Git系列①之仓库管理互联网托管平台github.com的使用
互联网项目托管平台github.com的使用
1.安装git客户端
# yum install -y git
配置git全局用户以及邮箱
[root@web01 ~]# git config --global user.name "jack"
[root@web01 ~]# git config --global user.email "reblue520@163.com"
[root@web01 ~]# git config --global color.ui true
2.检测git相关配置
[root@web01 ~]# git config --list
user.name=jack
user.email=reblue520@.com
color.ui=true
创建创建本地工作目录chinasoft，并初始化为git工作目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir chinasoft
[root@web01 ~]# cd chinasoft/
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/chinasoft/.git/
[root@web01 chinasoft]# ll -a
total
drwxr-xr-x root root Jun : .
dr-xr-x---. root root Jun : ..
drwxr-xr-x root root Jun : .git
3.创建index.html文件(模拟代码提交)
[root@web01 chinasoft]# touch index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# echo "1.chinasoft itpart" > index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# index.html
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
4.提示使用git add添加文件至暂存区
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git add index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: index.html
#
5.使用git cmmit提交暂存区文件至git版本仓库 -m:提交描述信息(提交至远程需添加远程仓库)
# 提交
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) c0c2c39] first commit
file changed, insertion(+)
create mode index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean
6.模拟版本的回退功能
添加一个deploy.sh文件
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git add deploy.sh
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: deploy.sh
#
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git commit -m "2th deploy.sh"
[master c4cb609] 2th deploy.sh
file changed, insertions(+)
create mode deploy.sh
再次编辑index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# cat index.html
.chinasoft itpart
.add deploy.sh
# 查看变更历史记录
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git log
commit e18b9e0d4f545bcfb47a2d890f7293057240d5ac
Author: jack <reblue520@.com>
Date: Fri Jun :: + 2th index.html commit c4cb609fde1fd18edc10a032775f2af672abbc13
Author: jack <reblue520@.com>
Date: Fri Jun :: + 2th deploy.sh commit c0c2c393a508d0c59ff2d8934ef3b5055f267edf
Author: jack <reblue520@.com>
Date: Fri Jun :: + first commit
回退到上一个版本，可以看到最近一次index.html添加的内容2.add deploy.sh没有了
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git reset --hard HEAD^
HEAD is now at c4cb609 2th deploy.sh
[root@web01 chinasoft]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# cat deploy.sh
#!/bin/bash echo "deploy system"
[root@web01 chinasoft]# cat index.html
.chinasoft itpart
回退方式2：
git reflog #查看未来历史更新点
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git reflog
c4cb609 HEAD@{}: reset: moving to HEAD^
e18b9e0 HEAD@{}: commit: 2th index.html
c4cb609 HEAD@{}: commit: 2th deploy.sh
c0c2c39 HEAD@{}: commit (initial): first commit
# 直接会退到e18b9e0 commit: 2th index.html这个点，可以看到又到了之前的修改状态
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git reset --hard e18b9e0
HEAD is now at e18b9e0 2th index.html
[root@web01 chinasoft]# cat deploy.sh
#!/bin/bash echo "deploy system"
[root@web01 chinasoft]# cat index.html
.chinasoft itpart
.add deploy.sh
7.项目的推送拉取及其它常用操作
7.1 首先需要在git上使用ssh key创建和github互信使用
①客户端配置生成公钥
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
:3b:d1:1a:da::f4::a4::b3:e9:ad:f7:6c:f8 root@test1_voice_live
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA ]----+
| . |
| = . |
| = o . |
| = + |
| S * o |
| . = O |
| o B. |
| .oo. |
| .. +E |
+-----------------+
②拷贝~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub公钥到远程github.com中，如图
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDPbqNyJ9QUHaYLQ70upsNJ8Z2MrOluedIahdwATM9J46iSpWJmQqMPqTlMbjI2Mr7wV0Vl0CtI8YGRu4MqezYosJyxEgpDIZY9XTFSlnpqC4D/gLNIoI9TZAUJJL/6vKm+9lZjxz3TGTpsQP9vM0cBquWk+7PsvRlTHj4gztHh+G9GCGM3ABkTlY+y+dTZk1DT9i6T0sFh7aCNcZf/zUgdmvi1JQDBkCDQAE2arncYb9x12EYoO5Np4f3RpVVaZ0i6DpIYmFaqZZ6+0XNubyYCdo82uidmc0KPvDFoKF71O0A4Wbz0Fl+yJZUpsmwlRXuBl3SlGZY0c2ffQMNBiO7h root@test1_voice_live
③测试：
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ssh -T git@github.com
The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.255.112)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ::ac:a5:::2d:::1b::4d:eb:df:a6:.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.255.112' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Hi reblue520! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
验证通过后ssh图标会变绿
测试连接git@github.com报错，调试添加参数-v报错如下：
[root@web01 ~]# ssh -T -v git@github.com
OpenSSH_6.6.1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips Feb
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line : Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to github.com [192.168.1.13] port . # 发现是通过192.168.1.13(公司内网DNS)去连接github(内网dns)更换为公网IP服务器问题解决
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: /
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.
debug1: match: OpenSSH_5. pat OpenSSH_5* compat 0x0c000000
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: kex: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 need= dh_need=
debug1: kex: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 need= dh_need=
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(<<) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: RSA d4:8f:d5::9b:4f:1a::::::b7:6d:3e:
debug1: Host 'github.com' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[root@web01 chinasoft]# git remote add origin git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git # git remote rm origin # 删除 [root@web01 chinasoft]# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion =
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
url = git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
7.2 拉取远程仓库
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git pull origin master
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '192.30.255.113' to the list of known hosts.
warning: no common commits
remote: Counting objects: , done.
remote: Compressing objects: % (/), done.
remote: Total (delta ), reused (delta ), pack-reused
Unpacking objects: % (/), done.
From github.com:reblue520/demo
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
.gitignore | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
LICENSE | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
files changed, insertions(+)
create mode .gitignore
create mode LICENSE
7.3 推送到远程仓库，可以看到远程https://github.com/reblue520/demo已经有了我们刚添加的文件
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git push -u origin master
Counting objects: , done.
Delta compression using up to threads.
Compressing objects: % (/), done.
Writing objects: % (/), bytes | bytes/s, done.
Total (delta ), reused (delta )
To git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git
8fbed49..b724d04 master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
7.4 项目的clone
克隆demo项目
[root@test1_voice_live tmp]# git clone git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git
Cloning into 'demo'...
remote: Counting objects: , done.
remote: Compressing objects: % (/), done.
remote: Total (delta ), reused (delta ), pack-reused
Receiving objects: % (/), 5.17 KiB | bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: % (/), done.
[root@test1_voice_live tmp]# cd demo/
[root@test1_voice_live demo]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : LICENSE
7.5 创建分支dev
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git branch dev
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git branch
* dev
master
提交一个dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# vim dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git add dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git commit -m "add dev.txt"
[dev 031e757] add dev.txt
file changed, insertion(+)
create mode dev.txt
切换到master，这时候是没有dev.txt文件的
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : LICENSE
合并到master
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout master
Already on 'master'
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git merge dev
Updating b724d04..031e757
Fast-forward
dev.txt | +
file changed, insertion(+)
create mode dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : dev.txt
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : LICENSE
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git branch
dev
* master
# 删除分支的命令
# git branch -d dev
8.关于文件冲突的模拟和处理
①创建一个分支prod，并编辑文件内容为1233333chinasoft20170624
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout -b prod
Switched to a new branch 'prod'
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# vim dev.txt
1233333chinasoft20170624
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git add dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git commit -m "dev.txt"
[prod 7daacff] dev.txt
file changed, insertion(+), deletion(-)
②切换到master，编辑文件dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# vim dev.txt
55555chinasoft20170624
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git add dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git commit -m "master change"
[master 504c42a] master change
file changed, insertion(+), deletion(-)
③合并，因master和prod对同一个文件修改且内容不同无法合并，需要手动处理
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git merge prod
Auto-merging dev.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in dev.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result. 可以看到冲突的内容
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# cat dev.txt
<<<<<<< HEAD
55555chinasoft20170624
=======
1233333chinasoft20170624
>>>>>>> prod
④手动编辑，再次合并
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# vim dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git add dev.txt
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git commit -m "change"
[master 6bd2922] change
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git merge prod
Already up-to-date.
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# cat dev.txt
1233333chinasoft20170624
9.给项目打标签
切换到master
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout master
Already on 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
确认下是否在master上
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git branch
dev
* master
prod
test
打标签为v1.
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git tag v1.
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git tag
v1.
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git show v1.
commit 6bd2922a7a8e2ed0319505c06f52651acf92df84
Merge: 504c42a 7daacff
Author: jack <reblue520@.com>
Date: Sat Jun :: + change
把标签推送到github上
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git push origin v1.
Counting objects: , done.
Delta compression using up to threads.
Compressing objects: % (/), done.
Writing objects: % (/), bytes | bytes/s, done.
Total (delta ), reused (delta )
remote: Resolving deltas: % (/), completed with local object.
To git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git
* [new tag] v1. -> v1. [root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# vim Help.md
# Help
## git help * spring
* summer
* autumn
* winter > tomcat.war # url
[chinasoft](http://www.chinasoft.com) # image
 # code
while True:
do echo "hello chinasoft"
done [root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git add Help.md
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git commit -m "add Help.md"
[detached HEAD af013e5] add Help.md
file changed, insertions(+)
create mode Help.md
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git push -u origin master
Total (delta ), reused (delta )
To git@github.com:reblue520/demo.git
b724d04..6bd2922 master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
发现没有推送到远程github上
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git branch
* (detached from v1.)
dev
master
prod
test
切换到master
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git checkout master
Warning: you are leaving commit behind, not connected to
any of your branches: af013e5 add Help.md If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time
to do so with: git branch new_branch_name af013e5 Switched to branch 'master'
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : dev.txt
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : LICENSE
查看日志
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git reflog
6bd2922 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from af013e5f58888418b1739dd66873e02d2269a51d to master
af013e5 HEAD@{}: commit: add Help.md
6bd2922 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to v1.
6bd2922 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to master
6bd2922 HEAD@{}: commit (merge): change
504c42a HEAD@{}: commit: master change
8f56f76 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from prod to master
7daacff HEAD@{}: commit: dev.txt
8f56f76 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to prod
8f56f76 HEAD@{}: merge test: Fast-forward
031e757 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to master
031e757 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from test to master
8f56f76 HEAD@{}: commit: change dev.txt test
031e757 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from dev to test
031e757 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to dev
031e757 HEAD@{}: merge dev: Fast-forward
b724d04 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to master
b724d04 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from dev to master
031e757 HEAD@{}: commit: add dev.txt
b724d04 HEAD@{}: checkout: moving from master to dev
b724d04 HEAD@{}: pull origin master: Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
6340b73 HEAD@{}: commit (initial): first deploy shell
恢复到添加Help.md的版本
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# git reset --hard af013e5
HEAD is now at af013e5 add Help.md
[root@test1_voice_live chinasoft]# ll
total
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : deploy.sh
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : dev.txt
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : Help.md
-rw-r--r-- root root Jun : LICENSE
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