Sqlserver中PIVOT行转列透视操作

创建表：

IF OBJECT_ID('T040_PRODUCT_SALES') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE T040_PRODUCT_SALES
create table T040_PRODUCT_SALES
(
 ID INT IDENTITY(1,1),
   ProductName VARCHAR(20),
   SaleMonth INT,
   SalesCount INT
)

插入数据并排序：

INSERT INTO T040_PRODUCT_SALES VALUES
('Bicycle',1,1),
('Shoes',2,2),
('Clothes',3,3),
('Books',4,4),
('Medicine',5,5),
('Drinks',6,6),
('Shoes',7,7),
('Books',1,2),
('Bicycle',1,3),
('Medicine',1,4),
('Clothes',1,5),
('Mobile Phone',1,6),
('Books',1,7),
('Medicine',1,8),
('Shoes',1,9),
('Bicycle',2,10)
SELECT ProductName,
    SaleMonth,
    SUM(SalesCount) AS SalesCount
FROM T040_PRODUCT_SALES
GROUP BY ProductName,
   SaleMonth
ORDER BY ProductName,
      SaleMonth

格式：

/****
SELECT 非透视列,
             [透视列 1] AS '列名1',
             [透视列 2] AS '列名2',
             [透视列 3] AS '列名3'
FROM (
        -- 源数据
        SELECT 非透视列,
               透视列值的来源列,
               需要聚合的值
        FROM 表
     )AS 别名
PIVOT
     (
        SUM(需要聚合的值)
        FOR 透视列值的来源列 IN ([透视列 1]，[透视列 2]，[透视列 3])
     )AS 别名
****/

行转列的代码：

select ProductName,
    ISNULL([1],0) AS '1',
    ISNULL([2],0) AS '2',
    ISNULL([3],0) AS '3',
    ISNULL([4],0) AS '4',
    ISNULL([5],0) AS '5',
    ISNULL([6],0) AS '6'  from (
	select ProductName,
     SaleMonth,
     SalesCount from T040_PRODUCT_SALES)
	 as Sales
	 pivot
	 (
	 SUM(SalesCount)
 FOR SaleMonth IN([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6])
	 ) as   PIVOTBL

结果：

通过其他方式实现：

IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[TestRows2Columns]') AND type in (N'U'))
DROP TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [UserName] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Subject] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Source] [numeric](18, 0) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

INSERT INTO [TestRows2Columns] ([UserName],[Subject],[Source])
    SELECT N'张三',N'语文',60  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'李四',N'数学',70  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'王五',N'英语',80  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'王五',N'数学',75  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'王五',N'语文',57  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'李四',N'语文',80  UNION ALL
    SELECT N'张三',N'英语',100

实现方式：

--1：静态拼接行转列
	SELECT [UserName],
	SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '数学' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[数学]',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '英语' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[英语]',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '语文' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[语文]'
	 FROM
	[TestRows2Columns]
	GROUP BY [UserName]

--2.动态拼接
	DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(8000)
	SET @sql='SELECT [UserName],'
	--它只用于给输入的字符串加一对方括号，并返回新形成的字符串
	SELECT @sql=@sql+ 'SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '''+[Subject]+''' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '''+QUOTENAME([Subject])+''','
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT [Subject] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) AS a
SELECT @sql = LEFT(@sql,LEN(@sql)-1) + ' FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [UserName]'
PRINT(@sql)
EXEC(@sql)

--3：静态PIVOT行转列
SELECT  *
FROM    ( SELECT    [UserName] ,
                    [Subject] ,
                    [Source]
          FROM      [TestRows2Columns]
        ) p PIVOT
( SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( [数学],[英语],[语文] ) ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName];

--4：动态PIVOT行转列
DECLARE @sql_str VARCHAR(8000)
DECLARE @sql_col VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT @sql_col = ISNULL(@sql_col + ',','') + QUOTENAME([Subject]) FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [Subject]
SET @sql_str = '
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT [UserName],[Subject],[Source] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) p PIVOT
    (SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName]'
PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)

--5.参数化
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = 'TestRows2Columns'
SET @groupColumn = 'UserName'
SET @row2column = 'Subject'
SET @row2columnValue = 'Source'

--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + '','','''') + QUOTENAME(['+@row2column+'])
    FROM ['+@tableName+'] GROUP BY ['+@row2column+']'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col

SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT ['+@groupColumn+'],['+@row2column+'],['+@row2columnValue+'] FROM ['+@tableName+']) p PIVOT
    (SUM(['+@row2columnValue+']) FOR ['+@row2column+'] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.['+@groupColumn+']'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)

--6：带条件查询的参数化动态PIVOT行转列
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_where NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = 'TestRows2Columns'
SET @groupColumn = 'UserName'
SET @row2column = 'Subject'
SET @row2columnValue = 'Source'
SET @sql_where = 'WHERE UserName = ''王五'''

--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + '','','''') + QUOTENAME(['+@row2column+'])
    FROM ['+@tableName+'] '+@sql_where+' GROUP BY ['+@row2column+']'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col

SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT ['+@groupColumn+'],['+@row2column+'],['+@row2columnValue+'] FROM ['+@tableName+']'+@sql_where+') p PIVOT
    (SUM(['+@row2columnValue+']) FOR ['+@row2column+'] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.['+@groupColumn+']'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)