1. 查看现有磁盘信息，可以看出根分区有96G
[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root   96G  2.0G   94G   3% /

devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot

tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0
  1. 查看新增加的磁盘信息
  • fdisk
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 102.1 GB, 102131302400 bytes, 199475200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  • parted
[root@localhost ~]# parted -l

Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 500GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags

 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot

 2      1075MB  107GB   106GB   primary               lvm

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4161MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: loop

Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags

 1      0.00B  4161MB  4161MB  linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 102GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: loop

Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags

 1      0.00B  102GB  102GB  xfs
  1. 根据以上信息，对新增加的磁盘进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition

   g   create a new empty GPT partition table

   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

   l   list known partition types

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table

   q   quit without saving changes

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (3,4, default 3):

First sector (209715200-977272831, default 209715200):

Using default value 209715200

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (209715200-977272831, default 977272831):

Using default value 977272831

Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 366 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3):

Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris

 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx

 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data

 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .

 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility

 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt

 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access

 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O

 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor

 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs

 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT

 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor

12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary

16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda3       209715200   977272831   383778816   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

重启系统后，登陆系统。（一定要重启系统，否则可能无法继续下面的操作扩充新分区）

同时在进行下一步之前，说明一下pv、vg、lv的关系。

一个硬盘f分区组成一个pv（物理卷）

一个或者多个pv组成一个vg（卷组）

一个vg可以划分出多个lv（逻辑卷）

  1. 查看物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvs

  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

  root centos -wi-ao---- <95.12g

  swap centos -wi-ao----  <3.88g
  1. 创建物理卷
  • 格式化分区（非必需，先格式化后面创建物理卷还是会擦除）
# 查看系统的文件类型

[root@localhost ~]# df -T

Filesystem              Type     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       99688900 2028996  97659904   3% /

devtmpfs                devtmpfs   2010736       0   2010736   0% /dev

tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628       0   2022628   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628    8676   2013952   1% /run

tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628       0   2022628   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1               xfs        1038336  166632    871704  17% /boot

tmpfs                   tmpfs       404528       0    404528   0% /run/user/0

# 格式化为xfs

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3

meta-data=/dev/sda3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=23986176 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=95944704, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=46848, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
  • 创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3

WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y

  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.

  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
  1. 查看物理卷信息
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay

  --- Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sda2

  VG Name               centos

  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

  Allocatable           yes

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              25343

  Free PE               1

  Allocated PE          25342

  PV UUID               00mdqs-YJl2-Oq3k-OlGb-7mbi-iTtz-HJl7cw

  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "366.00 GiB"

  --- NEW Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sda3

  VG Name

  PV Size               366.00 GiB

  Allocatable           NO

  PE Size               0

  Total PE              0

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               6PYry3-VIRi-7DUc-5erS-yCEo-Laxu-ZkoYPo

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        1

  Metadata Sequence No  3

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                2

  Open LV               2

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                1

  Act PV                1

  VG Size               <99.00 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              25343

  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB

  VG UUID               yde5y3-OOS3-UmyT-iHwv-zwJ5-yE63-9ZHI9O
  1. 将新增加的分区 /dev/sda3 加入到根目录分区中，也就是上面的VG Name: centos
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3

  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
  1. 重新查看卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        2

  Metadata Sequence No  4

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                2

  Open LV               2

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                2

  Act PV                2

  VG Size               464.99 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              119038

  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       93696 / 366.00 GiB

  VG UUID               yde5y3-OOS3-UmyT-iHwv-zwJ5-yE63-9ZHI9O
  1. 进行卷扩容
  • 扩容前
[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root   96G  2.0G   94G   3% /

devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot

tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0
  • 进行卷扩容
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root

  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <95.12 GiB (24350 extents) to <461.12 GiB (118046 extents).

  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
  1. 调整卷分区大小
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root

meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6233600 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=24934400, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=12175, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 24934400 to 120879104
  1. 最后，查看磁盘信息可以看出根目录分区大小已成功扩容。
[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root  462G  2.0G  460G   1% /

devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run

tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot

tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0

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