[HTML5]如何使用移动设备的方向定位器
HTML5 Rocks
Show navigation Table of Contents
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Which end is up?
- The events
- Using the DeviceOrientation events
- Using the DeviceMotion events
- Additional resources
Localizations:
This End Up: Using Device Orientation
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Which end is up?
- The events
- Using the DeviceOrientation events
- Using the DeviceMotion events
- Additional resources
Localizations
Introduction
Many new computers, mobile phones and other devices are now shipping standard with accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses and other hardware designed to determine capture motion and orientation data. At the same time, web browsers are providing increasingly more access to that new hardware. One example of that are the new HTML5 DeviceOrientation and DeviceMotion events. These events provide developers with information about the orientation, motion and acceleration of the device.
Today, all modern mobile browsers support device orientation, and most support device motion, with Chrome for Android and Opera being the holdouts. Thankfully they're working on it and we should see it soon. Note, if you need to support older versions of Firefox, it has an implementation using a slightly different event model.
These events have a lot of fun uses, such as using orientation to control the direction of character in a game, or motion to determine how high a character should jump. Additionally, you can use these events beyond gaming. When used with GeoLocation, you can create a more accurate turn-by-turn navigation system.
In this article, we’ll take a look at the two different events, and use CSS to rotate an image based on the orientation of the device.
Which end is up?
There are a couple of things that we need to make sure we understand before we can start using these events, which end is up and what are the axes we’re going to use?
Device Orientation Data
To answer this question, we need to align our device with the local earth frame. To do that, take your device, and put it on flat, level surface with the top of the device pointing directly north. To do this with a phone, turn around until you are facing north, and place the phone on a flat table, with the bottom of the phone closest to you and the top pointed north. For a laptop, the situation is similar, except the screen is open at a 90° angle, facing you and the keyboard in-line with the surface.
Phone is in its normal position, on a flat on a surface, with the screen facing up, the top of the phone pointed directly north and the bottom of the phone is closest to you. The X, Y and Z values increase as you move to the right, forward or up respectively.
Device Motion Data
Acceleration data is returned as a coordinate frame with three axes, x, y and z. The x-axis runs side-to-side across the mobile phone screen, or the laptop keyboard and is positive towards the right side. The y-axis runs front-to-back across the mobile phone screen or the laptop keyboard and is positive towards as it moves away from you. The z-axis comes straight up out of the mobile phone screen or the laptop keyboard and is positive as it moves up.
The phone is rotated on the Y-Axis by gamma degrees.
The rotation data uses Euler angles to represent the difference between the device in it’s normal position and it’s current position. With the HTML5 device orientation events, the data is returned as the number of degrees different from normal. An easier way to think about it is how much the device is tilted front-to-back, is referred to as beta. How much its tilted side-to-side, is known as gamma. And finally how much has it been rotated around the z-axis, is known as alpha.
One thing to keep in mind is that most people don’t use their phones when they’re in this flat position, and instead have rotated them around the x-axis so the screen is facing them, this will affect the acceleration data that is returned from the device motion events.
Differences in Browsers
As mentioned earlier, alpha, beta and gamma are determined based on the position the device is with the local earth frame. For most browsers, alpha returns the compass heading, so when the device is pointed north, alpha is zero. With Mobile Safari, alpha is based on the direction the device was pointing when device orientation was first requested. The compass heading is available in the webkitCompassHeading parameter.
The events
Device orientation
The device orientation event returns only the rotation data, which includes how much the device is leaning front-to-back (beta), side-to-side (gamma) and if the phone or laptop has a compass, the direction the device is facing (alpha).
Let’s see a couple examples:
You are looking down at a phone that is lying on a flat, horizontal surface, with north at the top of the frame.
{evt.alpha: 0, evt.beta: 0, evt.gamma: 0}
You are looking down at a phone that is lying on a flat, horizontal surface, with north at the top of the frame. The phone has been rotated by 180° so it is pointing south.
{evt.alpha: 180, evt.beta: 0, evt.gamma: 0}
You are looking down at a device that does not have a compass built in, it is pointed west and tilted up by 45° with the left side of the phone higer than the right.
{evt.alpha: null, evt.beta: 0, evt.gamma: 45}
You are looking down at a phone that is pointed north and tilted up by 45° with the top of the phone higer than the bottom.
{evt.alpha: 0, evt.beta: 45, evt.gamma: 0}
Device motion
The device motion event is a superset of the device orientation event; it returns data about the rotation information and alsoacceleration information about the device. The acceleration data is returned in three axes: x, y and z. They are measured inmeters per second squared (m/s^2). Because some devices might not have the hardware to exclude the effect of gravity, the event returns two properties, accelerationIncludingGravity and acceleration, which excludes the effects of gravity, (when this is the case, the acceleration data will be null).
A laptop in its normal position, with the screen facing up, the data returned would be:
Not accelerating Accelerating up Accelerating forward Accelerating right Accelerating up & to the right
acceleration | {0, 0, 0} | {0, 0, 5} | {0, 2, 0} | {3, 0, 0} | {5, 0, 5} |
accelerationIncludingGravity | {0, 0, 9.81} | {0, 0, 14.81} | {0, 2, 9.81} | {3, 0, 9.81} | {5, 0, 14.81} |
A mobile phone rotated along the x-axis so the screen is perpendicular to it’s normal position would return:
Not accelerating Accelerating up Accelerating forward Accelerating right Accelerating up & to the right
acceleration | {0, 0, 0} | {0, 5, 0} | {0, 0, 2} | {3, 0, 0} | {5, 5, 0} |
accelerationIncludingGravity | {0, 9.81, 0} | {0, 14.81, 0} | {0, 9.81, 2} | {3, 9.81, 0} | {5, 14.81, 0} |
Using the DeviceOrientation events
1. Check for compatibility
Check to see if DeviceOrientationEvent supported.
if (window.DeviceOrientationEvent) {
console.log("DeviceOrientation is supported");
}
One thing to note, some devices (for example, the original iPad) say that they support the event when in fact they don’t. In these cases, the event is fired only once, and all of the properties are null.
2. Declare the markup
For this example, we’re going to display the orientation data and then apply that information as a CSS3 transform to an image.
<div class="main">
<h2>Device Orientation</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Event Supported</td>
<td id="doEvent"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tilt Left/Right [gamma]</td>
<td id="doTiltLR"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tilt Front/Back [beta]</td>
<td id="doTiltFB"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Direction [alpha]</td>
<td id="doDirection"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div> <div class="container" >
<img src="html5_logo.png" id="imgLogo" class="logo">
</div>
3. Add an event listener
Now that we know what events are supported, add the appropriate event listeners:
if (window.DeviceOrientationEvent) {
// Listen for the event and handle DeviceOrientationEvent object
window.addEventListener('deviceorientation', devOrientHandler, false);
}
4. Handle the event
The HTML5 DeviceOrientation event returns three pieces of data:
- alpha the direction the device is facing according to the compass
- beta the angle in degrees the device is tilted front-to-back
- gamma the angle in degrees the device is tilted left-to-right.
The angles values increase as you tilt the device to the right or towards you.
if (window.DeviceOrientationEvent) {
document.getElementById("doEvent").innerHTML = "DeviceOrientation";
// Listen for the deviceorientation event and handle the raw data
window.addEventListener('deviceorientation', function(eventData) {
// gamma is the left-to-right tilt in degrees, where right is positive
var tiltLR = eventData.gamma; // beta is the front-to-back tilt in degrees, where front is positive
var tiltFB = eventData.beta; // alpha is the compass direction the device is facing in degrees
var dir = eventData.alpha // call our orientation event handler
deviceOrientationHandler(tiltLR, tiltFB, dir);
}, false);
} else {
document.getElementById("doEvent").innerHTML = "Not supported."
}
5. Respond to the data
We’ll display it in the table we created in step 2, and also add rotate the image using a CSS3 transform.
document.getElementById("doTiltLR").innerHTML = Math.round(tiltLR);
document.getElementById("doTiltFB").innerHTML = Math.round(tiltFB);
document.getElementById("doDirection").innerHTML = Math.round(dir); // Apply the transform to the image
var logo = document.getElementById("imgLogo");
logo.style.webkitTransform =
"rotate("+ tiltLR +"deg) rotate3d(1,0,0, "+ (tiltFB*-1)+"deg)";
logo.style.MozTransform = "rotate("+ tiltLR +"deg)";
logo.style.transform =
"rotate("+ tiltLR +"deg) rotate3d(1,0,0, "+ (tiltFB*-1)+"deg)";
The final product
Try it out, and view the source to see it in action.
Using the DeviceMotion events
The DeviceMotionEvent provides the acceleration and rotation data of the device. In our example, we’re going to use accelerationIncludingGravity to determine the orientation of the device and get a similar result to the sample we built with DeviceOrientation.
1. Check for compatibility
First thing we want to do is determine if the DeviceMotionEvent is supported using feature detection.
if (window.DeviceMotionEvent) {
console.log("DeviceMotionEvent supported");
}
Like DeviceOrientationEvent, if a browser cannot provide motion information, the event will be fired once and all properties will be null.
2. Add an event listener
Now that we know that the browser and device supports the DeviceMotionEvent, we can add an event listener.
if ((window.DeviceMotionEvent) {
window.addEventListener('devicemotion', deviceMotionHandler, false);
} else {
document.getElementById("dmEvent").innerHTML = "Not supported."
}
3. Declare the markup
For this example, we’re just going to display data that we receive.
<div class="main">
<h2>Device Motion</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Event Supported</td>
<td id="dmEvent"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>acceleration</td>
<td id="moAccel"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>accelerationIncludingGravity</td>
<td id="moAccelGrav"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rotationRate</td>
<td id="moRotation"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>interval</td>
<td id="moInterval"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
4. Create an event handler
We want to display the raw data that we get back.
function deviceMotionHandler(eventData) {
var info, xyz = "[X, Y, Z]"; // Grab the acceleration from the results
var acceleration = eventData.acceleration;
info = xyz.replace("X", acceleration.x);
info = info.replace("Y", acceleration.y);
info = info.replace("Z", acceleration.z);
document.getElementById("moAccel").innerHTML = info; // Grab the acceleration including gravity from the results
acceleration = eventData.accelerationIncludingGravity;
info = xyz.replace("X", acceleration.x);
info = info.replace("Y", acceleration.y);
info = info.replace("Z", acceleration.z);
document.getElementById("moAccelGrav").innerHTML = info; // Grab the rotation rate from the results
var rotation = eventData.rotationRate;
info = xyz.replace("X", rotation.alpha);
info = info.replace("Y", rotation.beta);
info = info.replace("Z", rotation.gamma);
document.getElementById("moRotation").innerHTML = info; // // Grab the refresh interval from the results
info = eventData.interval;
document.getElementById("moInterval").innerHTML = info;
}
The final product
When you load the page and move the device around, you should see the values change as the device moves through space and is affected by acceleration.
Try it out, and view the source to see it in action.
Additional resources
Here are a few other resources and demos you can check out that use the HTML5 device orientation or device motion events.
Physics
The Specs
- W3C Device Orientation Event Specification
- Mozilla DOM Orientation Event
- Mozilla Processing Orientation Events
Neat Demos
Pong An experiment to try out device orientation in gaming.
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.
Next steps
Share
Subscribe
Enjoyed this article? Grab the RSS feed and stay up-to-date.
Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.
[HTML5]如何使用移动设备的方向定位器的更多相关文章
- ios获取设备手持方向——电子罗盘
转:http://book.51cto.com/art/201411/457105.htm 2014-11-15 19:07 张亚飞/崔巍 中国铁道出版社 字号:T | T 综合评级: 想读() 在 ...
- 获取Android设备的方向,Sensor和SensorManager实现手机旋转角度
http://www.jcodecraeer.com/a/anzhuokaifa/androidkaifa/2012/1009/425.html 带有g-sensor的Android设备上可通过API ...
- 基于HTML5的Web跨设备超声波通信方案
前言:Chirp在iPhone上掀起了有声传输文件的序幕,我们再也不需要彩信.蓝牙配对.IM来传送数据.它通过“叽叽喳喳”的小鸟叫声来分享数据,简单有趣,而且可以快速的实现一对多的分享. 此外支付宝曾 ...
- 基于HTML5 的WebSql本地设备数据库
HTML5 的 Web SQL Database 用本地和会话存储实现简单的对象持久化,对繁琐的关系数据进行处理. 在 W3C 的 Web SQL Database 规范中(参照 介绍)有这样的描述: ...
- HTML5开发之获取设备的地理坐标
近期一段时间開始学一下html5,发现里面有好多的知识还是蛮新颖的.所以整理了一下自己练习过的demo给大家分享下,以下的代码是通过js接口获取当前的地理坐标. <!doctype html&g ...
- IT兄弟连 HTML5教程 在移动设备上设置原始大小显示
在iPhone系列和iPod Touch中使用的是Safari浏览器,它支持前面介绍的媒体查询表达式.例如,使用iPhone 320px×480px的分辨率去访问我们前面的布局示例,却无法得到我们想看 ...
- [device-orientation] 使用手机设备的方向感应实现图片选择
<div class="main"> <h2>Device Orientation</h2> <table> <tbody&g ...
- JS侦测设备旋转方向
window.onload = window.onresize = function initialLoad(){updateOrientation();} function updateOrient ...
- javascript检查移动设备是否支持重力方向感应
javascript如何检查移动设备,如手机平台是否支持重力或者方向感应. 可以使用html5提供的重力和方向感应接口来判断. html5 中针对高端手机提供了重力感应和重力加速的接口,开发可以利用这 ...
随机推荐
- Linux命令大全完整版
1. linux系统管理命令 adduser 功能说明:新增用户帐号.语 法:adduser补充说明:在Slackware中,adduser指令是个script程序,利用交谈的方式取得输入的用户帐 ...
- python 截取某一天的日志,简单操作
#!/usr/bin/python #Filename: Segmentation_log.py import re,sys def openfile(*args): try: f=open(args ...
- @1-2初识Python爬虫
初识Python爬虫 Python爬虫(入门+进阶) DC学院 环境搭建: Python2与Python3的差异:python2与python3整体差异不大,大多是一些语法上的区别,考虑到py ...
- EasyUITree设置节点选中
function callback1(){ reloadMind(); LoadTree0($("); setTimeout(function(){ var node = $('#tt1') ...
- UD系统主定制界面
- python程序保存成二进制(不公开源码)
https://www.tiobe.com/ (python语言排行榜) pip install pyinstaller pyinstaller test.py ./test
- gunicorn配置文件
最近使用gunicorn部署,感觉用命令参数方式启动比较繁琐,而且有时候就忘了以前怎么设置的了.一笑... 上stackoverflow查了查,找到了一个官方示例,在这里. 官方解释在这里. 记在这里 ...
- 【WebService】使用JDK开发WebService(二)
WebService的开发手段 1.使用JDK开发(1.6及以上版本) 2.使用CXF框架开发(工作中) WebService的组成 1.服务器端 2.客户端 使用JDK开发WebService a. ...
- spring学习 十四 注解AOP 通知传递参数
我们在对切点进行增强时,不建议对切点进行任何修改,因此不加以使用@PointCut注解打在切点上,尽量只在Advice上打注解(Before,After等),如果要在通知中接受切点的参数,可以使用Jo ...
- Java ClassLoad详解
Java ClassLoad详解 类加载器是 Java 语言的一个创新,也是 Java 语言流行的重要原因之一.它使得 Java 类可以被动态加载到 Java 虚拟机中并执行.类加载器从 JDK 1. ...