Spring Cloud 纯干货，从入门到实战
导读
之前写过一篇SpringCloud从入门到精通的点我直达，微服务基础知识点我直达，今天我们使用Spring Cloud模拟一个电商项目。分别有以下2个服务，商品、订单。下面我们开始叭
技术栈
- SpringBoot整合SpringCloud
- 通信方式：http restful
- 注册中心：eruka
- 断路器：hystrix
- 网关：zuul
商品服务
功能点
- 商品列表
- 商品详情
订单服务
功能点
- 我的订单
- 下单接口
搭建Eureka Server
创建项目
项目结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka_server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka_server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
启动类上加注解
application.properties
# 服务端口号
server.port=8761
# eureka主机名
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
# 指定当前主机是否需要向注册中心注册(不用，因为当前主机是Server，不是Client)
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
# 指定当前主机是否需要获取注册信息(不用，因为当前主机是Server，不是Client)
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
# 注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
启动服务并查看监控台
搭建Eureka Client商品服务
创建项目
项目结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>product_service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>product_service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
application.properties
# 服务端口号
server.port=8771
# 服务名称
spring.application.name=product_service
# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
ProductController.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.controller; import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /**
* @ClassName：ProductController
* @Description：商品
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:42 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService; /**
* 商品列表
*
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("list")
public Object list() {
return productService.listProduct();
} /**
* 根据id查询商品
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("findById")
public Object findById(@RequestParam("id") int id) {
return productService.findById(id);
}
}
Product.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.domain; import java.io.Serializable; /**
* @ClassName：Product
* @Description：商品实体类
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:43 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
public class Product implements Serializable {
/**
* 内码
*/
private String id;
/**
* 商品名称
*/
private String name;
/**
* 价格，分为单位
*/
private int price;
/**
* 库存
*/
private int store; public String getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getPrice() {
return price;
} public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
} public int getStore() {
return store;
} public void setStore(int store) {
this.store = store;
} public Product() { } public Product(String id, String name, int price, int store) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.store = store;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "product{" +
"id='" + id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", store=" + store +
'}';
}
}
ProductService.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.service; import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product; import java.util.List; /**
* @ClassName：ProductService
* @Description：商品service
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:45 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
public interface ProductService {
/**
* 商品列表
* @return
*/
List<Product> listProduct(); /**
* 根据id查询商品
* @param id
* @return
*/
Product findById(int id);
}
ProductServiceImpl.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product;
import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.*; /**
* @ClassName：ProductServiceImpl
* @Description：ProductService实现类
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:47 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
//初始化内存商品数据。模拟数据库中存储的商品
private static final Map<Integer, Product> daoMap = new HashMap<>(); @Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
daoMap.put(i, new Product(i + "", "iphone_" + i, 1000 * i, 10));
}
} @Override
public List<Product> listProduct() {
Collection<Product> values = daoMap.values();
return new ArrayList<>(values);
} @Override
public Product findById(int id) {
Product product = daoMap.get(id);
product.setName(product.getName()+"_"+port);
return product;
}
}
ProductServiceApplication.java
package com.ybchen.product_service; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication
public class ProductServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductServiceApplication.class, args);
} }
启动并查看监控台
启动2个服务，并查看监控台
搭建Eureka Client订单服务
创建项目
项目结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>order_service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order_service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
application.properties
# 服务端口号
server.port=8781
# 服务名称
spring.application.name=order-service
# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
OrderServiceApplication.java
启动类添加Ribbon注解
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
package com.ybchen.order_service; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication
public class OrderServiceApplication {
/**
* 负载均衡Ribbon
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderServiceApplication.class, args);
} }
OrderController.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.controller; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController
@RequestMapping("api/v1/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private ProductOrderService productOrderService;
@RequestMapping("save")
public Object save(@RequestParam("user_id")int userId,@RequestParam("product_id")int productId){
return productOrderService.save(userId,productId);
}
}
ProductOrder.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.domain; import java.util.Date; /**
* 商品订单实体类
*/
public class ProductOrder {
/**
* 主键
*/
private int id;
/**
* 商品名称
*/
private String productName;
/**
* 订单流水号
*/
private String tradeNo;
/**
* 价格，以分位单位
*/
private int price;
/**
* 创建时间
*/
private Date createTime;
/**
* 用户id
*/
private String userId;
/**
* 用户名称
*/
private String userName; public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getProductName() {
return productName;
} public void setProductName(String productName) {
this.productName = productName;
} public String getTradeNo() {
return tradeNo;
} public void setTradeNo(String tradeNo) {
this.tradeNo = tradeNo;
} public int getPrice() {
return price;
} public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
} public Date getCreateTime() {
return createTime;
} public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
this.createTime = createTime;
} public String getUserId() {
return userId;
} public void setUserId(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
} public String getUserName() {
return userName;
} public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "ProductOrder{" +
"id=" + id +
", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
", tradeNo='" + tradeNo + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", createTime=" + createTime +
", userId='" + userId + '\'' +
", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
ProductOrderService.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service;
import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;
public interface ProductOrderService {
ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId);
}
ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;
import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID; /**
* @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl
* @Description：产品订单实现类
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@Service
public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 下单接口
* @param userId 用户id
* @param productId 产品id
* @return
*/
@Override
public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {
Object obj=productId;
//get方式
Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class);
//post方式
// Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();
// map.put("id","1");
// String s = restTemplate.postForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/test", map, String.class);
// System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(forObject);
//获取商品详情
ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder();
productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());
productOrder.setUserId(userId+"");
return productOrder;
}
}
测试负载均衡
feign实战
简介
改造订单服务，调用商品服务获取商品信息
官网例子
改造订单服务
添加feign依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>order_service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order_service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
启动类上添加注解
启动类上添加：@EnableFeignClients
添加一个接口
ProductClient.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; /**
* 商品服务客户端
*/
// name=商品服务的服务名==========》spring.application.name=product-service
@FeignClient(name = "product-service")
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")
public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("findById")
String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);
}
修改ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
原先
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;
import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID; /**
* @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl
* @Description：产品订单实现类
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@Service
public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 下单接口
* @param userId 用户id
* @param productId 产品id
* @return
*/
@Override
public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {
Object obj=productId;
//get方式
Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class);
//post方式
// Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();
// map.put("id","1");
// String s = restTemplate.postForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/test", map, String.class);
// System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(forObject);
//获取商品详情
ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder();
productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());
productOrder.setUserId(userId+"");
return productOrder;
}
}
修改为
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;
import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient;
import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID; /**
* @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl
* @Description：产品订单实现类
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@Service
public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService {
@Autowired
private ProductClient productClient; /**
* 下单接口
*
* @param userId 用户id
* @param productId 产品id
* @return
*/
@Override
public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {
//-----------调用商品服务开始------------
String byId = productClient.findById(productId);
System.out.println(byId);
//-----------调用商品服务结束------------
//获取商品详情
ProductOrder productOrder = new ProductOrder();
productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());
productOrder.setUserId(userId + "");
return productOrder;
}
}
测试商品服务
补充(设置服务调用超时时间)
默认连接10秒，读取60秒，但是由于hystrix默认是1秒超时
官网案例，点我直达
application.properties
# 设置连接和读取超时时间
feign.client.config.default.connect-timeout=5000
feign.client.config.default.read-timeout=1100
服务降级熔断(Hystrix)
为什么要用？
在一个分布式系统里，一个服务依赖多个服务，可能存在某个服务调用失败，比如超时、异常等，如何能保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务故障，可以通过Hystrix来解决。
官网例子
修改订单服务
添加依赖
<!--hystrix依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>order_service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order_service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--hystrix依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
启动类加注解
@EnableCircuitBreaker
修改控制层
添加注解，@HystrixCommand，并定义回调方法，返回值、入参必须一致！！！！
入参、返回值，不一致会报错
feign结合Hystrix
修改订单服务
开启hystrix
# 开启hystrix
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
ProductClient.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service; import com.ybchen.order_service.fallback.ProductClientFallBack;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; /**
* 商品服务客户端
*/
// name=商品服务的服务名==========》spring.application.name=product-service
@FeignClient(name = "product-service",fallback = ProductClientFallBack.class)
//@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")
public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("/api/v1/product/findById")
String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);
}
ProductClientFallBack.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.fallback; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* 针对商品服务，做降级处理
*/
@Component
public class ProductClientFallBack implements ProductClient {
@Override
public String findById(int id) {
System.out.println("商品服务被降级了~~~~~~~");
return null;
}
}
验证商品服务熔断
为什么对商品服务做了熔断，还返回这个结果呢，那是因为service实现类，内部发生了错误
熔断降级服务报警通知(重要)
下面写一些伪代码，比如：xxx微服务挂了，然后通过短信、邮件的方式，通知相应的开发人员，紧急处理事故等。
修改订单服务
修改hystrix超时时间
禁用超时时间(不推荐)
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled=false
设置超时时间(推荐)
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=4000
源码位置讲解
通过这种方法，还可以设置更多的hystrix默认值
断路器Dashboard监控仪表盘
修改订单服务
添加依赖
<!--hystrix仪表盘-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>order_service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order_service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--hystrix依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--hystrix仪表盘-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
pom.xml
启动类上加注解
添加：@EnableHystrixDashboard
修改配置文件
# 暴露全部的监控信息
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
访问仪表盘
http://127.0.0.1:8781/hystrix http://127.0.0.1:8781/actuator/hystrix.stream
仪表盘实际工作中用处不大(仁者见仁智者见智)，纯属学习用，具体参数，请自行百度，只要把微服务熔断/降级报警通知处理好，比啥都好
微服务网关Zuul
创建项目
项目结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.11.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ybchen</groupId>
<artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>api-gateway</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
pom.xml
application.properties
server.port=8800
# 服务名称
spring.application.name=api-gateway
# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
默认访问规则
http://gateway:port/service-id/**
比如，原先下单地址：127.0.0.1:8781/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
现在下单地址：127.0.0.1:8800/order-service/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
自定义路由规则
添加application.properties信息
# 自定义路由规则，语法：zuul.routes.服务名=自定义路由
zuul.routes.order-service=/apigate/**
# 不让默认的服务对外暴露接口，语法：zuul.ignored-patterns=服务名
zuul.ignored-patterns=/order-service/**
# 忽略所有服务
# zuul.ignored-patterns=*
处理http请求头为空的问题
默认zuul过滤3个值("Cookie", "Set-Cookie", "Authorization")，解决版本，设置为不过滤
源码解读
添加属性
# 处理http请求头为空的问题
zuul.sensitive-headers=
自定义Zuul过滤器之登录鉴权
改造api-gateway项目
新建LoginFilter类
新建该类，并继承ZuulFilter，重写里面的方法
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.PrintWriter; import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; /**
* @ClassName：LoginFilter
* @Description：登录过滤器
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/8 11:16 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@Component //让Spring扫描到
public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {
/**
* 过滤类型，有以下类型
* 1、pre
* 2、route
* 3、post
* 4、error
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public String filterType() {
return PRE_TYPE;
} /**
* 过滤器顺序，越小越先执行
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 4;
} /**
* 过滤器是否生效
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
//1、获取上下文
RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
//2、获取HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
//3、拿到请求路径，判断是否进行拦截
//System.out.println(request.getRequestURL()); //http://127.0.0.1:8800/apigate/order/api/v1/order/save
//System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); ///apigate/order/api/v1/order/save
String url = request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println("请求路径url=========>" + url);
if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) {
return true;
}
return false;
} /**
* 过滤器逻辑，业务逻辑
*
* @return
* @throws ZuulException
*/
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
System.out.println("请求被拦截啦==============");
//JWT方式
//1、获取上下文
RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
//2、获取HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
//3、拿到token
String token = request.getHeader("token"); //请求头拿token
if (token == null || "".equals(token)) {
token = request.getParameter("token"); //get方式拿token
}
//登录校验逻辑，这里推荐JWT方式，做登录鉴权
if (token == null || "".equals(token)) {
//4、不让继续往下走
currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
//5、设置状态码，401，Unauthorized
currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
sendJsonMessage(currentContext.getResponse(),"用户未登录");
}
return null;
}
/**
* 响应json数据给前端
*
* @param response
* @param obj
*/
private void sendJsonMessage(HttpServletResponse response, Object obj) {
try {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.print(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj));
writer.close();
writer.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
用户登录鉴权测试
补充
登录鉴权，推荐使用JWT方式，下面我提供我之前的一个项目，JWT的工具类，和拦截器的部分关键代码
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
pom.xml依赖
package net.ybclass.online_ybclass.utils; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import net.ybclass.online_ybclass.model.entity.User; import java.util.Date; /**
* JWT工具类
* 注意点：
* 1、生成的token，是可以通过base64进行解密出铭文信息
* 2、base64进行解密出明文信息，修改再进行编码，则会解密失败
* 3、无法作废已颁布的token，除非改密钥
*/
public class JWTUtils {
/**
* 过期时间，一周
*/
static final long EXPIRE = 60000 * 60 * 24 * 7;
/**
* 加密密钥
*/
private static final String SECRET = "ybclass.net168";
/**
* 令牌前缀
*/
private static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "ybclass";
/**
* 主题
*/
private static final String SUBJECT = "ybclass"; /**
* 根据用户信息，生成令牌
*
* @param user
* @return
*/
public static String geneJsonWebToken(User user) {
String token = Jwts.builder().setSubject(SUBJECT)
.claim("head_img", user.getHeadImg())
.claim("id", user.getId())
.claim("name", user.getName())
.setIssuedAt(new Date()) //令牌颁布时间
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE)) //过期时间
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET) //加密方式
.compact();
token = TOKEN_PREFIX + token;
return token;
} /**
* 校验token方法
*
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static Claims checkJWT(String token) {
try {
final Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(SECRET)
.parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, ""))
.getBody();
return claims;
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
JWTUtils.java
try {
String accesToken = request.getHeader("token");
if (accesToken == null) {
accesToken = request.getParameter("token");
}
if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(accesToken)) {
Claims claims = JWTUtils.checkJWT(accesToken);
if (claims == null) {
sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登陆过期，请重新登陆"));
//告诉登陆过期，重新登陆
return false;
}
Integer id = (Integer) claims.get("id");
String name = (String) claims.get("name");
request.setAttribute("user_id", id);
request.setAttribute("name", name);
return true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//登陆失败
sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登陆过期，请重新登陆"));
return false;
=================
User user = userMapper.findByPhoneAndPwd(phone, CommonUtils.MD5(pwd));
return user == null ? null : JWTUtils.geneJsonWebToken(user);
拦截器部分代码
网关Zuul接口限流
采用谷歌guava框架，网关限流
改造api-gateway项目
创建OrderRatelimiterFilter
然后继承ZuulFilter，并使用springcloud继承的guava技术，只针对订单接口限流！！！
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter; import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; /**
* @ClassName：OrderRateLimiterFilter
* @Description：订单接口限流
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/9 11:32 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
public class OrderRateLimiterFilter extends ZuulFilter {
//限流令牌，每秒创建多少令牌，注意：springcloud 默认集成guava
private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(1000); @Override
public String filterType() {
return PRE_TYPE;
} @Override
public int filterOrder() {
return -4;
} @Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
//1、获取上下文
RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
//2、获取HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
String url = request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println("限流请求路径url=========>" + url);
//只对订单接口限流
if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) {
return true;
}
return false;
} @Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
if (!RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire()) {
currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
}
return null;
}
}
Zuul集群
技术栈：nginx+lvs+keepalive
案例源码下载
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bNIh-8nSCMcU7FjVVzlBnA 密码: 4wf9
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