quota - linux磁盘配额管理

磁盘管理系列

linux磁盘管理系列一：磁盘配额管理 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_040_quota.html

linux磁盘管理系列二：软RAID的实现 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_041_raid.html

linux磁盘管理系列三：LVM的使用 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_042_lvm.html

1 前言

在linux系统中，由于是多用户、多任务的环境，如果有少数几个用户大量使用磁盘空间，导致其他用户的正常使用，因此需要对各个用户的磁盘空间进行管理和限定。

2 quota的用途

限制某一个用户的最大磁盘配额

3 quota的使用限制

仅能针对整个文件系统
内核必须支持
只对一般用户生效
这里提供一个样例，针对样例对quota的配置管理做个描述

4 案例讲解

4.1案例描述

创建5个用户user1,user2,user3,user4,user5，密码和用户名相同，初始组为usergrp组。
5个用户都可以取得300M的磁盘使用空间，文件数量不限。超过250M,给于提示。
usergrp这个组内成员最大使用空间1GB。
如果有用户超过soft限制，给14天的宽限时间。

4.2 准备磁盘

[root@mail ~]# fdisk -l      #查看磁盘情况

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000bd275

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 39.7 GB, 39720058880 bytes, 77578240 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb     #对sdb这个盘进行分区，这里就分一个区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbcd17d69.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):

Using default value 20971519

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xbcd17d69

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

655360 inodes, 2621184 blocks

131059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952

80 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@mail ~]# mkdir /mnt/home          #创建一个目录

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/home   #测试挂载下

4.4.创建用户

[root@mail ~]# vim adduserbat.sh #创建一个添加用户的脚本

[root@mail ~]# cat adduserbat.sh #确认下脚本

#!/bin/bash

groupadd usergrp

for user in user1 user2 user3 user4 user5

useradd -g usergrp -b /mnt/home $user

echo $user |passwd --stdin $user

done

[root@mail ~]# sh adduserbat.sh #运行脚本去创建用户

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.