Python (paramiko) 连接Linux服务器

目录

• 参考资料
• Paramiko
  • 安装
• 连接Linux
• 文件上传/下载
• 文件封装
• 其他

参考资料

https://www.liujiangblog.com/blog/15/

https://blog.csdn.net/leorx01/article/details/71141643

http://docs.paramiko.org/en/stable/api/client.html

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1cQ4y1P7dg?p=4

Paramiko

简单说就是一款SSH2的连接工具，Python写的,作为一个测试用来干嘛尼，为了实现个需求，连上数据库服务器，备份/恢复SQL用，(测试前的数据备份-测试后的数据恢复，达到一个互不污染的数据环境, 思路提供者QQ: 1301559180)

安装

pip install paramiko

连接Linux

import paramiko

# SSH连接对象
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 自动接受服务器发过来的密钥
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 用户名 + 密码连接
ssh_client.connect(hostname="192.168.60.222", port=22, username="root", password="123456")
# # 用户名 + 私钥连接; 私钥 文件路径
# private = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(r'C:\Users\zy7y\.ssh\id_rsa')
# ssh_client.connect(hostname="192.168.60.222", port=22, username="root", pkey=private)

# 执行命令，得到结果 ， 返回多个数据 第一个标准输入-用于交互式命令， 第二个标准输出-保存命令的正常执行结果， 第三个标准错误输出
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command("pwd")
# 返回类型字节 type(stdout.read()) <class 'bytes'>
# 转成字符串
print(stdout.read().decode())

# 关闭连接
ssh_client.close()

文件上传/下载

import paramiko

# 进行SSH连接
ssh_client = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.60.222", 22))
ssh_client.connect(username="root", password="123456")

# # 配置私人密钥文件位置
# private = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
# # 连接SSH服务端，使用pkey指定私钥
# ssh_client.connect(username="root", pkey=private)

# 创建ftp客户端
ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_client)

# 上传文件到服务器,将当前目录下的test.sql 上传到服务器上
ftp_client.put(localpath="test.sql", remotepath="/root/test3/hello.sql")

# 下载文件到本地
ftp_client.get(localpath="test1.sql", remotepath="/root/test3/hello.sql")

# 关闭ssh连接
ssh_client.close()

文件封装

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
"""
@project: apiAutoTest
@file: ssh_demo.py
@author: zy7y
@time: 2021/1/18
@site: https://cnblogs.com/zy7y
@github: https://github.com/zy7y
@gitee: https://gitee.com/zy7y
@desc:
paramiko封装
"""
import paramiko
import os

class SSHTools:
    def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root",
                 password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
        """
        SSH连接服务器的方案，密码(password)方式和私钥文件(private_key_file)方式只能选择一个
        :param host: 主机地址 str
        :param port: 主机端口 默认(int) 22
        :param username: 登录时所用账号 默认(str) root
        :param password:  账号所对应密码 (str) 默认 None
        :param private_key_file: 私钥文件路径 (str) 默认None 与password 只可选择一个
        """
        ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        # 自动接受服务器发过来的密钥
        ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        try:
            if password is None:
                # 用户名 + 私钥文件连接
                ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=username,
                                   pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
            else:
                # 用户名 + 密码连接
                ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=username, password=password)
            print(f"SSH连接成功,address: {host}:{port}!")
            self.ssh_client = ssh_client
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"SSH连接失败, 错误内容: {e}")

    def execute_cmd(self, cmd: str):
        """
        :param cmd: 服务器下对应的命令, 可以是list，或者str
        """
        try:
            if isinstance(cmd, list):
                for c in cmd:
                    stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh_client.exec_command(c)
                    print(f"输入命令: {c} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()},\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
            else:
                stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh_client.exec_command(cmd)
                print(f"输入命令: {cmd} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()}\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"错误如下, {e}")

    def ssh_close(self):
        """关闭连接"""
        self.ssh_client.close()
        print("已关闭SSH连接...")

class SFTPTools:

    def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root", password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
        # 进行SSH连接
        ssh_client = paramiko.Transport((host, port))
        self.host = host
        if password is None:
            ssh_client.connect(username="root", pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
        else:
            ssh_client.connect(username=username, password=password)
        self.ssh_client = ssh_client
        # 创建ftp客户端
        self.ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_client)

    def files_action(self, post: bool, local_path: str = os.getcwd(), remote_path: str = "/root"):
        """
        :param post: 动作 为 True 就是上传， False就是下载
        :param local_path: 本地的文件路径， 默认当前脚本所在的工作目录
        :param remote_path: 服务器上的文件路径，默认在/root目录下
        """
        if post:     # 上传文件
            if remote_path[-1] != "/":
                remote_path += "/"
            self.ftp_client.put(localpath=local_path, remotepath=f"{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
            print(f"文件上传成功: {local_path} -> {host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
        else:   # 下载文件
            if local_path[-1] != "\\":
                local_path += "\\"
            self.ftp_client.get(localpath=f"{local_path}{os.path.split(remote_path)[1]}", remotepath=remote_path)
            print(f"文件下载成功: {host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]} -> {local_path}")

    def ssh_close(self):
        """关闭连接"""
        self.ssh_client.close()
        print("已关闭SSH连接...")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 自己的虚拟机哈
    host = "192.168.60.222"
    username = "root"
    password = "123456"

    ssh = SSHTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
    shell = "uname"
    ssh.execute_cmd(shell)
    ssh.ssh_close()

    # SFTP
    sftp = SFTPTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
    sftp.files_action(True, r"C:\Users\zy7y\Desktop\FastAPI.xmind", "/root")
    sftp.files_action(0, remote_path="/root/FastAPI.xmind")
    sftp.ssh_close()

另一种简洁点的

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
"""
@project: apiAutoTest
@file: ssh_demo.py
@author: zy7y
@time: 2021/1/18
@site: https://cnblogs.com/zy7y
@github: https://github.com/zy7y
@gitee: https://gitee.com/zy7y
@desc:
paramiko封装
"""
# SSH  + SFTP 参考链接 https://www.liujiangblog.com/blog/15/
class LinuxTools:
    def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root", password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
        # 进行SSH连接
        self.trans = paramiko.Transport((host, port))
        self.host = host
        if password is None:
            self.trans.connect(username="root", pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
        else:
            self.trans.connect(username=username, password=password)
        # 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的trans
        self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.ssh._transport = self.trans
        # 创建SFTP客户端
        self.ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.trans)

    def execute_cmd(self, cmd: str):
        """
        :param cmd: 服务器下对应的命令, 可以是list，或者str
        """
        try:
            if isinstance(cmd, list):
                for c in cmd:
                    stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(c)
                    print(f"输入命令: {c} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()},\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
            else:
                stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)
                print(f"输入命令: {cmd} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()}\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"错误如下, {e}")

    def files_action(self, post: bool, local_path: str = os.getcwd(), remote_path: str = "/root"):
        """
        :param post: 动作 为 True 就是上传， False就是下载
        :param local_path: 本地的文件路径， 默认当前脚本所在的工作目录
        :param remote_path: 服务器上的文件路径，默认在/root目录下
        """
        if post:  # 上传文件
            if remote_path[-1] != "/":
                remote_path += "/"
            self.ftp_client.put(localpath=local_path, remotepath=f"{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
            print(f"文件上传成功: {local_path} -> {self.host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
        else:  # 下载文件
            if local_path[-1] != "\\":
                local_path += "\\"
            self.ftp_client.get(localpath=f"{local_path}{os.path.split(remote_path)[1]}", remotepath=remote_path)
            print(f"文件下载成功: {self.host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]} -> {local_path}")

    def ssh_close(self):
        """关闭连接"""
        self.trans.close()
        print("已关闭SSH连接...")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 自己的虚拟机哈
    host = "192.168.60.222"
    username = "root"
    password = "123456"

    ssh_sftp = LinuxTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
    ssh_sftp.execute_cmd("docker images")
    ssh_sftp.files_action(True, r"C:\Users\zy7y\Desktop\FastAPI.xmind", "/root")
    ssh_sftp.files_action(0, remote_path="/root/FastAPI.xmind")
    ssh_sftp.ssh_close()

其他

找个时间把其和apiAutoTest集成一下吧~~~