kickstart安装步骤

1.1 环境说明

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
 
[root@test ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
 
[root@test ~]# getenforce
Disabled
 
[root@test ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
 
[root@test ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'
10.0.0.250
 
[root@test ~]# hostname
test

1.2 配置DHCP

1.2.1 安装dhcp

yum -y install dhcp
rpm -ql dhcp |grep "dhcpd.conf"

1.2.2 编写配置文件

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 
        range 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
 
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
 
        default-lease-time 21600;
 
        max-lease-time 43200;
 
        next-server 10.0.0.250;
 
        filename "/pxelinux.0";
 
}

----------------------------------------------------------------

# 注释

range 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;         # 可分配的起始IP-结束IP

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;    # 设定netmask

default-lease-time 21600;            # 设置默认的IP租用期限

max-lease-time 43200;                # 设置最大的IP租用期限

next-server 10.0.0.250;                # 告知客户端TFTP服务器的ip

filename "/pxelinux.0";              # 告知客户端从TFTP根目录下载pxelinux.0文件

1.2.3 启动服务

[root@test ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@test ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67                  0.0.0.0:*                               4578/dhcpd   

1.3 安装TFTP服务

1.3.1 安装tftp服务

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install tftp-server

1.3.2 编写xindetd下的配置文件

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot # 指定目录，保持默认，不用修改
        disable                 = no # 由原来的yes改为no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

1.3.3 启动服务，让xinetd 管理

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd:                                           [FAILED]
Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

1.3.4 检查端口

[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep 69
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:69                  0.0.0.0:*                               1106/xinetd

1.4 配置HTTP服务

1.4.1 安装nginx的依赖包（pcre-devel openssl-devel）

yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel

1.4.2 下载nginx软件

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz

解压软件

tar xf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz

1.4.3 创建管理用户 www

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www

1.4.4  nginx软件编译安装过程

1、配置软件，在软件的解压目录中

[root@web01 nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.10.3 --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

通过软件编译过程中的返回值是否正确，确认配置是否正确

[root@web01 nginx-1.10.3]# echo $?
0

2、编译软件

[root@web01 nginx-1.10.3]# make

3、编译安装

[root@web01 nginx-1.10.3]# make install

1.4.5 创建软连接

[root@web01 application]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.10.3/ /application/nginx

1.4.6 修改nginx配置文件

添加一行配置，作用是显示目录里的所文件

[root@test html]# vim ../conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            autoindex on;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

1.4.7 启动程序

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@web01 application]#

检查是否启动

[root@web01 application]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root      26548      1  0 20:13 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
www       26549  26548  0 20:13 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root      26551  23431  3 20:13 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

检查端口信息

[root@web01 application]# netstat -lntup |grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      26548/nginx  

1.5 挂载光盘

1.5.1 删除默认的主页文件，创建挂载目录

cd /application/nginx-1.10.3/html && \rm *.html
mkdir -p /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ios

1.5.2 挂载光盘

mount /dev/cdrom /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ios/

1.5.3 检查挂载信息

[root@test html]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        19G  1.8G   16G  10% /
tmpfs           238M     0  238M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   40M  141M  22% /boot
/dev/sr0        3.7G  3.7G     0 100% /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ios/

1.6 配置支持PXE的启动程序

安装syslinux

yum -y install syslinux

复制启动菜单程序文件

[root@test ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@test ~]# cp -a /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@test ~]#  ls /var/lib/tftpboot/
boot.cat  grub.conf   isolinux.bin  memtest     splash.jpg  vesamenu.c32
boot.msg  initrd.img  isolinux.cfg  pxelinux.0  TRANS.TBL   vmlinuz

新建一个pxelinux.cfg目录，存放客户端的配置文件。

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp -a /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

1.11 整合编辑default配置文件

[root@test ks_config]# cat  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default ks
prompt 0
timeout 600
 
display boot.msg
 
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.9!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
 
label linux
  menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img
label vesa
  menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img nomodeset
label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue installed system
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
  menu label ^Memory test
  kernel memtest
  append -
label ks
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.250/ks_config/CentOS-6.9-ks.cfg

1.9.1 编写ks文件

[root@test ~]# grub-crypt
Password:  123456
Retype password:  123465
$6$OH3zrKw7ruG5mtIh$8bV2RhvoB72VCIXYY.2ROFi8AOLdI3lHGB.rkGDEhlqxTZduPE3VoJW2OIZRA1y9Gw4Zka461IBZ9VuIIaNqK.

创建ks文件存放目录

[root@test ~]# mkdir /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ks_config -p

ks文件内容

[root@test ks_config]# cat /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ks_config/CentOS-6.9-ks.cfg
# Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.9 by hou zhaoshun
install
url --url="http://10.0.0.250/ios/"
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS6
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw  --iscrypted $6$X20eRtuZhkHznTb4$dK0BJByOSAWSDD8jccLVFz0CscijS9ldMWwpoCw/ZEjYw2BTQYGWlgKsn945fFTjRC658UXjuocwJbAjVI5D6/
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
part swap --size=768
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%post
wget -O /tmp/optimization.sh http://10.0.0.250/ks_config/optimization.sh &>/dev/null
/bin/sh /tmp/optimization.sh
%end

1.10 编写开机优化脚本

[root@test ks_config]# cat /application/nginx-1.10.3/html/ks_config/optimization.sh
#!/bin/bash
##############################################################
# File Name: /var/www/html/ks_config/optimization.sh
# Version: V1.0
# Author: houzhaoshun
# Organization: blog.znix.top
# Created Time : 2017-10-23
# Description: Linux system initialization
##############################################################
. /etc/init.d/functions
Ip=10.0.0.250
Port=80
ConfigDir=ks_config
# Judge Http server is ok?
PortNum=`nmap $Ip  -p $Port 2>/dev/null|grep open|wc -l`
[ $PortNum -lt 1 ] && {
        echo "Http server is bad!"
        exit 1
}
# Defined result function
function Msg(){
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
          action "$1" /bin/true
        else
          action "$1" /bin/false
        fi
}
# Defined IP function
function ConfigIP(){
Suffix=`ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ .]+" 'NR==2 {print $6}'`
cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 <<-END
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=10.0.0.$Suffix
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.254
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
END
Msg "config eth0"
}
# Defined Yum source Functions
function yum(){
        YumDir=/etc/yum.repos.d
        [ -f "$YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo" ] && cp $YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo{,.ori}
        wget -O $YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/CentOS-Base.repo &>/dev/null &&\
        wget -O $YumDir/epel.repo http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/epel.repo &>/dev/null &&\
        Msg "YUM source"
}
# Defined Hide the system version number Functions
function HideVersion(){
        [ -f "/etc/issue" ] && >/etc/issue
        Msg "Hide issue"
        [ -f "/etc/issue.net" ] && > /etc/issue.net
        Msg "Hide issue.net"
}
# Defined OPEN FILES Functions
function openfiles(){
        [ -f "/etc/security/limits.conf" ] && {
        echo '*  -  nofile  65535' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
        Msg "open files"
        }
}
# Defined Kernel parameters Functions
function kernel(){
        KernelDir=/etc
        [ -f "$KernelDir/sysctl.conf" ] && /bin/mv $KernelDir/sysctl.conf{,.ori}
        wget -O $KernelDir/sysctl.conf http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/sysctl.conf &>/dev/null
        Msg "Kernel config"
}
# Defined System Startup Services Functions
function boot(){
        for oldboy in `chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"|awk '{print $1}'|grep -vE "crond|network|rsyslog|sshd|sysstat"`
          do
           chkconfig $oldboy off
        done
        Msg "BOOT config"
}
# Defined Time Synchronization Functions
function Time(){
        echo "#time sync by houzhaoshun at $(date +%F)" >>/var/spool/cron/root
        echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov &>/dev/null' >>/var/spool/cron/root
        Msg "Time Synchronization"
}
# Defined main Functions
function main(){
        ConfigIP
        yum
        HideVersion
        openfiles
        kernel
        boot
        Time
}
main
# rz上传CentOS-Base.repo、epel.repo、sysctl.conf