七月在线爬虫班学习笔记（六）——scrapy爬虫整体示例

第六课主要内容：

• 爬豆瓣文本例程 douban
• 图片例程 douban_imgs

1.爬豆瓣文本例程 douban

目录结构

douban
--douban
  --spiders
    --__init__.py
    --bookspider.py
    --douban_comment_spider.py
    --doumailspider.py
  --__init__.py
  --items.py
  --pipelines.py
  --settings.py
--scrapy.cfg

–spiders–init.py

# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project
#
# Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage
# your spiders.

bookspider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''by sudo rm -rf  http://imchenkun.com'''
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanBookItem
 
class BookSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban-book'
    allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
    start_urls = [
        'https://book.douban.com/top250'
    ]
 
    def parse(self, response):
        # 请求第一页
        yield scrapy.Request(response.url, callback=self.parse_next)
 
        # 请求其它页
        for page in response.xpath('//div[@class="paginator"]/a'):
            link = page.xpath('@href').extract()[0]
            yield scrapy.Request(link, callback=self.parse_next)
 
    def parse_next(self, response):
        for item in response.xpath('//tr[@class="item"]'):
            book = DoubanBookItem()
            book['name'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[1]/a/@title').extract()[0]
            book['content'] = item.xpath('td[2]/p/text()').extract()[0]
            book['ratings'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[2]/span[2]/text()').extract()[0]
            yield book

douban_comment_spider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#python2中提示输入为raw_input,python3为input；Python2 print不需要加括号，Python3全加。大家可以根据自己的版本自行优化
import scrapy
from faker import Factory
from douban.items import DoubanMovieCommentItem
import urllib.parse
f = Factory.create()
 
class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban-comment'
    allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com']
    start_urls = [
        'https://www.douban.com/'
    ]
 
    headers = {
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Host': 'accounts.douban.com',
        'User-Agent': f.user_agent()
    }
 
    formdata = {
        'form_email': '你的邮箱',
        'form_password': '你的密码',
        # 'captcha-solution': '',
        # 'captcha-id': '',
        'login': '登录',
        'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/',
        'source': 'None'
    }
 
    def start_requests(self):
        return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login',
                               headers=self.headers,
                               meta={'cookiejar': 1},
                               callback=self.parse_login)]
 
    def parse_login(self, response):
        # 如果有验证码要人为处理
        if 'captcha_image' in response.body:
            print('Copy the link:')
            link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0]
            print(link)
            captcha_solution = input('captcha-solution:')
            captcha_id = urllib.parse_qs(urllib.urlparse(link).query, True)['id']
            self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution
            self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id
        return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response,
                                                 formdata=self.formdata,
                                                 headers=self.headers,
                                                 meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                                                 callback=self.after_login
                                                 )]
 
    def after_login(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com"
        yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews',
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_comment_url)
        yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews',
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_next_page,
                              dont_filter = True)   #不去重
 
    def parse_next_page(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        try:
            next_url = response.urljoin(response.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract()[0])
            print ("下一页")
            print (next_url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_comment_url,
                              dont_filter = True)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_next_page,
                              dont_filter = True)
        except:
            print ("Next page Error")
            return
 
    def parse_comment_url(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="main review-item"]'):
            comment_url = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/@href').extract()[0]
            comment_title = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/text()').extract()[0]
            print (comment_title)
            print (comment_url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=comment_url,
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_comment)
 
    def parse_comment(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        for item in response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]'):
            comment = DoubanMovieCommentItem()
            comment['useful_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[1]/text()').extract()[0].strip()
            comment['no_help_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[2]/text()').extract()[0].strip()
            comment['people'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:reviewer"]/text()').extract()[0]
            comment['people_url'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/a[1]/@href').extract()[0]
            comment['star'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/span[1]/@title').extract()[0]
 
            data_type = item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/@data-original').extract()[0]
            print ("data_type: "+data_type)
            if data_type == '0':
                comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/p/text()').extract()))
            elif data_type == '1':
                comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div[1]/text()').extract()))
            comment['title'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()[0]
            comment['comment_page_url'] = response.url
            #print comment
            yield comment

doumailspider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''by sudo rm -rf  http://imchenkun.com'''
import scrapy
from faker import Factory
from douban.items import DoubanMailItem
import urllib.parse
f = Factory.create()
 
class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban-mail'
    allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com']
    start_urls = [
        'https://www.douban.com/'
    ]
 
    headers = {
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Host': 'accounts.douban.com',
        'User-Agent': f.user_agent()
    }
 
    formdata = {
        'form_email': '你的邮箱',
        'form_password': '你的密码',
        # 'captcha-solution': '',
        # 'captcha-id': '',
        'login': '登录',
        'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/',
        'source': 'None'
    }
 
    def start_requests(self):
        return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login',
                               headers=self.headers,
                               meta={'cookiejar': 1},
                               callback=self.parse_login)]
 
    def parse_login(self, response):
        # 如果有验证码要人为处理
        if 'captcha_image' in response.body:
            print ('Copy the link:')
            link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0]
            print (link)
            captcha_solution = input('captcha-solution:')
            captcha_id = urllib.parse_qs(urllib.urlparse(link).query, True)['id']
            self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution
            self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id
        return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response,
                                                 formdata=self.formdata,
                                                 headers=self.headers,
                                                 meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                                                 callback=self.after_login
                                                 )]
 
    def after_login(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com"
        return scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/doumail/',
                              meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                              headers=self.headers,
                              callback=self.parse_mail)
 
    def parse_mail(self, response):
        print (response.status)
        for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="doumail-list"]/ul/li'):
            mail = DoubanMailItem()
            mail['sender_time'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[1]/text()').extract()[0]
            mail['sender_from'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[2]/text()').extract()[0]
            mail['url'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/@href').extract()[0]
            mail['title'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/text()').extract()[0]
            print  (mail)
            yield mail

init.py

无代码

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
 
class DoubanBookItem(scrapy.Item):
    name = scrapy.Field()            # 书名
    price = scrapy.Field()           # 价格
    edition_year = scrapy.Field()    # 出版年份
    publisher = scrapy.Field()       # 出版社
    ratings = scrapy.Field()         # 评分
    author = scrapy.Field()          # 作者
    content = scrapy.Field()
 
class DoubanMailItem(scrapy.Item):
    sender_time = scrapy.Field()     # 发送时间
    sender_from = scrapy.Field()     # 发送人
    url = scrapy.Field()             # 豆邮详细地址
    title = scrapy.Field()           # 豆邮标题
 
class DoubanMovieCommentItem(scrapy.Item):
    useful_num = scrapy.Field()      # 多少人评论有用
    no_help_num = scrapy.Field()     # 多少人评论无用
    people = scrapy.Field()          # 评论者
    people_url = scrapy.Field()      # 评论者页面
    star = scrapy.Field()            # 评分
    comment = scrapy.Field()         # 评论
    title = scrapy.Field()           # 标题
    comment_page_url = scrapy.Field()# 当前页

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
class DoubanBookPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        info = item['content'].split(' / ')  # [法] 圣埃克苏佩里 / 马振聘 / 人民文学出版社 / 2003-8 / 22.00元
        item['name'] = item['name']
        item['price'] = info[-1]
        item['edition_year'] = info[-2]
        item['publisher'] = info[-3]
        return item
 
class DoubanMailPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        item['title'] = item['title'].replace(' ', '').replace('\\n', '')
        return item
 
class DoubanMovieCommentPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Scrapy settings for douban project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
BOT_NAME = 'douban'
 
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'
 
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
from faker import Factory
f = Factory.create()
USER_AGENT = f.user_agent()
 
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
 
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
 
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
 
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
 
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
 
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    'Host': 'book.douban.com',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
}
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
 
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douban.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
 
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douban.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
 
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
 
# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    #'douban.pipelines.DoubanBookPipeline': 300,
    #'douban.pipelines.DoubanMailPipeline': 600,
    'douban.pipelines.DoubanMovieCommentPipeline': 900,
}
 
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
 
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

scrapy.cfg

# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
#
# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html
 
[settings]
default = douban.settings
 
[deploy]
#url = http://localhost:6800/
project = douban

2.图片例程 douban_imgs

目录结构

douban_imgs
--douban
  --spiders
    --__init__.py
    --download_douban.py
  --__init__.py
  --items.py
  --pipelines.py
  --run_spider.py
  --settings.py
--scrapy.cfg

–spiders–init.py

# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project
#
# Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage
# your spiders.

download_douban.py

# coding=utf-8
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
import re
from scrapy import Request
from douban_imgs.items import DoubanImgsItem
 
class download_douban(Spider):
    name = 'download_douban'
 
    default_headers = {
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
        'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Host': 'www.douban.com',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
    }
 
    def __init__(self, url='1638835355', *args, **kwargs):
        self.allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
        self.start_urls = [
            'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/%s/' % (url)]
        self.url = url
        # call the father base function
 
        #super(download_douban, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
    def start_requests(self):
 
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield Request(url=url, headers=self.default_headers, callback=self.parse)
 
    def parse(self, response):
        list_imgs = response.xpath('//div[@class="photolst clearfix"]//img/@src').extract()
        if list_imgs:
            item = DoubanImgsItem()
            item['image_urls'] = list_imgs
            yield item

init.py

此文件内无代码

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
 
import scrapy
from scrapy import Item, Field
 
class DoubanImgsItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    image_urls = Field()
    images = Field()
    image_paths = Field()

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
from scrapy import Request
from scrapy import log
 
class DoubanImgsPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item
 
class DoubanImgDownloadPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    default_headers = {
        'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',
        'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
        'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
        'cookie': 'bid=yQdC/AzTaCw',
        'referer': 'https://www.douban.com/photos/photo/2370443040/',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
    }
 
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        for image_url in item['image_urls']:
            self.default_headers['referer'] = image_url
            yield Request(image_url, headers=self.default_headers)
 
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
        item['image_paths'] = image_paths
        return item

run_spider.py

from scrapy import cmdline
cmd_str = 'scrapy crawl download_douban'
cmdline.execute(cmd_str.split(' '))

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Scrapy settings for douban_imgs project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
BOT_NAME = 'douban_imgs'
 
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_imgs.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_imgs.spiders'
 
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'douban_imgs (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
 
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS=32
 
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY=3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN=16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP=16
 
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED=False
 
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED=False
 
# Override the default request headers:
# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
# }
 
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }
 
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# }
 
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }
 
# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'douban_imgs.pipelines.DoubanImgDownloadPipeline': 300,
}
 
IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\\doubanimgs'
#IMAGES_STORE = '/tmp'
 
IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90
 
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# NOTE: AutoThrottle will honour the standard settings for concurrency and delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED=True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY=5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY=60
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG=False
 
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED=True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS=0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR='httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES=[]
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE='scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

scrapy.cfg

# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
#
# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html
 
[settings]
default = douban_imgs.settings
 
[deploy]
#url = http://localhost:6800/
project = douban_imgs