Python 之自动获取公网IP

Python 之自动获取公网IP

2017年9月30日

文档下载:https://wenku.baidu.com/view/ff40aef7f021dd36a32d7375a417866fb84ac0fd

0.预备知识

0.1 SQL基础

ubuntu、Debian系列安装:

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#  apt-get install mysql-server 

Redhat、Centos 系列安装：

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install  mysql-server

登录数据库

 pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mysql -uroot -p -hlocalhost
 Enter password:
 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MariaDB connection
 Server version: -MariaDB-+deb8u2 (Raspbian)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 MariaDB [(none)]> 

其中,mysql是客户端命令 -u是指定用户 -p是密码 -h是主机

创建数据库、创建数据表

创建数据库语法如下

 MariaDB [(none)]> help create database
 Name: 'CREATE DATABASE'
 Description:
 Syntax:
 CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
     [create_specification] ...

 create_specification:
     [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
   | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

 CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this
 statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE
 SCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.

 URL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/create-database/

 MariaDB [(none)]> 

创建数据表语法如下

 MariaDB [(none)]> help create table
 Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
 Description:
 Syntax:
 CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
     (create_definition,...)
     [table_options]
     [partition_options]

 Or:

 CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
     [(create_definition,...)]
     [table_options]
     [partition_options]
     select_statement

创建数据库ServiceLogs

 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `ServiceLogs`

创建数据表

 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE TABLE `python_ip_logs` (
   `serial_number` ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `old_data` ) DEFAULT NULL,
   `new_data` ) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`serial_number`)
 ) ENGINE DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 

表内容的查询

 MariaDB [ServiceLogs]> select * from python_ip_logs;
 Empty set (0.00 sec)

0.2 python连接操作MySQL

模块下载安装

下载路径: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python

安装:

 安装:
 解压
 .zip
 进入解压后目录
 cd MySQL-python-/
 安装依赖
 apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
 安装
 python setup.py install
 如果为0则安装OK
 echo $?

连接Mysql

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql_3.py
 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import MySQLdb

 try :
         conn = MySQLdb.connect("主机","用户名","密码","ServiceLogs")
         print ("Connect Mysql successful")
 except:
         print ("Connect MySQL Fail")
 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 

如果输出Connect Mysql successful则说明连接OK

Python MySQL insert语句

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql1.py
 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import MySQLdb

 db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","root","ServiceLogs")

 cursor = db.cursor()

 sql = "insert INTO python_ip_logs VALUES (DEFAULT,'2017-09-29 22:46:00','123','456')"

 cursor.execute(sql)
 db.commit()

 db.close()
 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 

执行完成后可以mysql客户端SELECT语句查看结果

1.需求

1.1 需求

由于宽带每次重启都会重新获得一个新的IP，那么在这种状态下，在进行ssh连接的时候会出现诸多的不便，好在之前还有花生壳软件，它能够通过域名来找到你的IP地址，进行访问，这样是最好的，不过最近花生壳也要进行实名认证才能够使用，于是乎，这就催发了我写一个python脚本来获取公网IP的冲动。

实现效果:当IP变更时，能够通过邮件进行通知，且在数据库中写入数据

1.2 大致思路

1.3 流程图

其他代码均没有什么好画的

2.代码编写

2.1.1 编写python代码

getnetworkip.py

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat getnetworkip.py
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # coding:UTF-8

 import requests
 import send_mail
 import savedb

 def get_out_ip() :
         url = r'http://www.trackip.net/'
         r = requests.get(url)
         txt = r.text
         ip = txt[txt.find('title')+6:txt.find('/title')-1]
         return (ip)

 def main() :
         try:
                 savedb.general_files()

                 tip = get_out_ip()
                 cip = savedb.read_files()

                 if savedb.write_files(cip,tip) :
                         send_mail.SamMail(get_out_ip())
         except :
                 return False

 if __name__=="__main__" :
         main()
 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 

savedb.py

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat savedb.py
 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import MySQLdb
 import os
 import time

 dirname = "logs"
 filename = "logs/.ip_tmp"

 def general_files(Default_String="Null") :

         var1 = Default_String

         if not os.path.exists(dirname) :
                 os.makedirs(dirname)

         if not os.path.exists(filename) :
                 f = open(filename,'w')
                 f.write(var1)
                 f.close()

 def read_files() :
         f = open(filename,'r')
         txt = f.readline()
         return (txt)

 def write_files(txt,new_ip) :
         if not txt == new_ip :
                 NowTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
                 old_ip = read_files()
                 os.remove(filename)
                 general_files(new_ip)
                 write_db(NowTime,old_ip,new_ip)
                 return True
         else:
                 return False

 def write_db(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip) :
         db = MySQLdb.connect("主机","用户名","密码","库名")

         cursor = db.cursor()

         sql = """
                 INSERT INTO python_ip_logs
                 VALUES
                 (DEFAULT,"%s","%s","%s")
         """ %(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip)

         try:
                 cursor.execute(sql)
                 db.commit()
         except:
                 db.rollback()

         db.close()
 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 

send_mail.py

 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat send_mail.py
 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import smtplib
 import email.mime.text

 def SamMail(HtmlString) :
     HOST = "smtp.163.com"
     SUBJECT = "主题"
     TO = "对方的邮箱地址"
     FROM = "来自于哪里"
     Remask = "The IP address has been changed"

     msg = email.mime.text.MIMEText("""
         <html>
                 <head>
                         <meta charset="utf-8" />
                 </head>
                 <body>
                         <em><h1>ip:%s</h1></em>
                 </body>
         </html>
         """ %(HtmlString),"html","utf-8")

     msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
     msg['From'] = FROM
     msg['TO'] = TO

     try:
         server = smtplib.SMTP()
         server.connect(HOST,')
         server.starttls()
         server.login("用户名","密码")
         server.sendmail(FROM,TO,msg.as_string())
         server.quit()
     except:
         print ("Send mail Error")
 root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#
     print ("%s" %(line),end='')

3.效果

收到的邮件如下:

利用SELECT查看表,效果如下:

把脚本放入crontab中，让它执行定时任务即可