『TensorFlow』SSD源码学习_其五：TFR数据读取&数据预处理
Fork版本项目地址：SSD
一、TFR数据读取
创建slim.dataset.Dataset对象
在train_ssd_network.py获取数据操作如下，首先需要slim.dataset.Dataset对象
# Select the dataset.
# 'imagenet', 'train', tfr文件存储位置
# TFR文件命名格式：'voc_2012_%s_*.tfrecord'，%s使用train或者test
dataset = dataset_factory.get_dataset(
FLAGS.dataset_name, FLAGS.dataset_split_name, FLAGS.dataset_dir)
获取过程会经过一系列臃肿的调用，我把中间被调用的函数（们）写在了下面，由上到下依次调用：
def get_dataset(name, split_name, dataset_dir, file_pattern=None, reader=None):
"""
Returns:
A `Dataset` class.
Raises:
ValueError: If the dataset `name` is unknown.
"""
if name not in datasets_map:
raise ValueError('Name of dataset unknown %s' % name)
# pascalvoc_2012.get_split
return datasets_map[name].get_split(split_name,
dataset_dir,
file_pattern,
reader) def get_split(split_name, dataset_dir, file_pattern=None, reader=None):
"""
Returns:
A `Dataset` namedtuple.
Raises:
ValueError: if `split_name` is not a valid train/test split.
"""
if not file_pattern:
file_pattern = FILE_PATTERN # 需要文件命名格式满足：'voc_2012_%s_*.tfrecord'
return pascalvoc_common.get_split(split_name, dataset_dir,
file_pattern, reader,
SPLITS_TO_SIZES, # {'train': 17125,}
ITEMS_TO_DESCRIPTIONS,
NUM_CLASSES # 20
)
"""
ITEMS_TO_DESCRIPTIONS = {
'image': 'A color image of varying height and width.',
'shape': 'Shape of the image',
'object/bbox': 'A list of bounding boxes, one per each object.',
'object/label': 'A list of labels, one per each object.',
}
"""
最终调用，获取slim.dataset.Dataset（解析见『TensorFlow』从磁盘读取数据），实际上能够传入满足slim.dataset.Dataset的参数即可：
def get_split(split_name, dataset_dir, file_pattern, reader,
split_to_sizes, items_to_descriptions, num_classes):
"""Gets a dataset tuple with instructions for reading Pascal VOC dataset. Args:
split_name: A train/test split name.
dataset_dir: The base directory of the dataset sources.
file_pattern: The file pattern to use when matching the dataset sources.
It is assumed that the pattern contains a '%s' string so that the split
name can be inserted.
reader: The TensorFlow reader type. Returns:
A `Dataset` namedtuple. Raises:
ValueError: if `split_name` is not a valid train/test split.
"""
# 'train'
if split_name not in split_to_sizes:
raise ValueError('split name %s was not recognized.' % split_name)
file_pattern = os.path.join(dataset_dir, file_pattern % split_name) # Allowing None in the signature so that dataset_factory can use the default.
if reader is None:
reader = tf.TFRecordReader
# Features in Pascal VOC TFRecords.
keys_to_features = { # 解码TFR文件方式
'image/encoded': tf.FixedLenFeature((), tf.string, default_value=''),
'image/format': tf.FixedLenFeature((), tf.string, default_value='jpeg'),
'image/height': tf.FixedLenFeature([1], tf.int64),
'image/width': tf.FixedLenFeature([1], tf.int64),
'image/channels': tf.FixedLenFeature([1], tf.int64),
'image/shape': tf.FixedLenFeature([3], tf.int64),
'image/object/bbox/xmin': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
'image/object/bbox/ymin': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
'image/object/bbox/xmax': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
'image/object/bbox/ymax': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
'image/object/bbox/label': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.int64),
'image/object/bbox/difficult': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.int64),
'image/object/bbox/truncated': tf.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.int64),
}
items_to_handlers = { # 解码二进制数据条目
'image': slim.tfexample_decoder.Image('image/encoded', 'image/format'),
'shape': slim.tfexample_decoder.Tensor('image/shape'),
'object/bbox': slim.tfexample_decoder.BoundingBox(
['ymin', 'xmin', 'ymax', 'xmax'], 'image/object/bbox/'),
'object/label': slim.tfexample_decoder.Tensor('image/object/bbox/label'),
'object/difficult': slim.tfexample_decoder.Tensor('image/object/bbox/difficult'),
'object/truncated': slim.tfexample_decoder.Tensor('image/object/bbox/truncated'),
}
# 解码实施
decoder = slim.tfexample_decoder.TFExampleDecoder(
keys_to_features, items_to_handlers) labels_to_names = None
# tf.gfile.Exists(os.path.join(dataset_dir, 'labels.txt'))
if dataset_utils.has_labels(dataset_dir):
labels_to_names = dataset_utils.read_label_file(dataset_dir)
# else:
# labels_to_names = create_readable_names_for_imagenet_labels()
# dataset_utils.write_label_file(labels_to_names, dataset_dir) return slim.dataset.Dataset(
data_sources=file_pattern, # TFR文件名
reader=reader, # 阅读器
decoder=decoder, # 解码Tensor
num_samples=split_to_sizes[split_name], # 数目
items_to_descriptions=items_to_descriptions, # decoder条目描述字段
num_classes=num_classes, # 类别数
labels_to_names=labels_to_names # 字典{图片:类别,……}
) ''' items_to_descriptions:
{'image': 'A color image of varying height and width.',
'shape': 'Shape of the image',
'object/bbox': 'A list of bounding boxes, one per each object.',
'object/label': 'A list of labels, one per each object.',}
'''
这里额外说一句，存储数据中ymin、xmin、ymax、xmax格子存储为(n,)的shape（n表示图像中对象数目），但是在进行了items_to_handlers之后，新的handlers：object/bbox形状变化为(n, 4)，由于这涉及到多目标检测后续一系列处理，所以值得注意。
从TFR中获取 batch数据
with tf.name_scope(FLAGS.dataset_name + '_data_provider'):
provider = slim.dataset_data_provider.DatasetDataProvider(
dataset, # DatasetDataProvider 需要 slim.dataset.Dataset 做参数
num_readers=FLAGS.num_readers,
common_queue_capacity=20 * FLAGS.batch_size,
common_queue_min=10 * FLAGS.batch_size,
shuffle=True)
# Get for SSD network: image, labels, bboxes.c
# DatasetDataProvider可以通过TFR字段获取batch size数据
[image, shape, glabels, gbboxes] = provider.get(['image', 'shape',
'object/label',
'object/bbox'])
此时数据已经获取完毕，预处理之后即可加入运算。
注意，直到现在为止，我们仅对图片数据进行了解码，并没有扩充维度，也就是说其维度依然是3维。
二、数据处理
获取对应数据集的预处里函数，并使用其处理上面小结中获取的batch数据，
image_preprocessing_fn = preprocessing_factory.get_preprocessing(
preprocessing_name, is_training=True) # Pre-processing image, labels and bboxes.
image, glabels, gbboxes = \
image_preprocessing_fn(image, glabels, gbboxes,
out_shape=ssd_shape, # (300,300)
data_format=DATA_FORMAT) # 'NCHW'
有的时候你会觉得这种层层调用非常的sb……下面两步依旧是个调用链，
def get_preprocessing(name, is_training=False):
preprocessing_fn_map = {
'ssd_300_vgg': ssd_vgg_preprocessing,
'ssd_512_vgg': ssd_vgg_preprocessing,
} if name not in preprocessing_fn_map:
raise ValueError('Preprocessing name [%s] was not recognized' % name) def preprocessing_fn(image, labels, bboxes,
out_shape, data_format='NHWC', **kwargs):
return preprocessing_fn_map[name].preprocess_image(
image, labels, bboxes, out_shape, data_format=data_format,
is_training=is_training, **kwargs)
return preprocessing_fn def preprocess_image(image,
labels,
bboxes,
out_shape,
data_format,
is_training=False,
**kwargs):
if is_training:
return preprocess_for_train(image, labels, bboxes,
out_shape=out_shape,
data_format=data_format)
else:
return preprocess_for_eval(image, labels, bboxes,
out_shape=out_shape,
data_format=data_format,
**kwargs)
之后就是数据具体的预处理函数，本篇我们仅仅关注训练预处理。
训练数据预处理概览
大致流程是：
有条件的在原图上裁剪一个区域
计算裁剪后区域和各个标注框的重叠，视阈值保留bboxes和labels
裁剪出来的图片放大到输入图片大小（bbox都是归一化的，不需要放缩）
随机翻转（bbox要同步翻转）
其他预处理（不涉及bbox）
返回image, labels, bboxes
def preprocess_for_train(image, labels, bboxes,
out_shape, data_format='NHWC',
scope='ssd_preprocessing_train'):
"""Preprocesses the given image for training.
"""
fast_mode = False
with tf.name_scope(scope, 'ssd_preprocessing_train', [image, labels, bboxes]):
if image.get_shape().ndims != 3:
raise ValueError('Input must be of size [height, width, C>0]')
# Convert to float scaled [0, 1].
if image.dtype != tf.float32:
image = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(image, dtype=tf.float32)
tf_summary_image(image, bboxes, 'image_with_bboxes')
# 上面保证了图片是3维的tf.float32格式 # （有条件的）随机裁剪，筛选调整后的labels(n,)、bboxes(n, 4)，裁剪图片对应原图坐标(4,)
dst_image, labels, bboxes, distort_bbox = \
distorted_bounding_box_crop(image, labels, bboxes,
min_object_covered=MIN_OBJECT_COVERED, # 0.25
aspect_ratio_range=CROP_RATIO_RANGE) # (0.6, 1.67) # Resize image to output size.
dst_image = tf_image.resize_image(dst_image, out_shape,
method=tf.image.ResizeMethod.BILINEAR,
align_corners=False)
tf_summary_image(dst_image, bboxes, 'image_shape_distorted') # Randomly flip the image horizontally.
dst_image, bboxes = tf_image.random_flip_left_right(dst_image, bboxes) # Randomly distort the colors. There are 4 ways to do it.
dst_image = apply_with_random_selector(
dst_image,
lambda x, ordering: distort_color(x, ordering, fast_mode),
num_cases=4)
tf_summary_image(dst_image, bboxes, 'image_color_distorted') # Rescale to VGG input scale.
image = dst_image * 255.
image = tf_image_whitened(image, [_R_MEAN, _G_MEAN, _B_MEAN])
# mean = tf.constant(means, dtype=image.dtype)
# image = image - mean # Image data format.
if data_format == 'NCHW':
image = tf.transpose(image, perm=(2, 0, 1))
# 'NHWC' (n,) (n, 4)
return image, labels, bboxes
裁剪图片并调整labels、bboxes
整体流程如下，
调用内置函数保证裁剪的大小范围以及一定会包含一些关注目标，返回裁剪参数
裁剪（注意保留裁剪位置参数）图片
计算裁剪框和各个检测框的重叠，并设置阈值舍弃、调整保留框坐标
def distorted_bounding_box_crop(image,
labels,
bboxes,
min_object_covered=0.3,
aspect_ratio_range=(0.9, 1.1),
area_range=(0.1, 1.0),
max_attempts=200,
clip_bboxes=True,
scope=None):
"""Generates cropped_image using a one of the bboxes randomly distorted. See `tf.image.sample_distorted_bounding_box` for more documentation. Args:
image: 3-D Tensor of image (it will be converted to floats in [0, 1]).
bbox: 3-D float Tensor of bounding boxes arranged [1, num_boxes, coords]
where each coordinate is [0, 1) and the coordinates are arranged
as [ymin, xmin, ymax, xmax]. If num_boxes is 0 then it would use the whole
image.
min_object_covered: An optional `float`. Defaults to `0.1`. The cropped
area of the image must contain at least this fraction of any bounding box
supplied.
aspect_ratio_range: An optional list of `floats`. The cropped area of the
image must have an aspect ratio = width / height within this range.
area_range: An optional list of `floats`. The cropped area of the image
must contain a fraction of the supplied image within in this range.
max_attempts: An optional `int`. Number of attempts at generating a cropped
region of the image of the specified constraints. After `max_attempts`
failures, return the entire image.
scope: Optional scope for name_scope.
Returns:
A tuple, a 3-D Tensor cropped_image and the distorted bbox
"""
with tf.name_scope(scope, 'distorted_bounding_box_crop', [image, bboxes]):
# 高级的随机裁剪
# The bounding box coordinates are floats in `[0.0, 1.0]` relative to the width
# and height of the underlying image.
# 1-D, 1-D, [1, 1, 4]
bbox_begin, bbox_size, distort_bbox = tf.image.sample_distorted_bounding_box(
tf.shape(image),
bounding_boxes=tf.expand_dims(bboxes, 0), # [1, n, 4]
min_object_covered=min_object_covered,
aspect_ratio_range=aspect_ratio_range,
area_range=area_range,
max_attempts=max_attempts,
use_image_if_no_bounding_boxes=True)
'''
Returns:
A tuple of `Tensor` objects (begin, size, bboxes). begin: A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `image_size`. 1-D, containing `[offset_height, offset_width, 0]`.
Provide as input to `tf.slice`.
size: A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `image_size`. 1-D, containing `[target_height, target_width, -1]`.
Provide as input to `tf.slice`.
bboxes: A `Tensor` of type `float32`. 3-D with shape `[1, 1, 4]` containing the distorted bounding box.
Provide as input to `tf.image.draw_bounding_boxes`.
'''
# [4]
distort_bbox = distort_bbox[0, 0] # Crop the image to the specified bounding box.
cropped_image = tf.slice(image, bbox_begin, bbox_size)
# Restore the shape since the dynamic slice loses 3rd dimension.
cropped_image.set_shape([None, None, 3]) # <-----设置了尺寸了哈 # Update bounding boxes: resize and filter out.
bboxes = tfe.bboxes_resize(distort_bbox, bboxes) # [4], [n, 4]
labels, bboxes = tfe.bboxes_filter_overlap(labels, bboxes,
threshold=BBOX_CROP_OVERLAP, # 0.5
assign_negative=False)
# 返回随机裁剪的图片，筛选调整后的labels(n,)、bboxes(n, 4)，裁剪图片对应原图坐标(4,)
return cropped_image, labels, bboxes, distort_bbox
三个关键函数：
tf.image.sample_distorted_bounding_box 裁剪，用法查看文档，就是裁剪一个子图，返回最后参数是子图坐标
bboxes_resize 框坐标原点置为裁剪框左上角点，xy单位长度置为裁剪框wh（归一化）
bboxes_filter_overlap 计算重叠区/原框的百分比，舍弃达不到阈值的labels和bboxes
其中第二个函数我们前面并未强调，但是，由于所有的涉及框坐标的计算都是基于图像坐标归一化之后（tf内置函数都是这样），所以这一步计算是必要的，将坐标系由原图（注意是图，这也导致了两者单位长度差别很大）转换为裁剪框，并设定单位长度。
def bboxes_resize(bbox_ref, bboxes, name=None):
# Tensors inputs.
with tf.name_scope(name, 'bboxes_resize'):
# Translate.
# bbox_ref:['ymin', 'xmin', 'ymax', 'xmax']
v = tf.stack([bbox_ref[0], bbox_ref[1], bbox_ref[0], bbox_ref[1]])
bboxes = bboxes - v
# Scale.
s = tf.stack([bbox_ref[2] - bbox_ref[0], # h
bbox_ref[3] - bbox_ref[1], # w
bbox_ref[2] - bbox_ref[0],
bbox_ref[3] - bbox_ref[1]])
bboxes = bboxes / s
return bboxes def bboxes_filter_overlap(labels, bboxes,
threshold=0.5, assign_negative=False,
scope=None):
"""Filter out bounding boxes based on (relative )overlap with reference
box [0, 0, 1, 1]. Remove completely bounding boxes, or assign negative
labels to the one outside (useful for latter processing...). Return:
labels, bboxes: Filtered (or newly assigned) elements.
"""
with tf.name_scope(scope, 'bboxes_filter', [labels, bboxes]):
# (N,) Tensor：和[0,0,1,1]相交面积大于0的位置返回面积比（相交/原本），小于0的位置返回0
scores = bboxes_intersection(tf.constant([0, 0, 1, 1], bboxes.dtype),
bboxes)
mask = scores > threshold
if assign_negative: # 保留所有的label和框，重叠区不够的label置负
labels = tf.where(mask, labels, -labels) # 交叉满足的标记为正，否则为负
else: # 删除重叠区不够的label和框
labels = tf.boolean_mask(labels, mask) # bool掩码，类似于array的bool切片
bboxes = tf.boolean_mask(bboxes, mask)
return labels, bboxes # 被上面函数调用，计算相交（和裁剪框）面积占原框面积比值
def bboxes_intersection(bbox_ref, bboxes, name=None):
"""Compute relative intersection between a reference box and a
collection of bounding boxes. Namely, compute the quotient between
intersection area and box area. Args:
bbox_ref: (N, 4) or (4,) Tensor with reference bounding box(es).
bboxes: (N, 4) Tensor, collection of bounding boxes.
Return:
(N,) Tensor with relative intersection.
"""
with tf.name_scope(name, 'bboxes_intersection'):
# Should be more efficient to first transpose.
bboxes = tf.transpose(bboxes)
bbox_ref = tf.transpose(bbox_ref)
# Intersection bbox and volume.
int_ymin = tf.maximum(bboxes[0], bbox_ref[0])
int_xmin = tf.maximum(bboxes[1], bbox_ref[1])
int_ymax = tf.minimum(bboxes[2], bbox_ref[2])
int_xmax = tf.minimum(bboxes[3], bbox_ref[3])
h = tf.maximum(int_ymax - int_ymin, 0.)
w = tf.maximum(int_xmax - int_xmin, 0.)
# Volumes.
inter_vol = h * w # 各个框在[0,0,1,1]内的面积
bboxes_vol = (bboxes[2] - bboxes[0]) * (bboxes[3] - bboxes[1]) # 各个框面积
scores = tfe_math.safe_divide(inter_vol, bboxes_vol, 'intersection')
# from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
# 大于0的位置返回面积比，小于0的位置返回0
# tf.where(math_ops.greater(bboxes_vol, 0), # 返回bool表是否大于0
# math_ops.divide(inter_vol, bboxes_vol),
# tf.zeros_like(inter_vol), name=name)
return scores
其他预处理函数没什么特别注意的，不多介绍，自行查看源码即可。
至此，数据预处理完成，我们给出自从TFR中获取数据到预处理完成的局部代码，如下，
with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
with tf.name_scope(FLAGS.dataset_name + '_data_provider'):
provider = slim.dataset_data_provider.DatasetDataProvider(
dataset, # DatasetDataProvider 需要 slim.dataset.Dataset 做参数
num_readers=FLAGS.num_readers,
common_queue_capacity=20 * FLAGS.batch_size,
common_queue_min=10 * FLAGS.batch_size,
shuffle=True)
# Get for SSD network: image, labels, bboxes.c
# DatasetDataProvider可以通过TFR字段获取batch size数据
[image, shape, glabels, gbboxes] = provider.get(['image', 'shape',
'object/label',
'object/bbox'])
# Pre-processing image, labels and bboxes.
# 'CHW' (n,) (n, 4)
image, glabels, gbboxes = \
image_preprocessing_fn(image, glabels, gbboxes,
out_shape=ssd_shape, # (300,300)
data_format=DATA_FORMAT) # 'NCHW'
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