rest-framework框架的基本组件

快速实例

序列化

创建一个序列化类

简单使用

开发我们的Web API的第一件事是为我们的Web API提供一种将代码片段实例序列化和反序列化为诸如json之类的表示形式的方式。我们可以通过声明与Django forms非常相似的序列化器（serializers）来实现。

models部分:

from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
 
class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
 
class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

views部分：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers
 
from rest_framework import serializers
 
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date=serializers.DateField()
    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
    #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        temp=[]
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(author.name)
        return temp
 
class BookViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        # 序列化方式1:
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # import json
        # data=[]
        # for obj in book_list:
        #     data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # print(data)
        # return HttpResponse("ok")
 
        # 序列化方式2:
        # data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
        # return HttpResponse(data)
 
        # 序列化方式3:
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

ModelSerializer

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          depth=1

提交post请求

  def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 
        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

重写save中的create方法

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          # exclude = ['authors',]
          # depth=1
 
      def create(self, validated_data):
 
          authors = validated_data.pop('authors')
          obj = Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
          obj.authors.add(*authors)
          return obj

单条数据的get和put请求

class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj)
        return Response(bs.data)
 
    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

超链接API：Hyperlinked

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      publish= serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
                     view_name='publish_detail',
                     lookup_field="publish_id",
                     lookup_url_kwarg="pk")
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1

urls部分：

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view(),name="book_list"),
    url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="book_detail"),
    url(r'^publishers/$', views.PublishViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_list"),
    url(r'^publishers/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.PublishDetailViewSet.as_view(),name="publish_detail"),
]

视图三部曲

使用混合（mixins）

上一节的视图部分：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers
 
from rest_framework import serializers
 
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1
 
class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
      class Meta:
          model=Publish
          fields="__all__"
          depth=1
 
class BookViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)
 
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(request.data)
        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
 
class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)
 
    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
 
class PublishViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)
 
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 
        bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
 
class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView):
 
    def get(self,request,pk):
 
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)
 
    def put(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

mixin类编写视图

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
 
class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                  generics.GenericAPIView):
 
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
 
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                    generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
 
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

使用通用的基于类的视图

通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
 
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
 
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
 
class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
 
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
 
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers
 
class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

viewsets.ModelViewSet

urls.py:

    url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"),
    url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({
                'get': 'retrieve',
                'put': 'update',
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            }),name="book_detail"),

views.py:

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

认证与权限组件

认证组件

局部视图认证

在app01.service.auth.py:

class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
 
    def authenticate(self,request):
        token=request._request.GET.get("token")
        token_obj=UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not token_obj:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败!")
        return (token_obj.user,token_obj)

在views.py：

def get_random_str(user):
    import hashlib,time
    ctime=str(time.time())
 
    md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
    md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))
 
    return md5.hexdigest()
 
from app01.service.auth import *
 
from django.http import JsonResponse
class LoginViewSet(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [Authentication,]
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        res={"code":1000,"msg":None}
        try:
            user=request._request.POST.get("user")
            pwd=request._request.POST.get("pwd")
            user_obj=UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
            print(user,pwd,user_obj)
            if not user_obj:
                res["code"]=1001
                res["msg"]="用户名或者密码错误"
            else:
                token=get_random_str(user)
                UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user_obj,defaults={"token":token})
                res["token"]=token
 
        except Exception as e:
            res["code"]=1002
            res["msg"]=e
 
        return JsonResponse(res,json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii":False})

全局视图认证组件

settings.py配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}

权限组件

局部视图权限

在app01.service.permissions.py中：

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
    message="SVIP才能访问!"
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if request.user.user_type==3:
            return True
        return False

在views.py：

from app01.service.permissions import *
 
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局视图权限

settings.py配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",]
}

throttle(访问频率)组件

局部视图throttle

在app01.service.throttles.py中：

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
 
VISIT_RECORD={}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.history=None
 
    def allow_request(self,request,view):
        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        print(remote_addr)
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
 
        if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
            VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
            return True
 
        history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
        self.history=history
 
        while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
            history.pop()
 
        if len(history)<3:
            history.insert(0,ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False
 
    def wait(self):
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])

在views.py中：

from app01.service.throttles import *
 
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局视图throttle

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",]
}

内置throttle类

在app01.service.throttles.py修改为：

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
 
    scope="visit_rate"
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
 
        return self.get_ident(request)

settings.py设置：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
        "visit_rate":"5/m",
    }
}

解析器

request类

django的request类和rest-framework的request类的源码解析

局部视图

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("request.data",request.data)
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

全局视图

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
        "visit_rate":"5/m",
    },
    "DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES":['rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',]
}

分页

简单分页

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination
 
class PNPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 1
        page_query_param = 'page'
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 5
 
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        pp=LimitOffsetPagination()
        pager_books=pp.paginate_queryset(queryset=book_list,request=request,view=self)
        print(pager_books)
        bs=BookSerializers(pager_books,many=True)
 
        #return Response(bs.data)
        return pp.get_paginated_response(bs.data)

偏移分页

from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination

est-framework框架的基本组件的更多相关文章

基于Django的Rest Framework框架的认证组件
0|1一.认证组件的作用在一个程序中有一些功能是需要登录才能使用的,原生Django中的auth组件可以用来解决这个认证问题,drf框架中也有对应的认证组件来解决这个问题. models.py ...
基于Django的Rest Framework框架的频率组件
0|1一.频率组件的作用在我们平常浏览网站的时候会发现,一个功能你点击很多次后,系统会让你休息会在点击,这其实就是频率控制,主要作用是限制你在一定时间内提交请求的次数,减少服务器的压力. modle ...
基于Django的Rest Framework框架的序列化组件
本文目录一 Django自带序列化组件二 rest-framework序列化之Serializer 三 rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer 四生成hypermed ...
基于Django的Rest Framework框架的视图组件
本文目录一基本视图二 mixin类和generice类编写视图三使用generics 下ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView 四使用 ...
基于Django的Rest Framework框架的分页组件
本文目录一简单分页(查看第n页,每页显示n条) 二偏移分页(在第n个位置,向后查看n条数据) 三 CursorPagination(加密分页,只能看上一页和下一页,速度快) 回到目录一简单分 ...
Django rest framework框架中有哪些组件
认证权限(授权) 用户访问次数/频率限制版本解析器(parser) 序列化分页路由系统视图渲染器认证自定义认证的类 """ from rest_fram ...
Django Rest framework 框架之认证使用和源码执行流程
用这个框架需要先安装: pip3 install djangorestframework 如果写了一个CBV的东西,继承了View. # 继承Django里面View class APIView(Vi ...
ASP.NET之.NET FrameWork框架
.NET FrameWork框架是一套应用程序开发框架,主要目的提供一个开发模型. 主要的两个组件: 公共语言运行时(Common Language Runtime)(CLR): 提供内存管理.线 ...
Django_rest framework 框架介绍
restful介绍 restful协议一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式 URL 设计原先的URL设计方式在url 中体现出操作行为 /books/ books /books/add/ addbo ...
Django之Rest Framework框架
一.什么是RESTful REST与技术无关,代表的是一种软件架构风格,REST是Representational State Transfer的简称,中文翻译为“表征状态转移” REST从资源的角度 ...

随机推荐

django中多个app放入同一文件夹apps
开发IDE:pycharm 新建一个apps文件夹需要整理的app文件夹拖到同一个文件夹中,即apps.(弹出对话框,取消勾选Search for references) 在pycharm 中,右键 ...
1.1.15 word调整文字与下划线之间的间距
先请按CTRL+U快捷键,或点击“下划线”按钮,然后输入一个空格,再输入文字“下划线间距”,在文字的尾部再添加一个空格.选中文字内容(注意不要选中首尾的空格),单击菜单“格式”→“字体”,在“字体”设 ...
Guava 1:概览
一.引言都说java是开源的,但是除了JDK外,能坚持更新且被广泛认可的开源jar包实在是不可多得.其中最显眼的自然是guava了,背靠google自然底气十足,今天就来解开guava的面纱,初探一 ...
兼容ie，火狐的判断回车键js脚本
var event = window.event || arguments.callee.caller.arguments[0]; var keycode = event.keyCode || eve ...
C现代编程
1.C语言没有像面向对象语言一样提供访问控制的功能,无法实现数据隐藏,可以通过规定成员命名来规避这个问题,例如不允许直接访问的成员以“_”开头. 2.模板模式,利用函数指针,抽离固有代码,差异代码放到 ...
Delphi 10-10.2.2启动提示JS错误的解决办法
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Embarcadero\BDS\18.0\Known IDE Packages\ $(BDS)\Bin\CommunityToolbar240.b ...
浅读官方代码--ActionManager
用于管理节点的动作 { CCDirector* pDirector = CCDirector::sharedDirector(); //获得单例 pDirector->getActionMana ...
ORM的多表查询详述
ORM的多表查询 ORM最核心与用的最多的地方就是跨表查询了.这里的"跨表查询"分为以下几种:基于对象的跨表查询.基于双下划线的跨表查询.聚合查询.F与Q查询以及分组查询. 下面就 ...
phpwind v9存在命令执行漏洞（登陆后台）
已知漏洞:https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-94465 phpwind v9最新版存在命令执行漏洞(登陆后台) Phpwind_v9.0.2(最新版),phpwin ...
HTML/CSS基础知识（四）
WEB标准和W3C的理解与认识 Web标准是一系列标准的集合. 网页主要由三部分组成:结构(Structure).表现(Presentation)和行为(Behavior). 对应的标准也分三方面:结 ...

est-framework框架的基本组件