1、校验字段功能

1、reg页面准备

models

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    useranme = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=32)

生成数据表

C:\PycharmProjects\formsdemo>python manage.py makemigrations

C:\PycharmProjects\formsdemo>python manage.py migrate

主url

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path, re_path, include

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    re_path(r'^', include(('app01.urls', 'app01')))

]

url

from django.urls import path, re_path, include

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'reg/$', views.reg, name='reg'),

]

模板层

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="user"></p>

    <p>密码   <input type="password" name="pwd"></p>

    <p>确认密码 <input type="password" name="_pwd"></p>

    <p>邮箱   <input type="text" name="email"></p>

    <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>

    <input type="submit" value="注册">

</form>

</body>

</html>

view

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def reg(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        print(request.POST)

        return HttpResponse('注册成功')

    return render(request, 'reg.html')

<QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['5EwZsUEKRVj836bplmS03PVruttZhG'], 'user': ['alex'], 'pwd': ['123'], '_pwd': ['123'], 'email': ['123@qq.com'], 'tel': ['1234566778']}>

　　

2、定义规则

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)

    email = forms.EmailField()

3、form.is_valid()

reg视图代码

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)

    email = forms.EmailField()

def reg(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        # 1.form.is_valid()  是否通过验证

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'email': '123@qq.com'})

        print(form.is_valid())      # True  返回布尔值

        form = UserForm({'name': 'a', 'email': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'age': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # True

        #

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'xxx': '123@qq.com'})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        form = UserForm({'name': 'a', 'email': '', 'xxx': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        if form.is_valid():

            pass

        else:

            pass

        """

        forms组件只会校验定义过的字段，

            定义的data，必须满足条件且存在  True

            多余的字段，不影响

        """

        return HttpResponse('注册成功')

    return render(request, 'reg.html')

4、form.cleaned_data：清洗过的数据   form.errors：报错信息

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)

    email = forms.EmailField()

def reg(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        # 1.form.is_valid()  是否通过验证

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'email': '123@qq.com'})

        print(form.is_valid())      # True  返回布尔值

        form = UserForm({'name': 'a', 'email': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'age': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # True

        #

        form = UserForm({'name': 'alex', 'xxx': '123@qq.com'})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        form = UserForm({'name': 'a', 'email': '', 'xxx': ''})

        print(form.is_valid())      # False

        # 2. form.cleaned_data

        #    form.errors

        if form.is_valid():

            print('cleaned_data1:', form.cleaned_data)

            print('errors1:', form.errors)

        else:

            print('cleaned_data2:', form.cleaned_data)

            print('errors2:', form.errors)

            # 取出error——msg

            print(form.errors.get("name"))

            print(type(form.errors.get("name")))  # ErrorList

            print(form.errors.get("name")[0])     # Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 1).

        """

        if 所有字段校验成功，则

            form.cleaned_data：  {'name': 'alex', 'email': '123@qq.com'}  只保留定义过的字段

            form.errors： 空

        if 校验不成功，则

            form.cleaned_data：{'name': 'alex'}  只保留定义过的字段，

            form.errors：    <li>email<ul class="errorlist">  定义过的字段，未通过的信息

            （cleaned_data + errors 之和，必定是定义过的所有字段）

        """

        return HttpResponse('注册成功')

    return render(request, 'reg.html')

（1）验证通过

验证字段

（2）验证不通过

　　示例1：验证字段

　　示例2：验证字段

5、取出 forms.error错误信息

6、完整演示代码

url

from django.urls import path, re_path, include

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'reg_test/$', views.reg_test, name='reg_test'),

]

view

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)

    _pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)

    email = forms.EmailField()

    tel = forms.CharField()

def reg_test(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        form = UserForm(request.POST)   # from表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

        print(form)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)

            return HttpResponse("注册成功")

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)                # {'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': 'a3456789'}

            print(form.errors)                      # <ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>This fie

            print(type(form.errors))                # ErrorList

            print(form.errors.get('name'))          # <ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>

            print(type(form.errors.get('name')))    # ErrorList

            print(form.errors.get('name')[0])       # This field is required.

            return HttpResponse("注册失败")

    return render(request, 'reg.html')

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="user"></p>

    <p>密码 <input type="password" name="pwd"></p>

    <p>确认密码 <input type="password" name="_pwd"></p>

    <p>邮箱 <input type="text" name="email"></p>

    <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>

    <input type="submit" value="注册">

</form>

</body>

</html>

注意点：

from表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="name" maxlength="10" minlength="4" required id="id_name" /></td></tr>

<tr><th><label for="id_pwd">Pwd:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul><input type="text" name="pwd" value="123" minlength="4" required id="id_pwd" /></td></tr>

<tr><th><label for="id__pwd"> pwd:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul><input type="text" name="_pwd" value="123" minlength="4" required id="id__pwd" /></td></tr>

<tr><th><label for="id_email">Email:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="email" value="123@qq.com" required id="id_email" /></td></tr>

<tr><th><label for="id_tel">Tel:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="tel" value="a3456789" required id="id_tel" /></td></tr>

UserForm(request.POST)

2、forms组件的渲染标签功能

1、方式1： 用户名 {{ form.name }}

views

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)

    email = forms.EmailField()

    tel = forms.CharField()

def reg_html(request):

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

reg.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }}</p>

    <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }}</p>

    <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }}</p>

    <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }}</p>

    <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }}</p>

    <input type="submit" value="注册">

</form>

</body>

</html>

原生标签与渲染标签的区别

 

2、方式2：推荐

views视图

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10, label="用户名")

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码")

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码")

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱")

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话")

def reg_html(request):

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>forms组件渲染方式2：推荐</h3>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}

        <p><label for="">{{ field.label }}:</label>{{ field }}</p>

    {% endfor %}

</form>

</body>

</html>

3、方式3： {{ form.as_p }}  不灵活

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>forms组件渲染方式3 </h3>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

    <hr>

    {{ form.as_ul }}

    <hr>

    {{ form.as_table }}

</form>

</body>

</html>

3、显示error与重置输入信息功能

views视图

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django import forms   # 导入forms组件

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10, label="用户名")

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码")

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码")

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱")

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话")

def reg_html(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)        # 所有感觉的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)

            print(form.errors)               # ErrorDict: {"校验错误的字段"：["错误信息"]}

            print(form.errors.get('name'))   # ErrorList {'错误信息',}

            return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

html

novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

{#  novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证#}

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p>

    <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

    <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

    <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

    <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

    <input type="submit" value="注册">

</form>

</body>

</html>

4、forms组件的参数配置

forms组件 代码

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django import forms  # 导入forms组件

from django.forms import widgets   # HTML Widget classes

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                           max_length=10,

                           label="用户名",

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},

                           # widget=widgets.TextInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),  # html控件添加样式

                           )

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                          label="密码",

                          # widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                          )

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                            label="确认密码",

                            error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                            )

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",

                             error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'},

                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                             )

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话",

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空 '},

                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                          )

def reg_html(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)  # 所有清洗的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)

            print(form.errors)  # ErrorDict: {"校验错误的字段"：["错误信息"]}

            print(form.errors.get('name'))  # ErrorList {'错误信息',}

            return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

加入bootstrap后的 html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"

          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <style type="text/css">

        span{

            color: red;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

            {#  novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证#}

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}

                <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <input type="submit" value="注册">

            </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

5、forms组件的局部钩子

1、ValidationError：验证错误

models

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

    tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)

froms组件，如何进行验证错误？

from app01.models import UserInfo       # 导入user表

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError  # 导入验证错误

from django import forms  # 导入forms组件

from django.forms import widgets   # HTML Widget classes

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                           max_length=10,

                           label="用户名",

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},

                           # widget=widgets.TextInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),  # html控件添加样式

                           )

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                          label="密码",

                          # widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                          )

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                            label="确认密码",

                            error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                            )

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",

                             error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'},

                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                             )

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话",

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空 '},

                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                          )

    # 验证用户名

    def clean_name(self):

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")     # 获取清洗后的字段中的name

        ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)  # 数据库中的user

        if not ret:

            return ret

        else:

            raise ValidationError('该用户已经注册')    # 验证错误

forms组件源码

vies视图中

def reg_html(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)  # 所有清洗的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)

            print(form.errors)  # ErrorDict: {"校验错误的字段"：["错误信息"]}

            print(form.errors.get('name'))  # ErrorList {'错误信息',}

            return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

模板层：不变

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"

          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <style type="text/css">

        span{

            color: red;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

            {#  novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证#}

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}

                <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <input type="submit" value="注册">

            </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

2、校验方法：clean_name 源码

_clean_fields 方法的源码
    def _clean_fields(self):

        for name, field in self.fields.items():     # {"name": name规则对象，"pwd": pwd规则对象...}

            # value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.

            # Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some

            # widgets split data over several HTML fields.

            if field.disabled:

                value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)

            else:

                value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name))

            try:

                if isinstance(field, FileField):

                    initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)

                    value = field.clean(value, initial)

                else:

                    value = field.clean(value)      # 按照规则对象校验传递进来的数据

                self.cleaned_data[name] = value

                if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name):

                    value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)()

                    self.cleaned_data[name] = value         # 执行 def clean_name(self):

            except ValidationError as e:

                self.add_error(name, e)

3、局部钩子函数如何校验

1、forms代码：校验name，tel

from app01.models import UserInfo       # 导入user表

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError  # 导入验证错误

from django import forms  # 导入forms组件

from django.forms import widgets   # HTML Widget classes

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                           max_length=10,

                           label="用户名",

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},

                           # widget=widgets.TextInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),  # html控件添加样式

                           )

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                          label="密码",

                          # widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                          )

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                            label="确认密码",

                            error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                            )

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",

                             error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'},

                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                             )

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话",

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空 '},

                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                          )

    # 验证用户名

    def clean_name(self):

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")     # 获取清洗后的字段中的name

        ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)  # 数据库中的user

        if not ret:

            return ret

        else:

            raise ValidationError('该用户已经注册')    # 验证错误

    # 验证手机号

    def clean_tel(self):

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val) == 11:

            return val

        else:

            raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

示例1：校验错误

示例2：校验正确

4、全局钩子校验

1、全局钩子clean 源码剖析

2、直接覆盖父类的clean方法，全局钩子

froms组件继承的是BaseFrom类，所以可以直接覆盖父类的clean方法，进行全局钩子校验

views视图

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from app01.models import UserInfo       # 导入user表

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError  # 导入验证错误

from django import forms  # 导入forms组件

from django.forms import widgets   # HTML Widget classes

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                           max_length=10,

                           label="用户名",

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},

                           # widget=widgets.TextInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),  # html控件添加样式

                           )

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                          label="密码",

                          # widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                          )

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                            label="确认密码",

                            error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                            )

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",

                             error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'},

                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                             )

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话",

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空 '},

                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                          )

# 直接覆盖父类的clean方法， 全局钩子

    def clean(self):

        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")

        r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        if pwd == r_pwd:

            return self.cleaned_data

        else:

            raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")

def reg_html(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)   # {"name": "alex", "pwd": "123",...}

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)        # # 所有清洗的字段以及对应的值

            print(form.errors)              # ErrorDict: {"校验错误的字段"：["错误信息"]}

            print(form.errors.get('name'))  # ErrorList {'错误信息',}

            # 获取全局钩子的error

            print("error:", form.errors.get("__all__")[0])

            errors = form.errors.get("__all__")

            return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"

          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <style type="text/css">

        span{

            color: red;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

            {#  novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证#}

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}

                <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

{#                <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>  局部钩子错误#}

                <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <input type="submit" value="注册">

            </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

重点

# 接收全局钩子error   errors.0

# bootstarp样式   <span class="pull-right error">

<p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span></p>

5、密码，确认密码，顺序

# 每个字段校验完，在走全局方法

 比如，先判断密码是否正确，符合规则再判断，两次密码是否一致

　　

如果没有pwd传入进来的话，

    # 直接覆盖父类的clean方法， 全局钩子

    def clean(self):

        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")

        r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        # 先判断是否接受到pwd，r_pwd的值

        if pwd and r_pwd:

            if pwd == r_pwd:

                return self.cleaned_data

            else:

                raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")

        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

6、form.is_valid 调用源码

form.is_valid

def is_valid(self):

    """Return True if the form has no errors, or False otherwise."""

    return self.is_bound and not self.errors

def errors(self):

    """Return an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form."""

    if self._errors is None:

        self.full_clean()

    return self._errors

def full_clean(self):

    """

    Clean all of self.data and populate self._errors and self.cleaned_data.

    """

    self._errors = ErrorDict()

    if not self.is_bound:  # Stop further processing.

        return

    self.cleaned_data = {}

    # If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has

    # changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation.

    if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed():

        return

    self._clean_fields()     # 校验每一个字段

    self._clean_form()        # 校验全部字段

    self._post_clean()
# 局部钩子

    def _clean_fields(self):

        for name, field in self.fields.items():     # 校验每一个字段

            # value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.

            # Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some

            # widgets split data over several HTML fields.

            if field.disabled:

                value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)

            else:

                value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name))

            try:

                if isinstance(field, FileField):

                    initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)

                    value = field.clean(value, initial)

                else:

                    value = field.clean(value)

                self.cleaned_data[name] = value

                if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name):

                    value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)()

                    self.cleaned_data[name] = value

            except ValidationError as e:

                self.add_error(name, e)
# 全局钩子调用顺序

        def _clean_form(self):

            try:

                cleaned_data = self.clean()     # 全局钩子

            except ValidationError as e:

                self.add_error(None, e)

            else:

                if cleaned_data is not None:

                    self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data

        def clean(self):

            """

            Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been

            called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will

            not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case

            association with the field named '__all__'.

            """

            return self.cleaned_data

        @html_safe

        class BaseForm:

            """

            The main implementation of all the Form logic. Note that this class is

            different than Form. See the comments by the Form class for more info. Any

            improvements to the form API should be made to this class, not to the Form

            class.

            """

            def clean(self):

                pass

7、总结：forms组件解耦，调用冲突

myforms.py  组件代码

from app01.models import UserInfo       # 导入user表

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError  # 导入验证错误

from django import forms  # 导入forms组件

from django.forms import widgets   # HTML Widget classes

# 定义校验规则

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                           max_length=10,

                           label="用户名",

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},

                           # widget=widgets.TextInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),  # html控件添加样式

                           )

    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                          label="密码",

                          # widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),   # 定制Html控件

                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                          )

    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,

                            label="确认密码",

                            error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

                            )

    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",

                             error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'},

                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                             )

    tel = forms.CharField(label="电话",

                          error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空 '},

                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

                          )

    # 验证用户名

    def clean_name(self):

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")     # 获取清洗后的字段中的name

        ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)  # 数据库中的user

        if not ret:

            return ret

        else:

            raise ValidationError('该用户已经注册')    # 验证错误

    # 验证手机号

    def clean_tel(self):

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val) == 11:

            return val

        else:

            raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

    # 直接覆盖父类的clean方法， 全局钩子

    def clean(self):

        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")

        r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        # 先判断是否接受到pwd，r_pwd的值

        if pwd and r_pwd:

            if pwd == r_pwd:

                return self.cleaned_data

            else:

                raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")

        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

url

from django.urls import path, re_path, include

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'reg_html/$', views.reg_html, name='reg_html'),

]

views视图代码

from django.shortcuts import render

from app01.myforms import *

def reg_html(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)   # {"name": "alex", "pwd": "123",...}

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)        # # 所有清洗的字段以及对应的值

            print(form.errors)              # ErrorDict: {"校验错误的字段"：["错误信息"]}

            print(form.errors.get('name'))  # ErrorList {'错误信息',}

            # 获取全局钩子的error

            # print("error:", form.errors.get("__all__")[0])

            errors = form.errors.get("__all__")

            return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())

模板层

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"

          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <style type="text/css">

        span{

            color: red;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

            {#  novalidate  当提交表单时不对表单数据（输入）进行验证#}

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}

                <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>

{# 局部钩子错误  <p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>  #}

{# 全局钩子错误#}<p>{{ form.r_pwd.label }} {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>{{ form.tel.label }} {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <input type="submit" value="注册">

            </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

03、 forms组件的更多相关文章

  1. Python-S9—Day85-ORM项目实战之forms组件以及Modelform补充、跨域请求及应用

    01 forms组件补充1 02 forms组件补充2 03 ModelForm回顾 04 浏览器的历史 05 jsonop实现跨域请求 06 jsonop实现跨域请求2 07 jsonop实现跨域请 ...

  2. Django学习之八：forms组件【对form舒心了】

    目录 Django forms组件 bound and unbound form instance forms渲染有关 隐藏一个字段,不渲染它 form 校验 form类 ModelForm 利用Mo ...

  3. Django组件-Forms组件

    Django的Forms组件主要有以下几大功能: 页面初始化,生成HTML标签 校验用户数据(显示错误信息) HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据 一.小试牛刀 1.定义Form类 from dja ...

  4. Django组件--forms组件（注册用）

    一.forms组件--校验类的使用 二.form组件--校验类的参数 三.forms组件校验的局部钩子--自定义校验规则(要看源码理解) 四.forms组件校验的全局钩子--校验form表单两次密码输 ...

  5. web框架开发-Django的Forms组件

    校验字段功能 针对一个实例:用户注册. 模型:models.py class UserInfo(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) ...

  6. python django(forms组件)

    forms组件最大的作用,就是做数据校验. 普通做法,一个一个写校验规则,没有解耦.校验规则,都在视图函数里面. 网页校验 修改urls.py,增加路径addbook from app01 impor ...

  7. Auth模块、Forms组件

    Auth模块 auth模块是Django自带的用户认证模块: 我们在开发一个网站的时候,无可避免的需要设计实现网站的用户系统.此时我们需要实现包括用户注册.用户登录.用户认证.注销.修改密码等功能,这 ...

  8. django之forms组件

    在django中forms组件有其强大的功能,里面集合和众多的函数和方法:下面来看一下它的源码 """ Form classes """ f ...

  9. forms组件

    昨日回顾: 批量插入数据: -queryset的方法:bulk_create(对象列表,数字(一次插入多少)) 分页器: from django.core.paginator import Pagin ...

随机推荐

  1. python基础_类型_list

    #list 类似数组array,以[]扩起来逗号分隔 a = ['a','b','c'] #常用函数 a.append('c') #在list最后增加一个元素,结果是['a','b','c','c'] ...

  2. python 基础-----数字，字符串，if while 循环 数据类型的转换简单介绍

    一.第一个python小程序 首先我们要知道python创立的初衷是:Python崇尚优美.清晰.简单. 所以python比起其他的语言需要的工作量少了一半都不止,比如和现在一直霸占语言排行榜  榜首 ...

  3. [翻译] USING GIT IN XCODE [4] 在XCODE中使用GIT[4]

    USING GIT IN XCODE LOOKING AT HISTORY Xcode provides a Versions editor, which has three different pe ...

  4. HTTP 错误 404.3 - Not Found的问题（WCF）

    模块 StaticFileModule 通知 ExecuteRequestHandler 处理程序 StaticFile 错误代码 0x80070032 请求的 URL http://10.101.3 ...

  5. 打印pdf

    #include "pdf_print_helper.h" pdf_print_helper::pdf_print_helper(){ } pdf_print_helper::~p ...

  6. debian 7 linux 安装jdk出现Error occurred during initialization of VM java/lang/NoClassDefFoun

    debian 7 linux 安装jdk出现Error occurred during initialization of VM java/lang/NoClassDefFoun 这两天一直研究lin ...

  7. 洛谷 P2045 方格取数加强版【费用流】

        题目链接:https://www.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P2045 题目描述 给出一个n*n的矩阵,每一格有一个非负整数Aij,(Aij <= 1000)现 ...

  8. AOP的本质

    AOP的本质是HOOK: HOOK的本质是:新函数包含原函数或新函数替换原函数: 需要解决的问题: 1.新函数的生成: 2.新函数的调用机制: 3.原函数的调用机制: 新函数的生成: 1.将已有的动态 ...

  9. vue2.* 事件结合双向数据绑定、模块化以及封装Storage实现todolist 待办事项 已经完成 和进行中持久化 06

    ceshi.vue <template> <div id="app"> <input type='text' v-model='todo' @keyd ...

  10. Hadoop学习之路（六）HDFS基础

    HDFS前言 HDFS:Hadoop Distributed File System ,Hadoop分布式文件系统,主要用来解决海量数据的存储问题 设计思想 1.分散均匀存储 dfs.blocksiz ...