Linux如何查看YUM的安装目录

Linux下如何查看使用YUM安装过的包的安装路径呢？ 在搞清楚这个问题前，我们先来了解一下YUM。 YUM（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，避免了手动安装的麻烦(寻找资源、下载；放到指定目录安装；处理依赖关系并下载依赖关系的包进行安装)。所以用yum安装，实质上是用RPM安装，所以RPM查询信息的指令都可用。

如果使用RPM安装了一些包，一般来说，RPM默认安装路径如下：

Directory	Contents of Directory
/etc	一些配置文件的目录，例如/etc/init.d/mysql
/usr/bin	一些可执行文件
/usr/lib	一些程序使用的动态函数库
/usr/share/doc	一些基本的软件使用手册与帮助文档
/usr/share/man	一些man page文件

以MySQL的安装为例，我们使用RPM方式安装了MySQL的两个包，其实rpm有两个参数-l和-c可以帮助我们查看具体的安装路径。

-l 显示软件包中的文件列表

-c 显示配置文件列表

那么我们可以使用“rpm -ql  包名”来查看具体的安装路径。如下所示：

[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -ql MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/usr/bin/msql2mysql

/usr/bin/mysql

/usr/bin/mysql_config_editor

/usr/bin/mysql_find_rows

/usr/bin/mysql_waitpid

/usr/bin/mysqlaccess

/usr/bin/mysqlaccess.conf

/usr/bin/mysqladmin

/usr/bin/mysqlbinlog

/usr/bin/mysqlcheck

/usr/bin/mysqldump

/usr/bin/mysqlimport

/usr/bin/mysqlshow

/usr/bin/mysqlslap

/usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_config_editor.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz

[root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ql MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/etc/init.d/mysql

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql

/etc/my.cnf

/usr/bin/innochecksum

/usr/bin/my_print_defaults

/usr/bin/myisam_ftdump

/usr/bin/myisamchk

/usr/bin/myisamlog

/usr/bin/myisampack

/usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format

/usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions

/usr/bin/mysql_install_db

/usr/bin/mysql_plugin

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

/usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql

/usr/bin/mysql_upgrade

/usr/bin/mysql_zap

/usr/bin/mysqlbug

/usr/bin/mysqld_multi

/usr/bin/mysqld_safe

/usr/bin/mysqldumpslow

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy

/usr/bin/mysqltest

.....................................................

[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -qc MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql

/etc/my.cnf

[root@DB-Server ~]# 

在MySQL的官方文档，你可以看到RPM包所在的安装目录。我们使用rpm -ql 对比验证了一下，基本都OK，但是很奇怪的是，在上面这个版本中，我没有找到/etc/my.cnf，而是/usr/my.cnf

MySQL 5.6

Directory	Contents of Directory
/usr/bin	Client programs and scripts
/usr/sbin	The mysqld server
/var/lib/mysql	Log files, databases
/var/lib/mysql-files	Value of secure_file_priv
/usr/share/info	MySQL manual in Info format
/usr/share/man	Unix manual pages
/usr/include/mysql	Include (header) files
/usr/lib/mysql	Libraries
/usr/share/mysql	Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
/usr/share/sql-bench	Benchmarks

MySQL 5.7

Files or Resources	Location
Client programs and scripts	/usr/bin
mysqld server	/usr/sbin
Configuration file	/etc/my.cnf
Data directory	/var/lib/mysql
Error log file	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
Value of secure_file_priv	/var/lib/mysql-files
System V init script	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql
Systemd service	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld For SLES: mysql
Pid file	/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid
Socket	/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Keyring directory	/var/lib/mysql-keyring
Unix manual pages	/usr/share/man
Include (header) files	/usr/include/mysql
Libraries	/usr/lib/mysql
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)	/usr/share/mysql

另外一台测试服务器，使用yum安装了mysql-community-server-5.7.18，测试验证发现又是正常。 暂时不清楚这个细节问题。