.2.13/
 patch -p1 <../php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch
 ./buildconf --force
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-fastcgi --with-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-ftp --with-libevent=shared
 make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
 make install
 cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.in

编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

注意上述命令中--enable-fpm的作用是开启php的fastcgi功能即开启php-fpm功能，--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql是启用php支持mysql的功能，/usr/local/mysql是mysql数据库的安装路径。

--enable-mbstring表示启用mbstring模块mbstring模块的主要作用在于检测和转换编码，提供对应的多字节操作的字符串函数。目前php内部的编码只支持ISO-8859-*、EUC-JP、UTF-8，其他的编码的语言是没办法在php程序上正确显示的，所以我们要启用mbstring模块。

同时我们也只是简单的开启和扩展php的一部分功能，其他需要的功能，请自行添加。

4.编译安装PHP5扩展模块

 tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
 cd memcache-2.2.5/
 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 ./configure       --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
 cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
 cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
 ./configure
 make
 make install
 cd ../

 tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
 cd imagick-2.3.0/
 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
 make
 make install
 cd ../

编译安装PHP5扩展模块

5.修改php.ini文件

 手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的 extension_dir = "./"修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
 并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

• extension = "memcache.so"
• extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
• extension = "imagick.so"

• 替换:
• sed -i "s/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\.\/\"/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\/usr\/local\/php\/lib\/php\/extensions\/no-debug-non-zts-20060613\"/g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

• 添加:
• sed -e "/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\/usr\/local\/php\/lib\/php\/extensions\/no-debug-non-zts-20060613\"/a\extension\ \=\ \"memcache.so\"\nextension\ \=\ \"pdo_mysql.so\"\nextension\ \=\ \"imagick.so\"" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
• 再查找 output_buffering = Off
• 修改为output_buffering = On
• sed -e 's/output_buffering\ \=\ Off/output_buffering\ \=\ on/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

• mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
• 2 vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下 配置信息：

 [eaccelerator]
 zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
 eaccelerator.shm_size=""
 eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
 eaccelerator.enable=""
 eaccelerator.optimizer=""
 eaccelerator.check_mtime=""
 eaccelerator.debug=""
 eaccelerator.filter=""
 eaccelerator.shm_max=""
 eaccelerator.shm_ttl=""
 eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=""
 eaccelerator.shm_only=""
 eaccelerator.compress=""
 eaccelerator.compress_level=""

6.创建www用户和组，以及供www.carl.com虚拟主机使用的目录：

 /usr/sbin/groupadd www
 /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
 mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
 chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
 chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

7.创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php- cgi）：

 在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
 rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
 vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

1. 输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

 <?xml version="1.0" ?>
 <configuration>

   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

   <section name="global_options">

     Pid file
     <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

     Error log file
     <value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

     Log level
     <value name="log_level">notice</value>

     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
     <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
     <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
     <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

     Set to 'no' to debug fpm
     <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

   </section>

   <workers>

     <section name="pool">

       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
       <value name="name">default</value>

       Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
       <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

       <value name="listen_options">

         Set listen(2) backlog
         <value name="backlog">-1</value>

         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
         <value name="owner"></value>
         <value name="group"></value>
         <value name="mode">0666</value>
       </value>

       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
       <value name="php_defines">
         <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
         <value name="display_errors">0</value>
       </value>

       Unix user of processes
       <value name="user">www</value>

       Unix group of processes
       <value name="group">www</value>

       Process manager settings
       <value name="pm">

         Sets style of controling worker process count.
         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
         <value name="style">static</value>

         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
         Used with any pm_style.
         <value name="max_children">128</value>

         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
         <value name="apache_like">

           Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
           <value name="StartServers">20</value>

           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
           <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
           <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

         </value>

       </value>

       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
       '0s' means 'off'
       <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>

       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
       '0s' means 'off'
       <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>

       The log file for slow requests
       <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>

       Set open file desc rlimit
       <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>

       Set max core size rlimit
       <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
       <value name="chroot"></value>

       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
       <value name="chdir"></value>

       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
       <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

       How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
       For endless request processing please specify 0
       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
       <value name="max_requests">1024</value>

       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
       <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
       <value name="environment">
         <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
         <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
         <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
         <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
         <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
         <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
         <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
         <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
       </value>

     </section>

   </workers>

 </configuration>

php-fpm.conf

8、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

 ulimit -SHn 65535
 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

三、安装Nginx 0.8.34

1、  安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

 tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
 cd pcre-8.01/
 ./configure
 make && make install
 cd ../

2、  安装Nginx

 tar zxvf nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
 cd nginx-0.8.34/
 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
 make && make install

3、  创建Nginx配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

 user  www www;

 worker_processes 8;

 error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log  crit;

 pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

 #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
 worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

 events
 {
   use epoll;
   worker_connections 65535;
 }

 http
 {
   include       mime.types;
   default_type  application/octet-stream;

   #charset  gb2312;

   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
   client_header_buffer_size 32k;
   large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
   client_max_body_size 8m;

   sendfile on;
   tcp_nopush     on;

   keepalive_timeout 60;

   tcp_nodelay on;

   fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
   fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
   fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
   fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

   gzip on;
   gzip_min_length  1k;
   gzip_buffers     4 16k;
   gzip_http_version 1.0;
   gzip_comp_level 2;
   gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
   gzip_vary on;

   #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

   server
   {
     listen       80;
     server_name  www.carl.com;
     index index.html index.htm index.php;
     root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

     #limit_conn   crawler  20;    

     location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
     {
       #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
       fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
       fastcgi_index index.php;
       include fcgi.conf;
     }

     location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
     {
       expires      30d;
     }

     location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
     {
       expires      1h;
     }    

     log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
     access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/carl_access.log  access;
       }

   server
   {
     listen  80;
     server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

     location / {
     stub_status on;
     access_log   off;
     }
   }
 }

nginx.conf

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

 fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
 fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

 fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
 fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
 fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
 fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

 fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
 fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
 fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
 fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

 fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
 fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
 fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
 fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
 fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

 # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
 fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

fcgi.conf

4、  启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

              vi /etc/rc.local

 ulimit -SHn 65535
 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
 net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
 net.core.somaxconn = 32768

 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

/sbin/sysctl –p 使新添加的内核参数生效！

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　              如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启：
　　①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕 显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　 　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/nginx/sbin /cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　              输入 以下内容：

 #!/bin/bash
 # This script run at 00:00

 # The Nginx logs path
 logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"

 mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
 mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
 kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　输入以下内容：

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh